The energy conversion form of solar cells: mainly photovoltaic effect and photothermal conversion.
1. Photovoltaic effect
1. Solar panels absorb sunlight and produce photoelectric effects on the surface of the panels, converting light energy into electrical energy. In the photovoltaic effect, photons (solar energy) interact with atoms of a material, causing electrons to be released from the atoms. The released electrons create an electric current in the photovoltaic panel. Wires inside the panels capture these electrons and guide them along the circuit, creating direct current (DC).
2. Photothermal conversion: The solar collector converts the absorbed solar energy into thermal energy and converts the thermal energy into electrical energy by the reverse thermodynamic process. This process is commonnt in solar water heaters and solar heating systems.
3. In addition, although the photochemical conversion method can decompose solar energy into hydrogen and oxygen, and then use the combustion reaction to convert hydrogen into electrical energy, this method has limitations of insufficient light intensity. it is not widely used.
4. The process of converting solar energy into electrical energy must be carried out by photovoltaic effect or photothermal conversion. Different methods have different advantages and disadvantages, and the appropriate method should be selected according to different occasions. In addition to the photovoltaic effect and photothermal conversion mentioned above, solar cells also have other forms of energy conversion, such as photochemical conversion and photobiological conversion.
2. Photochemical conversionrong>
1. This conversion method uses solar energy to break down water or other compounds to produce chemicals such as hydrogen or organic fuels. These chemicals can be stored and converted into electricity when needed through methods such as fuel cells or combustion. The advantage of photochemical conversion is that it can solve the problems of intermittency and instability of solar energy, but the development and application of this technology is still in its infancy.
2. Photobiological Conversion: This is the process of converting solar energy into chemical energy using plant photosynthesis and then converting it into electrical energy via biofuels and other methods. This conversion method is sustainable and environmentally friendly, but the production and use of biofuels requires moreresearch and development.
3. Summary
There are different forms of energy conversion in solar cells, and different conversion methods have their own advantages and limitations. In specific applications, it is necessary to choose the appropriate conversion method according to the actual situation to achieve efficient solar energy utilization and sustainable energy development.
The form of solar energy conversion is
The solar water heater converts light energy into thermal energy. The relevant content is as follows:
Solar water heaters are divided into vacuum tube solar water heaters and flat plate solar water heaters according to their structural shapes. Vacuum tube solar water heaters are mainly used, occupying 95% of the domestic market share.
Dom solar water heatersVacuum tube fittings are composed of heat collecting tubes, water storage tanks, brackets and other related parts. The conversion of solar energy into thermal energy mainly relies on vacuum tubes which use the principle that hot water is used. floats and cold water sinks, causing microcirculation of water to obtain the required hot water.
1. Renewable Energy
Solar energy generally refers to radiant energy from sunlight. Solar energy is a renewable energy source in the broad sense. Energy on earth is the source of many energies on earth, such as wind energy, biomass energy, tidal energy, water potential energy, etc. The basic methods of using solar energy can be divided into four categories: thermal light use, electric light usee, the use of chemical light and the use of biological light. Among the four types of solar energy utilization methods, light-to-heat conversion technology is the most mature, has the most products, and is relatively inexpensive.
Such as: solar water heaters, water boilers, dryers, solar cookers, solar greenhouses, solar rooms, solar desalination devices and solar heating and cooling devices, etc.
Solar thermal power generation has a higher solar energy conversion efficiency than photovoltaic power generation, but its application is not yet mainstream. In photothermal conversion, the application of solar water heaters has the widest application range, the most advanced technology and the best economy.
2. Working principle
Sunlight passes through the first layer ofglass of the heat-absorbing tube and shines on the black heat-absorbing layer of the tube. second layer of glass. The thermal absorption of solar energy will be significantly reduced due to the vacuum insulation between the two glass layers (radiant heat transfer still exists, but there is no heat conduction or thermal convection) .
Most of the heat can only be transferred to the water in the glass tube, causing the water in the glass tube to warm up. The heated water will move gently upward along the heating surface of the glass tube and. Enter the insulated water storage bucket. The temperature in the bucket will be relatively high. The bottom water enters the glass tube along the backlight surface of the glass tube for replenishment. heated, thus achieving the purpose of hot water.
Electric energy, thermal energy, energywind, bioenergy, etc.
1. The representative of converting solar energy into electrical energy is the photovoltaic solar power generation panel. Photovoltaic power generation is a direct method that uses solar-grade solid-state electronic devices to efficiently absorb solar radiation. energy and convert it into electrical energy. The electricity generation method is the mainstream of solar power generation today.
2. The representative of the conversion of solar energy into thermal energy is a solar water heater. Sunlight passes through the first glass layer of the heat-absorbing tube and shines on the black heat-absorbing layer of the tube. second layer of glass, absorbing heat from solar energy, since the two layers of glass are vacuum insulated, the heat cannot be transferred to the outside, but can singlement be transferred to the water in the glass tube, heating the water inside. glass tube, and the heated water becomes lighter and rises along the heating surface of the glass tube into the thermal insulation water storage barrel, the relatively low temperature water in the barrel enters the glass tube along the backlight surface of the glass tube for replenishment This continuous cycle allows the water in the insulated water storage barrel to continue to heat.And achieve the goal of hot water .
Solar energy comes from celestial bodies outside the earth. This is the enormous energy released by the fusion of hydrogen nuclei in the sun at ultra-high temperatures. instantaneous and must be converted to other forms of energy immediately for use and storage. As a natural energy source, solar radiation has unique advantages due to its abundant reserves andits non-polluting nature. It is internationally recognized as one of the most competitive energy sources of the future.