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IEC/TS 61973
Edition 1.0 2012-04
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
High voltage direct current (HVDC) substation audible noise
IEC/TS 61973:2012(E)
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IEC/TS 61973
Edition 1.0 2012-04
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
colour
inside
High voltage direct current (HVDC) substation audible noise
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XC
ICS 29.240.10; 29.240.99 ISBN 978-2-8322-0077-3
– 2 – TS 61973 © IEC:2012(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 7
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 10
3.1 Sound and noise terms . 10
3.2 Sound radiation terms . 14
3.3 Acoustic fields . 16
4 Environmental influences . 16
4.1 General . 16
4.2 Directivity of sound radiation . 16
4.3 Background noise . 17
4.4 Topography . 19
4.5 Meteorological conditions . 20
5 Noise level limits . 21
5.1 General . 21
5.2 Regulations . 22
5.2.1 Noise level limits . 22
5.2.2 Noise level measurement . 22
5.3 Land-use classifications . 22
5.4 Location of required performance limits . 23
5.4.1 General . 23
5.4.2 At the fence surrounding the HVDC substation or at the border of the
substation owner’s property . 23
5.4.3 At the given contour away from the HVDC substation (e.g. on a circle
perimeter or beyond a property border line) . 23
5.4.4 At the border of a nearby property . 23
5.5 Relationship of performance limits to time duration. 24
5.6 Typical noise performance limits . 24
5.6.1 General . 24
5.6.2 Specific A-weighted sound pressure levels . 24
5.6.3 Maximum allowable increase over background noise levels . 24
6 Sound emitting sources . 25
6.1 General . 25
6.2 Converter transformer . 25
6.2.1 Noise sources in a converter transformer . 25
6.2.2 Comparison with a.c. power transformers . 26
6.2.3 Special features of HVDC converter transformers . 26
6.2.4 Transformer winding noise. 27
6.3 Reactors . 28
6.3.1 Type and design of HVDC reactors . 28
6.3.2 Mechanism of sound generation . 28
6.3.3 AC filter reactors . 33
6.3.4 HVDC smoothing reactors . 34
6.3.5 Self-tuned filter reactors . 35
6.4 Capacitors . 36
6.4.1 Type and design of capacitors . 36
TS 61973 © IEC:2012(E) – 3 –
6.4.2 Mechanism of sound generation . 36
6.5 Cooling fans . 39
6.6 Other sound-emitting sources . 40
6.6.1 Switching devices . 40
6.6.2 Synchronous compensators . 41
6.6.3 Diesel generators . 41
6.6.4 Air conditioning plant . 41
6.6.5 Cooling circuit pumps . 41
6.6.6 Converter valves . 41
6.6.7 Air compressors . 42
6.6.8 Corona sources . 42
6.7 Typical sound power levels of sound emitting sources . 42
7 Sound reduction measures . 42
7.1 General . 42
7.2 Substation layout . 43
7.2.1 General . 43
7.2.2 Transformers and tanked reactors . 43
7.2.3 Air-cored reactors . 43
7.2.4 Capacitors . 44
7.2.5 Cooling fans . 44
7.2.6 Diesel generators . 44
7.2.7 Switching devices . 44
7.2.8 Air conditioning plant . 44
7.2.9 Corona sources . 44
7.2.10 Synchronous compensators . 44
7.3 Component design . 45
7.3.1 General . 45
7.3.2 Transformers and tanked reactors . 45
7.3.3 Air-cored reactors . 45
7.3.4 Capacitors . 45
7.3.5 Cooling fans . 46
7.3.6 Pumps and diesel generators . 46
7.3.7 Switching devices . 46
7.3.8 Air-conditioning plant . 46
7.3.9 High voltage connections . 46
7.4 Sound enclosures . 46
7.4.1 General . 46
7.4.2 Transformers and tanked-reactors . 46
7.4.3 Air-cored reactors . 47
7.4.4 Capacitors . 47
7.5 Retrofitable techniques . 48
7.5.1 Enclosures . 48
7.5.2 Damping . 48
7.5.3 Active noise and vibration mitigation . 48
8 Operating conditions . 48
8.1 General . 48
8.2 Normal operating conditions . 49
8.3 Exceptional operating conditions . 50
8.4 Operating conditions specified for verification. 51
– 4 – TS 61973 © IEC:2012(E)
9 Sound level prediction . 51
9.1 General . 51
9.2 Modelling of plant . 52
9.2.1 General . 52
9.2.2 Layout . 52
9.2.3 Source .
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