New energy materials and devices can be used for: 1. Solar panels 2. Lithium-ion batteries 3. Fuel cells 4. Supercapacitors 5. Photocatalytic materials.
1. Solar panel
1. The solar panel absorbs sunlight and converts solar radiation energy directly or directly by photoelectric effect or photochemical effect. The main material of most solar panels is “silicon”. However, due to its high production cost, its widespread use still has certain limitations.
2. Compared with ordinary batteries and recyclable rechargeable batteries, solar cells are more energy-saving and environmentally friendly green products. New energy materials such as silicon, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), perovskite, etc. can be used pto make solar panels. These materials can convert sunlight into electrical energy, producing an electric current through the photovoltaic effect.
2. Lithium-ion battery
1. The lithium-ion battery is a secondary battery that primarily relies on the movement of lithium ions between positive and negative electrodes to function. Common lithium-ion batteries include lithium batteries and lithium-ion batteries.
2. Lithium-ion batteries, widely used in electric vehicles and portable electronic devices, use new energy materials to improve the energy density and charging efficiency of the battery. For example, the cathode material of lithium ion batteries may be lithium manganate, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, etc.
3. Fuel Cells
Fuel cells use energyhydrogen or other hydrogen sources to react chemically with oxygen to generate electrical energy. New energy materials such as proton exchange membranes (PEMs) and catalysts are often used to manufacture important components in fuel cells to improve conversion efficiency and power generation.
4. Supercapacitors
Supercapacitors use new energy materials such as activated carbon, titanium dioxide nanotubes, etc., and have high energy density and fast charging and discharging characteristics. They are widely used in the field of energy storage and can be used for instantaneous generation and energy harvesting of power systems.
5. Photocatalytic materials
Photocatalytic materials have the ability to catalyze chemical reactions under irradiation with lighte visible and can be used in areas such as photoelectrochemical water splitting for hydrogen production, air purification and organic wastewater treatment. For example, barium titanate, titanium dioxide, etc. are common photocatalytic materials.
What are the solar cells currently on the market?
Thin film solar cells include gallium arsenide, copper selenide, d indium and gallium, etc., simple copper indium There are also many types of gallium selenide. Every production process and process is different, so some produce pollution, but the pollution produced is much less than that caused by other solar cell production links. Let's start by understanding the advantages and disadvantages of thin film solar cells.
Thin film solar cell modules in sCopper, indium and gallium elenide have advantages in various indicators. The specific analysis is as follows:
1. by silicon raw materials Restrictions against bottlenecks in case of shortage;
2. Low energy consumption and no pollution in the production process.
3. The components are ecological and environmentally friendly: do not contain toxic elements;
4. Better low-light power generation performance: amorphous silicon cells in low-light conditions, such as not too much sunlight. Even in the morning, evening, cloudy days and when adjacent buildings are blocked, stable power output can be obtained to meet normal power requirements on cloudy and rainy days. The acceptance rate of scattered light is high, the. the utilization rate is high and is suitable for use in various fields;
< p>5. Good thermal stability: Under the same environmental conditions, amorphous silicon batteries have a lower temperature coefficient and excellent vol-ampere characteristics;< /p>6. At higher ambient temperatures, amorphous silicon solar cell modules exhibit better power generation performance. When a solar cell's operating temperature is higher than the standard testing temperature of 25°C, its optimal power output decreases, but amorphous silicon solar cells are much less affected by temperature than plastic solar cells. crystalline silicon;
7. Higher power output: Scientific data shows that under the same environmental conditions, the annual power output per kilowatt of amorphous silicon solar cells is about 15% higher than that of monocrystalline silicon;
8. Good blocking performanceances: With a small amount of shading, the power output is 40% to 50% higher than that of crystalline silicon, making it easy to apply in complex environments
9. integration: use large area glass for substrate can also be made into light-transmitting components with different light transmission and colors, with beautiful appearance and no light pollution.
Article source: Zhongyi Xingye, expert in thin-film solar technology
(1) Silicon solar cells
Cells Silicon solar cells are divided into monocrystalline silicon solar cells. There are three types of batteries, polycrystalline silicon thin-film solar cells and amorphous silicon thin-film solar cells.
(2) Multi-compound thin-film solar cell
The materials of multi-compound thin-film solar cells are saltss inorganic, which mainly include compounds of gallium III-V arsenide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium. sulfide and copper-indium-selenium thin film batteries, etc.
(3) Polymer multilayer modified electrode solar cells
Replacing inorganic materials with organic polymers is a research direction in solar cell manufacturing that is just emerging. to start. Due to the advantages of organic materials such as flexibility, ease of production, wide material sources and low cost, they are of great importance for the large-scale utilization of solar energy and electricity supply cheap. However, research into using organic materials to prepare solar cells is only just beginning. Neither the lifespan nor the efficiency of cells can be compared to those of inorganic materials, especiallysilicon cells. Whether it can become a product of practical importance remains to be studied and explored in more detail.
(4) Nanocrystalline solar cells
Nano-TiO2 crystal chemical solar cells are newly developed, and their advantages lie in low cost, simple process and stable performance. Its photoelectric efficiency is stable at more than 10%, and its production cost is only 1/5 to 1/10 of that of silicon solar cells. The lifespan can reach more than 20 years.
(5) Organic thin-film solar cells
Organic thin-film solar cells are solar cells whose core is composed of organic materials.Battery. It makes sense that not everyone is familiar with organic solar cells. More than 95% of solar cells mass-produced today are silicon-based, while the remaining less than 5% are also cmade of other inorganic materials.
(6) Dye-sensitized solar cells
Dye-sensitized solar cells attach pigment to TiO2 particles, then soak them in an electrolyte. The pigment is exposed to light and generates free electrons and holes. The free electrons are absorbed by TiO2, flow from the electrode to the external circuit, then pass through the electrical device, flow into the electrolyte and finally return to the pigment. The manufacturing cost of dye-sensitized solar cells is very low, making them very competitive. Its energy conversion efficiency is around 12%.