Principles of thermal power generation A thermal power plant is a factory that uses coal, oil and natural gas as fuel to produce electrical energy. Its basic production process is as follows: fuel is burned in the boiler to heat water for processing. into steam, and the chemical energy of the fuel is converted into thermal energy. Steam Pressure turns the steam turbine, and the thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy. Then the steam turbine drives the generator to rotate, converting the mechanical energy. in electrical energy. Its classification is as follows: according to fuel, coal-fired power plants, oil-fired power plants, gas-fired power plants, waste heat power plants and industrial waste-fired power plants; depending on the pressure and temperature of the steam, power plantsmedium and low pressure power plants (3.92 MPa, 450 degrees), high pressure power plants (9.9 MPa, 540 degrees), ultra high pressure power plants (13.83 MPa, 540 degrees), pressure power subcritical pressure plant (16.77 MPa, 540 degrees), supercritical pressure power plant (22.11 MPa, 550 degrees); according to the main engine, condensing steam turbine power plant, gas turbine power plant, internal combustion engine power plant, steam power plant. turbine power plants, etc., depending on the energy produced, condensing power plants (generating electricity only), thermal power plants (electricity generation and heat supply, small capacity power plants (less than 100 MW); medium capacity power plants (100 to 250 MW), large and medium capacity power plants (250 to 1,000 MW), large capacity power plantscited (above 1,000 MW); the largest thermal power plant in China at present: the Zhejiang Beilun Port Power Plant, with an installed capacity of 3 million KW (or 3000 MW), 5 units of 600,000 KW (600 MW). The principle of hydropower is to use water with potential energy or kinetic energy to flush the turbine, and the turbine starts to rotate if we connect a generator to the turbine, the generator can start to produce electricity. If we raise the water level to flush the turbine, we can see that the speed of the turbine increases. Therefore, it can be seen that the greater the water level difference, the greater the kinetic energy obtained by the turbine and the greater the electrical energy that can be converted. This is the basic principle of hydroelectric power.
The energy conversion process is as follows: the gravitational potential energy of the aeu upstream is converted into kinetic energy of the water flow. As the water flow passes through the hydraulic turbine, kinetic energy is transferred to the steam. turbine. The hydraulic turbine drives the generator to rotate and converts kinetic energy into electrical energy. It is therefore the process of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Due to the different natural conditions of hydropower plants, the capacity and speed of hydroelectric generator set vary greatly. Generally, small hydrogenerators and high-speed hydrogenerators driven by impact turbines mainly adopt horizontal structures, while large and medium-speed generators mainly adopt vertical structures (see figure). Since most hydroelectric plants are located far from cities, they usually have to supply the load via long linestransmission. Therefore, the power system imposes higher requirements on the operational stability of the hydroelectric generator: the engine parameters must be carefully selected. ; The required moment of inertia is large. The appearance of a hydrogenerator is therefore different from that of a steam turbine generator. Its rotor has a large diameter and a short length. The hydrogenerator unit requires a short time to start and connect to the grid, and the operation schedule is flexible. In addition to general electricity generation, it is particularly suitable as a peak shaving unit and as an emergency backup unit. The maximum capacity of the hydrogenerator unit reached 700,000 kilowatts. A nuclear power plant produces electricityPrinciple 1. There are 3 locations: reaction vessel (the nuclear fuel reacts here), steam generator, steam turbine
2. There are 2 locationskeys: 1 loop (or “nuclear island”) connects the reaction vessel and steam generator, 2 loops (or “conventional island”) connects the steam generator and the steam turbine
3 Process:
(1) When the cooling water from loop 1 circulates in the. reaction vessel, absorbs the heat of the nuclear reaction and the temperature increases; when it passes through the steam generator, it transfers the heat to the water in the 2nd loop, and at the same time the temperature drops and returns to the reaction vessel. to absorb the heat again.
(2) When the water from the 2nd loop passes through the steam generator, it absorbs heat from the cooling water from the 1st loop and turns into water vapor. It then enters the steam turbine and drives the steam. steam turbine to turn. The steam turbine drives the generator through a shaft. The rotor spins to produce electricity; once the steam eWhen worked in the turbine, it turns into liquid water and returns to the steam generator to absorb heat again.
The water in the two circuits of the steam generator is always separated to ensure that the second circuit is not radioactive. I hope this will be useful to you. Thank you for adopting.