Submarines of different models and performances have different limits
The reason for this limit is that underwater, submarines must withstand enormous water pressure. The deeper the water, the higher the pressure. that when the endurance of the submarine is exceeded, it breaks up and becomes dangerous.
So people build different types of submarines based on different diving depth needs.
Ordinary military submarines can dive to a depth of about 300 meters, and Russia has a model capable of diving to about 1,000 meters.
Submarines specially designed for deep waters can currently dive to around 10,000 meters. The deepest place on earth is the Mariana Trench, at 11,034 meters. In this sense, specially designed submarines can dive to any depth of the seabed.
At what pdepth can a submarine generally dive?
On January 21, 1960, the unprecedented “Operation Plankton” in human history began. The American cruiser USS Lewis sailed majestically to the surface of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean and sprinted towards the Challenger Deep. Project leader Dr. Rechnice personally used the explosion probing method to find the deepest point and dropped a total of approximately 80,000 kilograms of explosives into the trench after countless recordings and calculations, finally at 8 a.m. two days. later, when people took 14 seconds to receive an echo after throwing the explosive into the depths of the sea, which is the longest time ever recorded. According to the speed of propagation of sound waves in sea water, the depth of the sea was measured to be 10,058 meters. This is why Trieste will dive here.
January 231960, Jay Bicart and US Navy Captain Walsh, who played the role of the protagonists of this adventure, towed the "Trieste" by boat to the Ten Thousand Word Abyss on the surface of the ocean.
At 8:23 a.m., the “Trieste” began to dive, entering a permanently silent but also noisy underwater world. There is no wind or waves here, but there are occasional rapids. There is a lack of bright sunshine, but there are many strange sea creatures. What kind of world will it be as we delve deeper? They were a little worried.
Ten minutes later we dove to 300 feet and paused to adjust buoyancy and check instruments. Everything was normal, so we continued diving carefully. After crossing a depth of 200 meters, the temperature and density of sea water change little. There is already a dark world around him, and it finally stopsent to stay and dives directly into the sea depths. In order to observe the luminous marine organisms as clearly as possible, they did not turn on the underwater lights. As a result, they only saw stars at two depths of 670 meters and 6,100 meters. Groups of phosphorescent plankton peered out of the observation window. .Fly. Perhaps the strange appearance of the deep submersible disturbed them and scared the sea creatures accustomed to living a peaceful life into fleeing. 75 minutes later, the submersible reached a depth of 1,600 meters and received a wireless call from the surface to inquire about the underwater situation. At 3,000 meters depth we had another clear conversation with the water surface. The dive went well. Walsh observed through the observation window that the surrounding seawater changed from clear and transparent to gray and gradually black as the temperature increased.grew.dark. At 11:30 a.m., when they reached a depth of 6,900 meters, Bikart turned on the searchlight. In the light beam underwater, they saw nothing, as if they were in an ethereal and ethereal space.
When they dove to a depth of 9,000 meters, a sudden crackling sound alarmed the two warriors, and the pressurized cabin also vibrated. Did it hit the bottom of the sea? No, it continues to decline. Bikat had a presentiment that a critical situation was going to occur. He quickly turned off all the instruments in the cabin. In the dead silence, he heard only a faint crackling coming from the cabin wall. Are these shrimp crawling outside the steel hull? No. Should we continue diving, or should we stop there? It seems to be a choice between life and death. The situation is very urgent, and if it fails, you will be buried in this abyss. How can you not be scary right now? However, theycalmly observed the development of the situation. Five minutes passed, the crackling did not reappear and all instruments were functioning normally. The two men made signs to each other that they would never back down.
When the dive reached a distance of 10,058 meters measured from the sound source of the explosion, the echo sounder still could not find the sound waves returning from the seafloor. You both looked at me and I looked at you, perplexed. The dive continued until the echo sounder received echo waves at 10,668 meters. Bikater judged that they were still 300 meters from the sea floor. The deep submersible slowly descended, and Walsh turned on all the lights, surrounded by a dark gray world. Suddenly, things like jellyfish and jellyfish appeared in Bikater's field of vision. The individuals were not large. When contacting the surface, the call was disconnected. They felt extVery nervous at this point, and everyone above and below the water was sweating.
At 1:06 p.m., the bathyscaphe finally completed the last leg of its journey. Its bottom gently touched the shallow seabed, taking humans deep into the ocean abyss, to a depth of 11,034 meters. Bikar grabbed the phone with excited hands and shouted. He had long forgotten that the phone was broken. Did you know that there is a thick layer of seawater covering the top of the deep submersible and the pressure it experiences can reach 150,000 tons! No wonder its diameter was compressed by 1.5 mm when it surfaced.
