IEC TS 61973:2012

High voltage direct current (HVDC) substation audible noise

IEC TS 61973:2012

Name:IEC TS 61973:2012   Standard name:High voltage direct current (HVDC) substation audible noise
Standard number:IEC TS 61973:2012   language:English language
Release Date:08-May-2019   technical committee:TC 115 - High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission for DC voltages above 100 kV
Drafting committee:JMT 1 - TC 115/JMT 1   ICS number:01 - GENERALITIES. TERMINOLOGY. STANDARDIZATION. DOCUMENTATION

IEC/TS 61973
Edition 1.0 2012-04
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
High voltage direct current (HVDC) substation audible noise

IEC/TS 61973:2012(E)


either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
CH-1211 Geneva 20 [email protected]
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.

Useful links:
IEC publications search - /searchpub Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The advanced search enables you to find IEC publications The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical electrical terms containing more than 30 000 terms and
committee,…). definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in
It also gives information on projects, replaced and additional languages. Also known as the International
withdrawn publications. Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) on-line.

IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication
details all new publications released. Available on-line and or need further assistance, please contact the
also once a month by email. Customer Service Centre: [email protected].

IEC/TS 61973
Edition 1.0 2012-04
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
High voltage direct current (HVDC) substation audible noise

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XC
ICS 29.240.10; 29.240.99 ISBN 978-2-8322-0077-3

– 2 – TS 61973 © IEC:2012(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 7
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 10
3.1 Sound and noise terms . 10
3.2 Sound radiation terms . 14
3.3 Acoustic fields . 16
4 Environmental influences . 16
4.1 General . 16
4.2 Directivity of sound radiation . 16
4.3 Background noise . 17
4.4 Topography . 19
4.5 Meteorological conditions . 20
5 Noise level limits . 21
5.1 General . 21
5.2 Regulations . 22
5.2.1 Noise level limits . 22
5.2.2 Noise level measurement . 22
5.3 Land-use classifications . 22
5.4 Location of required performance limits . 23
5.4.1 General . 23
5.4.2 At the fence surrounding the HVDC substation or at the border of the
substation owner’s property . 23
5.4.3 At the given contour away from the HVDC substation (e.g. on a circle

perimeter or beyond a property border line) . 23
5.4.4 At the border of a nearby property . 23
5.5 Relationship of performance limits to time duration. 24
5.6 Typical noise performance limits . 24
5.6.1 General . 24
5.6.2 Specific A-weighted sound pressure levels . 24
5.6.3 Maximum allowable increase over background noise levels . 24
6 Sound emitting sources . 25
6.1 General . 25
6.2 Converter transformer . 25
6.2.1 Noise sources in a converter transformer . 25
6.2.2 Comparison with a.c. power transformers . 26
6.2.3 Special features of HVDC converter transformers . 26
6.2.4 Transformer winding noise. 27
6.3 Reactors . 28
6.3.1 Type and design of HVDC reactors . 28
6.3.2 Mechanism of sound generation . 28
6.3.3 AC filter reactors . 33
6.3.4 HVDC smoothing reactors . 34
6.3.5 Self-tuned filter reactors . 35
6.4 Capacitors . 36
6.4.1 Type and design of capacitors . 36

TS 61973 © IEC:2012(E) – 3 –
6.4.2 Mechanism of sound generation . 36
6.5 Cooling fans . 39
6.6 Other sound-emitting sources . 40
6.6.1 Switching devices . 40
6.6.2 Synchronous compensators . 41
6.6.3 Diesel generators . 41
6.6.4 Air conditioning plant . 41
6.6.5 Cooling circuit pumps . 41
6.6.6 Converter valves . 41
6.6.7 Air compressors . 42
6.6.8 Corona sources . 42
6.7 Typical sound power levels of sound emitting sources . 42
7 Sound reduction measures . 42
7.1 General . 42
7.2 Substation layout . 43
7.2.1 General . 43
7.2.2 Transformers and tanked reactors . 43
7.2.3 Air-cored reactors . 43
7.2.4 Capacitors . 44
7.2.5 Cooling fans . 44
7.2.6 Diesel generators . 44
7.2.7 Switching devices . 44
7.2.8 Air conditioning plant . 44
7.2.9 Corona sources . 44
7.2.10 Synchronous compensators . 44
7.3 Component design . 45
7.3.1 General . 45
7.3.2 Transformers and tanked reactors . 45
7.3.3 Air-cored reactors . 45
7.3.4 Capacitors . 45
7.3.5 Cooling fans . 46
7.3.6 Pumps and diesel generators . 46
7.3.7 Switching devices . 46
7.3.8 Air-conditioning plant . 46
7.3.9 High voltage connections . 46
7.4 Sound enclosures . 46
7.4.1 General . 46
7.4.2 Transformers and tanked-reactors . 46
7.4.3 Air-cored reactors . 47
7.4.4 Capacitors . 47
7.5 Retrofitable techniques . 48
7.5.1 Enclosures . 48
7.5.2 Damping . 48
7.5.3 Active noise and vibration mitigation . 48
8 Operating conditions . 48
8.1 General . 48
8.2 Normal operating conditions . 49
8.3 Exceptional operating conditions . 50
8.4 Operating conditions specified for verification. 51

– 4 – TS 61973 © IEC:2012(E)
9 Sound level prediction . 51
9.1 General . 51
9.2 Modelling of plant . 52
9.2.1 General . 52
9.2.2 Layout . 52
9.2.3 Source .
...

  • Relates Information
  • ISO 8130-9:1992

    ISO 8130-9:1992 - Coating powders
    09-28
  • EN 352-2:2020/FprA1

    EN 352-2:2021/oprA1:2023
    09-28
  • IEC TS 61158-4:1999

    IEC TS 61158-4:1999 - Digital data communications for measurement and control - Fieldbus for use in industrial control systems - Part 4: Data Link protocol specification Released:3/24/1999 Isbn:2831847656
    09-28
  • HD 566 S1:1990

    HD 566 S1:1998
    09-28
  • ISO 5131:1982/Amd 1:1992

    ISO 5131:1982/Amd 1:1992
    09-28
  • EN 60598-2-22:1990

    EN 60598-2-22:1996
    09-27
  • ISO 8504-2:1992

    ISO 8504-2:1992 - Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products -- Surface preparation methods
    09-27
  • EN 12165:2024

    prEN 12165:2022
    09-27
  • IEC TS 61158-6:1999

    IEC TS 61158-6:1999 - Digital data communications for measurement and control - Fieldbus for use in industrial control systems - Part 6: Application Layer protocol specification Released:3/24/1999 Isbn:2831847613
    09-27
  • ISO 4252:1992

    ISO 4252:1992 - Agricultural tractors -- Operator's workplace, access and exit -- Dimensions
    09-27