Basic knowledge
Rule 1: Establishing the law of conservation of energy
None of the different phenomena of nature are isolated. But they are linked to each other. After long-term exploration, scientists discovered that the concept of energy can reflect this connection from a certain point of view and established one of the most universal laws of nature in the 19th century: the law of conservation energy.
Energy conversion is very generally, various forms of energy can be converted into each other under certain conditions. A large number of facts tell us that in the process of converting any form of energy into other forms of energy, the amount of energy consumed from one form will result in the amount of other forms of energy obtained, and the total amount of energy remains unchanged.
Rule 2: Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy is neither destroyed nor created. She cannot bee as converted from one form to another, or transferred from one object to another. object, while during the process of transformation and transfer, the total amount of energy remains unchanged.
Rule 3: The importance of the law of conservation of energy
The law of conservation of energy is one of the most common and fundamental laws important to nature. From physics and chemistry to geology and biology, including cosmic objects. As small as the interior of an atomic nucleus, as long as there is energy conversion, it must obey the law of conservation of energy. From daily life to scientific research and technological engineering, this law plays an important role. Humanity's use of various energies, such as coal, oil and other fuels, as well as hydropower, wind power, nuclear power, etc., is through the conversion of energy. The law of conservatorshipEnergy ion is a powerful weapon for humans to understand and use nature.
Typical Examples
Example Please indicate the transformation and transfer of energy in the following phenomena
1. Friction generates heat; Gas expansion works; 3. The turbine of the hydroelectric power station drives the generator to produce electricity; 4. Electric water pump pumps water to high places; Plant photosynthesis; 6. Combustion of fuel;7. Firecrackers were lifted into the air due to the explosion of gunpowder 8. The wind pushes the sailboat forward.
Analysis: First of all, distinguish between the process and the form of energy before and after the process, as well as its increase and decrease.
1. Friction generates heat and mechanical energy is converted into internal energy;
2. When the gas expands externally it works, the internal energydecreases and the internal energy is converted into mechanical energy;
3. The turbine rotates and consumes mechanical energy, the generator generates electricity and obtains electrical energy, and the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy;
4. The electric water pump consumes electrical energy to pump water to a high place, the mechanical energy is increased, and the electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy;
5. Plants use sunlight to perform chemical synthesis and convert light energy into chemical energy;
6. Fuel burns to produce heat and light, converting chemical energy into light energy and heat energy;
7. When the gunpowder explodes, the chemical energy decreases, when the firecrackers take off, the mechanical energy increases, and the chemical energy is converted into mechanical energy;
8. The wind flow has energy mananique, and the ship moving forward has mechanical energy, and the energy is transferred.
I saw a generator on the Internet today called an air power generator, which consumes 1 kilowatt hour of energy. electricity and can generate 30 kilowatt hours of electricity, wouldn't it become a perpetual motion machine? true or false? I saw it
Absolutely not~!
Because it is then necessary to convert 100% of the kinetic energy of the water into electrical energy. In fact, it's good to convert 10% of it. It is very simple. Only a small part of the 100 tonnes that flow. of the reservoir can result in the production of electricity. The unit is not counted as a loss. The result must be that the electricity generated by a certain amount of water cannot discharge the same amount of water.
You talk about the “perpetual motion machine” that people have aspired to study and invent for centuries. You can search for the word and seeez that scientific knowledge lags behind the modern era. graphics, some of which look like jokes. Just like people in the future will see us now.
Personally, I think “perpetual motion” is a myth, but it should also be a goal. Perhaps tens of thousands of years later, human energy consumption will be close to zero, but "perpetual motion" is a goal. is still a myth and a target.
But even if people end up conceiving of "perpetual motion", it makes no sense, because since it is perpetual motion, the energy produced is equal to the energy consumed, and the energy produced when consumed is equal to the energy originally produced, so Such a thing, if you ask it to do another job, it will stop moving forever. It can only sustain itself and is it useful to society?
I rememberthat there was a book called "Interesting Physics", which featured many "perpetual motion machines" designed by people in the past. Among them, the closest to "perpetual motion" is probably a drinking duck. I remember the structure. I forgot the principle and what the liquid was in the test tube. The ultimate failure was that it still had to rely on external light, temperature and water. It was incredible that people of that time could conceive of this.
A classmate used such a device to produce electricity: building a large swimming pool at a certain height above the ground.
Technologies currently referred to as "air energy" in The company includes: There are two types: one is pseudo-science and misleading, and the other is real science and can save energy.
The first actually uses compressed air to do its job. At theOriginally, it is simply a way of storing energy, because energy must first be consumed to compress the air, and the work output may then actually be less than what was consumed previously. But propagandists falsely claimed that they could "get energy from the air" to produce more work (so they claimed it was "energy from the air"). This type of propaganda is a “perpetual motion” scam, similar to the previous “water to oil” scam. Such as Xiangtian's "Aerodynamic Core Energy", Beijing Huada Brothers Company's Kangbu Pneumatic Generator, etc.
The latter (called air energy heating) is not used to carry out work, but only to provide heat. It uses the principle of a heat pump to consume energy (electricity) and at the same time extract part of the heat from the ambient air and transmit itre to users who need heat at the same time as the heat it consumes. This technology significantly reduces energy waste compared to the old method of simply "burning electricity to generate heat" and has energy saving significance.
However, this technology can only reduce waste compared to older technologies when it provides heat, and cannot extract energy from the air that can be used to perform the work. This is due toDetermined by the second law of thermodynamics.
Therefore, although the latter is a real technology, there are also flaws in the promotion, that is, the formulation of "air energy" can easily lead to misunderstandings. It is difficult to understand that the laws of thermodynamics have. was overthrown and perpetual motion machines appeared, so they areused by scammers of the first type use it as “proof” to promote pseudoscience.
Refer to the message from “Air Energy”: “The so-called “Xiangtian Air Energy” is a pseudo-scientific scam. This has nothing to do with the air heating technology of this bar》
If it were feasible, wouldn't it be a perpetual motion machine?
This is not feasible. Even if it does not use part of the electrical energy for lighting, it is not feasible to reinject all the electrical energy into the pool.
The first. The explanation is the law of conservation of energy. The energy will not decrease even if it increases. It will only change from one energy to another.
Second explanation, if you don't understand the law of conservation of energy, let's calculate that the water in a large swimming pool located at a height has potential energy. Can a generator convert all the potential energy of energye potential. water into electrical energy? The answer is no. Ordinary generators only have 90%. Even if you want to reach this number, just think of it as 90%. Then you use electrical power to pump the water into the pool. Electricity pumps the water. Converted into potential energy, there is also a loss on the motor, and the overall loss is 10%. If you do the math, when you drain the water from the pool and then pump it out, the water that is in the pool is 10%. The swimming pool will only represent 81% of the original volume, not to mention the lighting? After a few laps, there will be no more water in your pool. Of course, in reality, in the first round, it's fine if your pool water is 50% of the original water.
So, don't do it fancy. Perpetual motion machine,