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ISO/IEC 30165
Edition 1.0 2021-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Internet of things (IoT) – Real-time IoT framework
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ISO/IEC 30165
Edition 1.0 2021-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Internet of things (IoT) – Real-time IoT framework
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 33.020 ISBN 978-2-8322-9897-8
– 2 – ISO/IEC 30165:2021 © ISO/IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 5
3.1 Terms and definitions . 5
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 5
4 Conceptual model . 6
4.1 General . 6
4.2 The six domains . 6
4.3 Edge sub-system . 6
4.4 Timing constraints . 7
5 Viewpoints of RT-IoT system conceptual model . 7
5.1 Time view . 7
5.1.1 General . 7
5.1.2 Clock synchronization . 8
5.1.3 Timestamp . 8
5.1.4 Time granularity . 8
5.1.5 Timeout handling . 9
5.2 Communication view . 9
5.2.1 General . 9
5.2.2 Bandwidth management. 10
5.2.3 Latency and jitter . 10
5.2.4 Redundancy . 10
5.2.5 Priority . 10
5.3 Control view . 10
5.3.1 General . 10
5.3.2 Physical safety . 11
5.3.3 Reliability. 11
5.3.4 Accuracy . 11
5.3.5 Fault tolerance. 11
5.3.6 Closed loop control . 11
5.4 Computation view . 12
5.4.1 General . 12
5.4.2 Real-time task model . 12
5.4.3 Real-time operating systems . 12
5.4.4 Real-time databases . 13
5.4.5 Task scheduling and resource management . 13
5.4.6 Distributed computing . 13
Annex A (informative) State of the technology. 14
Bibliography . 15
Figure 1 – RT-IoT system conceptual model . 6
Figure 2 – RT-IoT system time view . 8
Figure 3 – RT-IoT system communication view . 9
Figure 4 – RT-IoT system control view . 11
Figure 5 – RT-IoT system computation view . 12
INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) –
REAL-TIME IoT FRAMEWORK
FOREWORD
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ISO/IEC 30165 has been prepared by subcommittee 41: Internet of Things and Digital Twin, of
ISO/IEC joint technical committee 1: Information technology. It is an International Standard.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
JTC1-SC41/216/FDIS JTC1-SC41/229/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1, available at /members_experts/refdocs
and www.iso.org/directives.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
– 4 – ISO/IEC 30165:2021 © ISO/IEC 2021
INTRODUCTION
This document addresses a special kind of IoT system operating in real-time that is called real-
time IoT (RT-IoT) systems.
The correct behaviour of a real-time system depends not only on the logical correctness, but
also on the timeliness of its actions. Design and development of a real-time system are different
from conventional computer systems in terms of real-time OS, embedded development, task
scheduling, etc.
[1] emphasizes the requirements of timeliness and predictability in real-time systems as
follows.
"The challenges and trade-offs faced by the designers of real-time systems are quite different
from those who design general purpose computing systems. To achieve the fundamental
requirements of timeliness and predictability, not only do conventional methods for scheduling
and resource management have to be redesigned, but new concepts that have not been
considered in conventional systems need to be added. New paradigms are necessary to specify
and validate real-time systems."
Lack of understanding of real-time systems could lead to unsuccessful RT-IoT system
deployment where real-time computation is required. A deployment of an RT-IoT system based
on the very general real-time capabilities defined in ISO/IEC 30141 [2] is not enough to fully
support real-time requirements. Therefore, it is important to complement the real-time
capabilities of IoT reference architecture for RT-IoT systems.
Basically, an RT-IoT system has features of a typical IoT system except real-time capability.
ISO/IEC 30141 explains real-time capability of an IoT system as follows:
– a characteristic of a system or mode of operation in which computation is performed during
the actual time that an external process occurs, in order that the computation results can be
used to control, monitor, or respond in a timely manner to the external process
Considering the characteristics of real-time capability, any IoT system embraces real-time
aspects
...