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IEC TR 62001-5
Edition 1.0 2021-08
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
High-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems – Guidance to the specification and
design evaluation of AC filters –
Part 5: AC side harmonics and appropriate harmonic limits for HVDC systems
with voltage sourced converters (VSC)
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IEC TR 62001-5
Edition 1.0 2021-08
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
High-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems – Guidance to the specification and
design evaluation of AC filters –
Part 5: AC side harmonics and appropriate harmonic limits for HVDC systems
with voltage sourced converters (VSC)
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.200 ISBN 978-2-8322-1008-2
– 2 – IEC TR 62001-5:2021 © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 8
INTRODUCTION . 10
1 Scope . 12
2 Normative references . 12
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 12
3.1 Terms and definitions. 12
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 13
4 Basic aspects of VSC HVDC harmonics . 14
4.1 General . 14
4.2 Differences between VSC and LCC harmonic behaviour . 15
4.3 Issues relating to VSC harmonics . 16
4.4 Range of frequencies considered . 17
4.5 Equivalent circuit of the converter for harmonic analysis . 18
4.6 Dual impact of a VSC converter on harmonic distortion at PCC . 19
4.6.1 General . 19
4.6.2 Converter generated harmonics . 19
4.6.3 Pre-existing harmonics . 20
4.6.4 Combining the effects of converter-generated and pre-existing
harmonics . 21
5 Harmonic generation . 22
5.1 General . 22
5.2 Factors influencing harmonic generation . 23
5.2.1 General . 23
5.2.2 Converter topology . 23
5.2.3 Control . 25
5.2.4 Power electronics hardware . 27
5.3 Harmonic generation . 29
5.3.1 General . 29
5.3.2 Harmonic generation from VSC using switch type valves . 29
5.3.3 Harmonic generation from VSC using controllable voltage source type
valves . 38
5.4 Interharmonics . 44
5.5 Impact of non-ideal conditions on harmonic generation . 47
6 VSC HVDC as a harmonic impedance . 48
6.1 General . 48
6.2 Passive impedance . 49
6.3 Active impedance. 49
6.3.1 General . 49
6.3.2 Ideal VSC behaviour . 49
6.3.3 Impact of practical control system features . 50
6.3.4 Example of impact of control . 51
6.4 Impact on amplification of pre-existing harmonics . 52
7 Adverse effects of VSC HVDC harmonics . 53
7.1 General . 53
7.2 Telephone interference . 54
7.2.1 General . 54
7.2.2 Extended higher frequency range of VSC harmonics . 54
7.2.3 Interharmonics . 54
7.2.4 AC cable connecting HVDC station to the PCC . 55
7.3 PLC, metering and ripple control . 55
7.3.1 General . 55
7.3.2 Extended higher frequency range of VSC harmonics . 56
7.3.3 Interharmonics . 56
7.4 Railway signal interference . 57
7.5 Digital telecommunications systems . 57
8 Harmonic limits . 58
8.1 General . 58
8.2 Deleterious effects of excessively low limits . 58
8.3 Standards and practice . 59
8.4 Perception of VSC in setting limits . 60
8.5 Emission and amplification limits . 60
8.6 Relevance of standards for VSC . 61
8.7 Existing standards . 61
8.8 Higher frequency harmonics . 62
8.8.1 General . 62
8.8.2 IEEE Std 519-2014 [7] . 63
8.8.3 Shortcomings in the context of VSC . 64
8.9 Even order harmonic limits . 64
8.10 Interharmonics . 64
8.10.1 General . 64
8.10.2 Treatment of interharmonics in existing standards . 65
8.10.3 Discussion and recommendations . 66
8.11 Interharmonics discretization and grouping methodologies. 67
8.11.1 Suggested method . 67
8.11.2 Power quality indices for interharmonic grouping . 70
8.11.3 Network impedance loci for interharmonic grouping . 71
8.12 Assessment as a harmonic voltage or current source . 72
8.13 Assessment of THD, TIF, THFF, IT . 73
8.14 Measurement and verification of harmonic compliance . 74
8.15 Recommendations . 75
9 Harmonic mitigation techniques . 76
9.1 General . 76
9.2 Passive filtering . 76
9.3 Active damping and active filtering by converter control . 78
9.4 Optimization between passive and active mitigation . 79
9.5 Specific mitigation issues and techniques . 79
9.5.1 Unbalanced phase reactances or voltages . 79
9.5.2 Power oscillations due to AC supply voltage unbalance . 83
9.5.3 Harmonic cross-modulation between AC and DC sides . 85
9.5.4 Cross-modulation of DC side fundamental frequency current . 87
10 Modelling . 88
10.1 Provision of models . 88
10.2 Time and frequency domain . 88
10.3 Modelling of the converter control for harmonic and resonance studies . 89
10.4 Converter linearization by analytical approach . 90
10.4.1 General . 90
– 4 – IEC TR 62001-5:2021 © IEC 2021
10.4.2 VSC-MMC linearized model .
...