Surface texturing, diffusion knotting, etc. Cells are generally divided into monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon and amorphous silicon. Monocrystalline silicon solar cells are currently the most rapidly developed type of solar cell. Its structure and production process have been finalized, and its products have been widely used in space and on the ground. ground. The solar cell passivation process is generally divided into surface texturing, diffusion bonding, peripheral etching, silicon glass dephosphorization, anti-reflective film deposition, printed electrodes and sintering. This type of solar cell uses high purity monocrystalline silicon rods as raw material. In order to reduce production costs, solar cells for ground applications use solar-grade monocrystalline silicon rods, and material performance indicatorsx have been relaxed. Some may also use scraps and waste monocrystalline silicon materials from semiconductor device processing and then redesign them into monocrystalline silicon rods specifically for solar cells.
What is the production process of solar panels?
1. Tempered glass: Its function is to protect the main body of power generation (like battery cells). There are requirements for its light transmission selection. generally more than 91%), and ultra-white tempered treatment.
2. EVA: Used to bond and fix the tempered glass and the main body of power generation (battery sheet). The quality of the transparent EVA material directly affects the lifespan of the exposed EVA component. the air is prone to aging and yellowing. This affects the light transmission of the component.
This affects the quality of theenergy production of the module. In addition to the quality of the EVA itself, the module manufacturer's lamination process also has a big impact. For example, the adhesion degree of EVA is not high. to standards, as well as the bonding strength of EVA, tempered glass and backplane. If this is not enough, it will cause premature aging of the EVA and affect the life of the components.
3. Cells: The main function is to produce electricity. The main market for power generation is crystalline silicon solar cells and thin-film solar cells, both of which have their own advantages and disadvantages. The equipment cost of crystalline silicon solar cells is relatively low, but the consumption and costs of cells are high. However, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is also high, so it is more suitable to produce electricityicity under outdoor sunlight.
Thin film solar cells have relatively high equipment costs, but the consumption and battery costs are very low, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency is more than half of that of cells made of crystalline silicon, but the low light effect is very good, under ordinary light. Can also produce electricity, like solar cells in a calculator.
4. Backplate: function, sealing, insulation and waterproofing. Typically, TPT, TPE and other materials are used and must be resistant to aging. Most component manufacturers offer a 25-year warranty. Tempered glass and aluminum alloy generally pose no problem. .
5. Aluminum alloy: protects rolled parts and plays a certain sealing and supporting role.
6. Junction box: protects the entire systemth of electricity production and serves as a power transfer station. If any component is shorted, the junction box will automatically disconnect the shorted battery string to avoid burning. the entire system. The most critical part of the junction box is the diode. Diode selection depends on the cell type of the module.
7. Silica gel: sealing function, used to seal the junction between components and aluminum alloy frames, components and junction boxes. Some companies usually use double-sided tape and foam to replace silica gel. used in China., the process is simple, convenient, easy to operate, and the cost is very low.
The following describes two methods of manufacturing solar panels.
Solar panel manufacturing method (1)
The first step: first put titanium dioxide powder into a mortar and grindez it with the adhesive, then use a glass rod to slowly grind it on the conductive glass. Apply a film on top to make a titanium dioxide film. Put the titanium dioxide film under an alcohol lamp to sinter and solidify for 10-15 minutes, then let it cool. Step 2: Use natural dyes to color the titanium dioxide. .As the picture shows, put the fresh or frozen black plums, mountain plums, pomegranate seeds or black tea, use a large spoon to extract the juice, then put the titanium dioxide film to color. 5 minutes until the film layer turns dark purple. Whether both sides of the film layer are colored. If it is uneven, you can put it in and soak it for 5 minutes, then rinse it with ethanol and gently dry it.
Step 3: Make the positive and negative electrodes of the battery. It is composed of a layer ofThe SnO2 conductive film and a graphite layer are evenly covered on the conductive surface with a 6B pencil.
Step 4: Add electrolyte and use the solution containing iodide ions as the electrolyte of the solar cell. As the picture shows, just add one to two drops of electrolyte on the surface of the titanium dioxide film.
