Solar panels? Your teacher is good at this, it seems like six steps, uh, it should be.
1. Make a titanium dioxide film: first put the titanium dioxide powder into a mortar and grind it with a binder, then use a glass rod to slowly apply a film to the conductive glass, and put the titanium. carbon dioxide film in an alcohol lamp for 10 to 15 minutes, then allow to cool.
2. Use natural fuel to color titanium dioxide: squeeze fresh or frozen black plums, mountain plums, pomegranate seeds or black tea with a tablespoon of tax, then put the titanium dioxide film into it. Coloring takes approximately 5 minutes until the film layer turns dark purple. If the coloring of the film layer is uneven on both sides, soak it for 5 minutes, then rinse it with ethanol and gently dry it with papersoft.
3. Make a Counter Electrode: A battery needs a positive electrode, and of course, it also needs a counter electrode. The positive electrode, like the counter electrode, is made of a conductive SnO2 film. You can use a simple multimeter to determine which side of the glass is conductive. You can also use your fingers to determine which side of the glass is rough. Mark the non-conductive side with a "+", then use a pencil to evenly apply a layer of graphite to the conductive side.
4. Add electrolyte: Use a solution containing iodine ions as the solar cell electrolyte. It is mainly used to reduce and regenerate fuel. Simply add one to two drops of electrolyte onto the surface of the titanium dioxide film.
5. Assemble the battery: place the colored titanium dioxide film on the table, drop one or two drops of electrolyte containing iodine and iodide ions on the film, then place the conductor side of the meter. facing the electrode Press the titanium dioxide membrane. Offset the two pieces of glass slightly so that the exposed part can be used as the electrode for the test. Use two clips to fix the battery and the solar cell is made.
6. Battery test: Under outdoor sunlight, a solar cell with an open circuit voltage of 0.4V and a short circuit current of 1mA/cm2. can be obtained
For the sake of doing this and that, the poster will simply accept it...
What is the working principle of solar water heaters?
Solar panel is a device that absorbs sunlight and converts solar radiation energy directly or indirectly into electrical energy by photoelectric effect or photochemical effect. The main material of most solar panels is carbon."silicon", but due to the photoelectric effect. high production cost, its widespread use still has certain limitations. Compared with ordinary batteries and rechargeable batteries, solar cells are more energy-saving and environmentally friendly green products. The role of tempered glass is to protect the main power generation body (such as battery cells). There are requirements for its light transmission selection; light transmittance should be high (generally above 91%); -white temper.
EVA is used to bond and fix tempered glass and the main body of power generation (such as battery cells). The quality of the transparent EVA material directly affects the life of the EVA component exposed to air. is prone to aging and yellowing, thereby affecting the light transmission of the module affects the quality of prodenergy uction of the module in addition to the quality of the EVA itself. In addition, the lamination process of module manufacturers also has a great impact. For example, if the bonding degree of EVA is not up to standard and the bonding strength between EVA and tempered glass and backplane is insufficient, it will cause premature aging of EVA . and affect the life of the module. The function of the backplane is sealing, insulation and waterproofing (usually TPT, TPE and other materials are used and must be resistant to aging. Most component manufacturers have a 25-year warranty years Tempered glass and aluminum alloy generally have no problem. The key lies in their compatibility with the backplane and silicone Can meet the requirements. role in sealing and support The rush box.tion protects the entire power generation system and acts as a power transfer station. component is shorted, the junction box automatically disconnects the shorted battery string to prevent the entire power generation system from burning out. The most critical thing in the junction box is the diode selection. Module cells, corresponding diodes have different silicone sealing functions, which are used by some companies to seal the junction between the module and the aluminum alloy frame, and the module and junction box use adhesive tape double sided and foam to replace. silica gel. Silica gel is commonly used in China. The process is simple, convenient, easy to use and the cost is very low
?How to make a solar water heater (small). production).
Diagram of the operating principle of the sola water heaterire 1. Cold water enters the solar water heater through the pipe, passes through the heat collecting plate, and the heat collecting plate can collect solar energy, convert solar energy. The energy is transformed into thermal energy and then heats the cold water due to the specific gravity ratio of the cold water. The proportion of hot water is large, and the hot water will automatically increase and then form circulating power. on the heat collecting plate. After reaching a certain temperature, it can enter the hot water storage tank and heat can be supplied when hot water is needed. Figure 2. In fact, the principle of solar water heaters is mainly. includes the following two principles: (1) The principle of water circulation is that water flows automatically. This is because cold water is denser than hot water and hot water rises. for gradual heatinguntil the set water temperature is reached. When solar intensity is not sufficient to meet circulation needs, a water pump can be added to the closed water circulation circuit to obtain forced circulation. Thermal principle: There is a special coating. on the collector surface of the solar water heater. This coating has a high absorption rate in the visible range of solar energy. After absorbing it as heat, the wavelength of thermal radiation from the collector is in the long wave range. coating The long-wave emissivity of the layer is very low, which effectively retains the heat of solar energy, and then uses this heat to gradually heat cold water into hot water. The solar collector tube will be discussed in detail below. The heat pipe is actually like an elongated kettle liner, made of two glass tubes, one large and one small. LakeThe outer layer is transparent and the inner layer is covered with a spectrum-selective absorption coating. There is a space between inside and inside. outer tubes. It is the core of solar water heater, which is used to absorb heat energy after solar radiation to the greatest extent, because the vacuum glass tube is round, it has the characteristics of naturally following the broad source of the sun, coupled; through the reflection principle of the reflector, the glass tube can receive light from all sides, the heat collection effect lasts longer, the water temperature is higher, and the solar water heater can work normally all year round, even in cold areas. >
Solar water heater: 1. Materials: Box (preferably iron box), small can (must be metal), foam, reflective plate (you can use aluminum foil from a box cigarettes, a mirror, CD waste...), adhesive tape, black paint, cellophane.
2. Boxes and small cans should be painted black (this can absorb more heat, as black can absorb light). Dig a hole in the foam (also painted black) just enough to insert vertically. the small box contains 3/5 (acts as thermal insulator to prevent heat dissipation), 2/5 is exposed outside to receive sunlight. Put the foam and the small box in the box, seal it with cellophane and make a support. frame behind the box so that the box can face the sun. Place it diagonally and install reflectors on the back, top, left and right of the box. The reflectors underneath can be placed directly on the ground in front of the box (the box). the larger the reflectors, the better, as they can absorb more light and heat). The reflected light must be able toshine on the box or small tank so that the box and small tank can absorb more heat. is made.
Teach yourself the lazy way: ask the teacher for science materials (that's what I do)
If that doesn't work, ask the teacher.