The gravitational potential energy of water is converted into kinetic energy and the water chases the turbine, and the turbine starts rotating if we connect the generator to the turbine, the generator can start producing electricity . If we raise the water level. to flush the turbine, we can see that the rotation speed of the hydraulic turbine increases. We therefore see that the greater the difference in water level, the higher the kinetic energy obtained by the hydraulic turbine, and the higher the electrical energy that can be raised. be converted. This is the basic principle of hydroelectric generation.
The energy conversion process is as follows: the conversion of the gravitational potential energy of the upstream water is the kinetic energy of the water flow when the water flow passes. through the turbine, it transfers kinetic energy to the steam turbine. The turbine drives the generator in rotation and convconverts kinetic energy into electrical energy.
Due to the different natural conditions of hydropower plants, the capacity and speed of the turbine generator set vary greatly. Usually, small hydrogenerators and high-speed hydrogenerators driven by impact turbines mainly adopt horizontal structures, while large and medium-speed generators. mainly adopt vertical structures. Since most hydroelectric plants are located far from cities, they usually have to power the load via long transmission lines. Therefore, the electrical system imposes higher requirements on the operational stability of the hydrogenerator: the engine parameters are necessary. to be selected carefully; The rotational inertia requirement is important. Therefore, the appearance of a hydrogenerator is different from thatof a steam turbine generator. Its rotor has a large diameter and a short length. The hydrogenerator unit requires a shorter start-up time. connects to the network and its operating programming is flexible. In addition to general electricity generation, it is particularly suitable as a peak shaving unit and as an emergency backup unit.