Step 5: Assemble the battery. Place the colored titanium dioxide film on the table, drop one or two drops of electrolyte containing iodine and iodide ions on the film, and then place the conductive surface of the negative electrode Press on the titanium dioxide membrane. Offset the two pieces of glass slightly so that the exposed part can be used as the electrode for the test. Use two pliers to tighten the battery and your solar battery is ready.
Step 6: Test the battery Under outdoor sunlight, a solar cell with open circuit voltaget of 0.4V and a short circuit current of 1mA/cm2 can be obtained.
Solar panel production method (2)
1. The first step is to connect the battery sheets in series with copper tape. A battery chip is equivalent to a small power generation unit, which can generate a current of 0.5V and 5.2A. By connecting a number of battery chips in series with copper strips, it is possible to obtain more energy production.
2. Then the battery parts must be sealed and isolated from air, otherwise they will gradually decompose until the generated power reaches zero. Therefore, the second step is to use tempered glass, EVA and backplate. After heating and vacuuming, the battery wafers can be sealed between the glass and the backplate.
3. However, tempered glass is not strong enough and is easily damaged, notablyt at the corners. Therefore, the third step is to place aluminum frames around it to protect it. After the above three steps, the solar panel is produced.
Detailed informationApplication fields of solar panels
User solar power supply:
(1) Small power supply ranging from 10 to 100 W, used in remote areas without electricity Such as plateaus, islands, pastoral areas, border posts and other military and civilian electricity, such as lighting, television, radio, etc. ;
(2) 3-5 kW grid-connected domestic rooftop power generation system;
(3) Photovoltaic water pump: solves the problem of watering and irrigation of deep water wells in areas without electricity.
2. Transportation field: such as navigation beacon lights, road/railway signal lights, warning/s lightssignaling, Yuxiang street lights, high-altitude obstacle lights, highway/railway wireless telephone booths, unattended road changes. food, etc.
3. Communication/communication field: unattended solar microwave relay station, optical cable maintenance station, broadcast/communication/messaging power supply system; rural operator telephone photovoltaic system, small communication machine, soldier GPS power supply, etc. .
4. Oil, ocean and weather fields: cathodic protected solar power systems for oil pipelines and reservoir valves, standby and standby power supplies for oil drilling platforms, ocean sensing equipment, weather observation equipment /hydrological, etc.
5. Lighting power: such as garden lights, street lights, portable lights, camping lights, mountaineering lights, fishing lights, black light lights, rubber tapping lights, energy-saving lamps, etc.
6. Photovoltaic power plants: independent photovoltaic power plants from 10KW to 50MW, wind and solar (diesel) complementary power plants, various charging stations for large parking power plants, etc.
7. Solar buildings: The combination of solar power generation and building materials will make future large-scale buildings electricity self-sufficient, which is a major development direction for the future.
8. Other fields include:
(1) Automotive support: solar cars/electric cars, battery charging equipment, car air conditioners, fans, cold drink boxes, etc. ;
(2) Regenerated energy production systemative for solar hydrogen production and fuel cells;
(3) Power supply for seawater desalination equipment;
(4) Satellites, spaceships and space solar power plants are waiting.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Solar Panels
Editing the production process of solar panels: slicing, cleaning, texture preparation, peripheral engraving and removing the back PN+ junction, making the upper and lower electrodes, making the anti-reflective film, sintering, testing and binning, etc. 10 steps.
The glass is previously coated with a layer of primer to increase the bonding strength between the glass and the EVA. When laying, ensure the relative position of the battery string, glass and other materials, and adjust the distance between batteries to establish a solid foundation for lamination. (Installation level: from bottom to top: tr glassempé, EVA, battery cells, EVA, fiberglass, backplane).
User solar power supply:
(1) Small power supply ranging from 10 to 100W, Used for military and civilian life in remote areas without electricity, such as plateaus, islands, pastoral areas, border posts, etc., such as lighting, televisions, radio cassette players, etc. ;
(2) 3-5 kW household rooftop grid-connected power generation system;< /p>
(3) Photovoltaic water pump: solves the problem of deep water consumption and irrigation in areas without electricity.
Transportation field: such as navigation beacon lights, road/railroad signal lights, warning lights/traffic signals, Yuxiang street lights, high-speed obstacle lights altitude, motorway/railway cordless telephones Kiosks, power supplyue at the side of the road without supervision, etc.