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TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 80004-6
Second edition
2021-03
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary —
Part 6:
Nano-object characterization
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulaire —
Partie 6: Caractérisation des nano-objets
Reference number
ISO/TS 80004-6:2021(E)
©
ISO 2021
ISO/TS 80004-6:2021(E)
© ISO 2021
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ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
ISO/TS 80004-6:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions (General terms) . 1
4 Terms related to size and shape measurement . 3
4.1 Terms related to measurands for size and shape . 3
4.2 Terms related to scattering techniques . 4
4.3 Terms related to aerosol characterization . 6
4.4 Terms related to separation techniques . 7
4.5 Terms related to microscopy . 9
4.6 Terms related to surface area measurement .12
5 Terms related to chemical analysis .13
6 Terms related to measurement of other properties .18
6.1 Terms related to mass measurement .18
6.2 Terms related to thermal measurement .18
6.3 Terms related to crystallinity measurement .19
6.4 Terms related to charge measurement in suspensions .19
Bibliography .21
Index .23
ISO/TS 80004-6:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 229, Nanotechnologies, in collaboration
with Technical Committee IEC/TC 113, Nanotechnology for electrotechnical products and systems
and with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 352,
Nanotechnologies, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN
(Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 80004-6:2013), which has been
technically revised throughout.
A list of all parts in the ISO/TS 80004 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
ISO/TS 80004-6:2021(E)
Introduction
Measurement and instrumentation techniques have effectively opened the door to modern
nanotechnology. Characterization is key to understanding the properties and function of all nano-
objects.
Nano-object characterization involves interactions between people with different backgrounds
and from different fields. Those interested in nano-object characterization might, for example, be
materials scientists, biologists, chemists or physicists, and might have a background that is primarily
experimental or theoretical. Those making use of the data extend beyond this group to include
regulators and toxicologists. To avoid any misunderstandings, and to facilitate both comparability and
the reliable exchange of information, it is essential to clarify the concepts, to establish the terms for use
and to establish their definitions.
The terms are classified under the following broad headings:
— Clause 3: General terms;
— Clause 4: Terms related to size and shape measurement;
— Clause 5: Terms related to chemical analysis;
— Clause 6: Terms related to measurement of other properties.
These headings are intended as a guide only, as some techniques can determine more than one property.
Subclause 4.1 lists the overarching measurands that apply to the rest of Clause 4. Other measurands are
more technique-specific and are placed in the text adjacent to the technique.
It should be noted that most techniques require analysis in a non-native state and involve sample
preparation, e.g. placing the nano-objects on a surface or placing them in a specific fluid or vacuum.
This could change the nature of the nano-objects.
The order of the techniques in this document should not be taken to indicate a preference and the
techniques listed in this document are not intended to be exhaustive. Equally, some of the techniques
listed in this document are more popular than others in their usage in analysing certain properties of
nano-objects. Table 1 lists alphabetically the common techniques for nano-object characterization.
Subclause 4.5 provides definitions of microscopy methods and related terms. When abbreviated terms
are used, note that the final “M”, given as “microscopy”, can also mean “microscope” depending on the
context. For definitions relating to the microscope, the word “method” can be replaced by the word
“instrument” where that appears.
Clause 5 provides definitions of terms related to chemical analysis. For these abbreviated terms, note
that the final “S”, given as “spectroscopy”, can also mean “spectrometer” depending on the context. For
definitions relating to the spectrometer, the word “method” can be replaced by the word “instrument”
where that appears.
This document is intended to serve as a starting reference for the vocabulary that underpins
measurement and characterization efforts in the field of nanotechnologies.
ISO/TS 80004-6:2021(E)
Table 1 — Alphabetical list of the common techniques for nano-object characterization
Property Common techniques
Size centrifugal liquid sedimentation (CLS)
atomic-force microscopy (AFM)
differential mobility analysing system (DMAS)
dynamic light scattering (DLS)
variants of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)
particle tracking analysis (PTA)
scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)
transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
Shape atomic-force microscopy (AFM)
scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
Surface area Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method
“Surface” chemistry Raman spectroscopy
secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS)
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
Chemistry of the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)
“bulk” sample
inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
Crystallinity selected area electron diffraction (SAED)
X-ray diffraction (XRD)
Electrokinetic electrophoretic mobility
potential in
suspensions
vi © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 80004-6:2021(E)
Nanotechnologies — Vocabulary —
Part 6:
Nano-object characterization
1 Scope
This document defines terms related to the characterization of nano-objects in the field of
nanotechnologies.
It is intended to facilitate communication between organizations and individuals in research, industry
and other interested parties and those who interact with them.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions (General terms)
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
nanoscale
length range approximately from 1 nm to 100 nm
Note 1 to entry: Properties that are not extrapolations from a larger size are predominantly exhibited in this
length range.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 80004-1:2015, 2.1]
3.2
nano-object
discrete piece of material with one, two or three external dimensions in the nanoscale (3.1)
Note 1 to entry: The second and third external dimensions are orthogonal to the first dimension and to each other.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 80004-1:2015, 2.5]
3.3
nanoparticle
nano-object (3.2) with all external dimensions in the nanoscale (3.1) where the lengths of the longest
and the shortest axes of the nano-object do not differ significantly
Note 1 to entry: If the dimensions differ significantly (typically by more than three times), terms such as nanofibre
(3.6) or nanoplate (3.4) may be preferred to the term “nanoparticle”.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 80004-2:2015, 4.4]
ISO/TS 80004-6:2021(E)
3.4
nanoplate
nano-object (3.2) with one external dimension in the nanoscale (3.1) and the other two external
dimensions significantly larger
Note 1 to entry: The larger external dimensions are not necessarily in the nanoscale.
Note 2 to entry: See 3.3, Note 1 to entry.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 80004-2:2015, 4.6]
3.5
nanorod
solid nanofibre (3.6)
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 80004-2:2015, 4.7]
3.6
nanofibre
nano-object (3.2) with two external dimensions in the nanoscale (3.1) and the third dimension
significantly larger
Note 1 to entry: The largest external dimension is not necessarily in the nanoscale.
Note 2 to entry: The terms “nanofibril” and “nanofilament” can also be used.
Note 3 to entry: See 3.3, Note 1 to entry.
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 80004-2:2015, 4.5]
3.7
nanotube
hollow nanofibre (3.6)
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 80004-2:2015, 4.8]
3.8
quantum dot
nanoparticle (3.3) or region which exhibits quantum confinement in all three spatial directions
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 80004-12:2016, 4.1, modified — Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.9
particle
minute piece of matter with defined physical boundaries
Note 1 to entry: A physical boundary can also be described as an interface.
Note 2 to entry: A particle can move as a unit.
Note 3 to entry: This general particle definition applies to nano-obj
...