In this sunless world, the water is very cold, with a temperature of only 2.4 degrees Celsius. Under the light of the lamp, the two explorers saw with their own eyes that the soil here was yellow-brown and made of diatomaceous silt. I found a flat fish of approx.iron 30 centimeters long and 15 centimeters wide. His eyes were slightly protruding and he quickly sank into the soft mud. A red shrimp of about 2.5 centimeters was swimming freely in front of the window, as if welcoming visitors. In people's eyes, these little lives are harder than steel. It is truly an incredible miracle. In an instant, the debate over whether there was life in the ten thousand meter abyss was resolved. Later, deep-sea explorers also saw lilies that were once thought to be extinct, lobe-finned fish that went extinct 60 million years ago, and aquatic animals that even experienced marine biologists have not seen. could identify! This proves beyond doubt that life is not only active on land and in shallow waters, but also in the ocean and its deepest parts.
This is the first time that humans have reachedface the abyss.Both have a lot of work to do. In addition to testing the temperature of the abyss sea water at 33 degrees Celsius, it also verified that there is no water flow on the seabed and measured radioactive phenomena on the seabed in order to develop mineral resources on the seabed. Never discouraged at any point, Walsh picked up the phone and called: “We report on the seafloor that the depth of Challenger Deep is 11,034 meters. The report is complete, please call back! » Suddenly, a smile appeared on his face. It turned out that the phone Finally connected, the sound from the bottom of the sea finally reached the surface. Immediately afterwards, news of the conquest of the deepest abysses of the ocean spread through news agencies in the United States and around the world.
It was later discovered that the wireless call interruption was caused by a group of plankton. They were sodense that they blocked communication sound waves, causing a false alarm to those in contact.
When Walsh turned on the underwater light on the tail and looked out, he turned abruptly and said to Carter, "I know what that little noise is about. It's the input channel." "It turned out that the enormous water pressure caused this terrible episode. In this high-pressure world of 1,100 atmospheres, the pressure chamber supports a total pressure of 150,000 tons. The diameter of the chamber pressure appeared. The hard metal shell is compressed by 1.5 mm! The removal of the metal grooves at the junction of the observation windows finally caused cracks to appear on the plexiglass, clearly visible in the light <. /p>
These two false alarms shortened the scientific investigation by reducing the stay time of the deep submersible on the seabed from the initially planned 30 minutes to 20 minutes Bikart a app.uyed the button to launch ballast projectiles, and a pile of iron pellets poured out from the lower part of the floating body, falling into the seabed sediment like talcum powder, throwing up a cloud of dust, spreading and boiling upwards. Then the deep submersible floated like a balloon.
It took almost three hours to float. At 3:56 p.m., the “Trieste” finally surfaced. Fifteen minutes later, the two explorers emerged from the pressure chamber and stood on the deck of the deep submersible. The American plane was circling at low altitude. After discovering that the "Trieste" was floating, it immediately fired a salute and swung its wings to pay tribute to the heroes! In the distance, a destroyer came running to welcome the returned explorers with great honors. Later, when people asked Jay Bikater what he thought about his trip to the Mariana Trench, he responded proudly.rement: “We have found the key to the sea gate and humanity has conquered the sea depths. Bikater's response was not an exaggeration. People still remember that when the plane took off in the sky, some scientists sighed: there is a way to the sky, but there is no way to the sea. Now people have no no more fear of not being able to access the sea. The key to the door to the sea is courageous people combined with cutting-edge technology.
Yes, deep-sea explorers are a special group of people. They are courageous and daring, love exploration, have the conviction to overcome all difficulties and obstacles, and are ready to seek knowledge in uninhabited and desperate places. places. Pioneer of scientific progress.
Jacques, the son of August, also father of Picard, piloted a submarine to create the most profound miracle in history,reaching a depth of 10,915 meters on the seabed.
CurrentlyThe deepest personal diving record can only reach more than 300 meters. Although the deepest dive record by a military submarine reached 10,000 meters, this depth is the same as the currently known deepest point in the world ocean - the Mariana Trench in the western Pacific. The depth of the abyss is 11,034 meters, which is equivalent to seabed activities, but it is still very difficult to carry out sightseeing tours, and the deepest of ordinary sightseeing submarines is only a few hundred meters.