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IEC 61400-24
Edition 2.0 2019-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Wind energy generation systems –
Part 24: Lightning protection
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IEC 61400-24
Edition 2.0 2019-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Wind energy generation systems –
Part 24: Lightning protection
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 27.180 ISBN 978-2-8322-6599-4
– 2 – IEC 61400-24:2019 © IEC 2019
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 11
1 Scope . 13
2 Normative references . 13
3 Terms and definitions . 15
4 Symbols and units . 21
5 Abbreviated terms . 24
6 Lightning environment for wind turbine . 25
6.1 General . 25
6.2 Lightning current parameters and lightning protection levels (LPL) . 25
7 Lightning exposure assessment . 26
7.1 General . 26
7.2 Assessing the frequency of lightning affecting a single wind turbine or a
group of wind turbines . 28
7.2.1 Categorization of lightning events . 28
7.2.2 Estimation of average number of lightning flashes to a single or a group
of wind turbines . 28
7.2.3 Estimation of average annual number of lightning flashes near the wind
turbine (N ) . 31
M
7.2.4 Estimation of average annual number of lightning flashes to the service
lines connecting the wind turbines (N ) . 32
L
7.2.5 Estimation of average annual number of lightning flashes near the
service lines connecting the wind turbine (N ) . 32
I
7.3 Assessing the risk of damage . 33
7.3.1 Basic equation . 33
7.3.2 Assessment of risk components due to flashes to the wind turbine (S1) . 34
7.3.3 Assessment of the risk component due to flashes near the wind turbine
(S2) . 34
7.3.4 Assessment of risk components due to flashes to a service line
connected to the wind turbine (S3) . 35
7.3.5 Assessment of risk component due to flashes near a service line
connected to the wind turbine (S4) . 35
8 Lightning protection of subcomponents . 36
8.1 General . 36
8.1.1 Lightning protection level (LPL) . 36
8.1.2 Lightning protection zones (LPZ) . 37
8.2 Blades . 37
8.2.1 General . 37
8.2.2 Requirements . 37
8.2.3 Verification . 38
8.2.4 Protection design considerations . 38
8.2.5 Test methods . 41
8.3 Nacelle and other structural components . 42
8.3.1 General . 42
8.3.2 Hub . 42
8.3.3 Spinner . 42
8.3.4 Nacelle . 43
8.3.5 Tower . 43
8.3.6 Verification methods . 44
8.4 Mechanical drive train and yaw system . 44
8.4.1 General . 44
8.4.2 Bearings . 44
8.4.3 Hydraulic systems . 45
8.4.4 Spark gaps and sliding contacts . 46
8.4.5 Verification . 46
8.5 Electrical low-voltage systems and electronic systems and installations . 46
8.5.1 General . 46
8.5.2 Equipotential bonding within the wind turbine . 50
8.5.3 LEMP protection and immunity levels . 51
8.5.4 Shielding and line routing . 52
8.5.5 SPD protection . 53
8.5.6 Testing methods for system immunity tests . 57
8.6 Electrical high-voltage (HV) power systems . 57
9 Earthing of wind turbines . 59
9.1 General . 59
9.1.1 Purpose and scope . 59
9.1.2 Basic requirements . 59
9.1.3 Earth electrode arrangements . 59
9.1.4 Earthing system impedance . 60
9.2 Equipotential bonding . 60
9.2.1 General . 60
9.2.2 Lightning equipotential bonding for metal installations . 60
9.3 Structural components . 61
9.3.1 General . 61
9.3.2 Metal tubular type tower . 61
9.3.3 Metal reinforced concrete towers . 61
9.3.4 Lattice tower . 61
9.3.5 Systems inside the tower . 62
9.3.6 Concrete foundation . 62
9.3.7 Rocky area foundation . 62
9.3.8 Metal mono-pile foundation . 63
9.3.9 Offshore foundation . 63
9.4 Electrode shape dimensions . 63
9.5 Execution and maintenance of the earthing system . 64
10 Personal safety . 64
11 Documentation of lightning protection system . 66
11.1 General . 66
11.2 Documentation necessary during assessment for design evaluation. 66
11.2.1 General . 66
11.2.2 General documentation . 66
11.2.3 Documentation for rotor blades . 66
11.2.4 Documentation of mechanical systems . 67
11.2.5 Documentation of electrical and electronic systems . 67
11.2.6 Documentation of earthing and bonding systems . 67
11.2.7 Documentation of nacelle cover, hub and tower lightning protection
systems . 67
11.3 Site-specific information . 68
11.4 Documentation to be provided in the manuals for LPS inspections . 68
– 4 – IEC 61400-24:2019 © IEC 2019
11.5 Manuals . 68
12 Inspection of lightning protection system . 68
12.1 Scope of inspection . 68
12.2 Order of inspections .
...