New energy electric vehicles are increasingly becoming many people's first choice for buying cars. They are smarter and more economical than fuel vehicles, but batteries are still a big problem, such as lifespan, density, weight, Issues such as price and safety. In fact, there are many types of energy batteries. Today I'm going to tell you about the different types of new energy batteries currently available.
So current power batteries generally include the following types, namely ternary lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, lithium cobalt oxide batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries and solid-state batteries. Among them, new energy trams generally use ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries, so-called“two heroes competing for hegemony”.
Ternary lithium battery: The typical battery is CATL's nickel-cobalt-manganese series. There are also nickel-cobalt-aluminum series in the industry. Nickel is added to the battery to increase the battery's storage capacity and improve its lifespan.
It is characterized by small size, light weight, high energy density, approximately 240 Wh/kg, poor thermal stability and is more prone to spontaneous combustion problems. It is resistant to low temperatures but not high temperatures. The lower limit of low temperature use is minus 30°C, and the power is attenuated by about 15% in winter. The thermal runaway temperature is around 200°C-300°C and the risk of spontaneous combustion is high.
Lithium iron phosphate battery: refers to a lithium-ion battery using lithium iron phosphate as the electrical materialpositive trode and carbon as negative electrode material. Compared with ternary lithium batteries, its thermal stability is better and its production cost is lower. Additionally, the lifespan of lithium iron phosphate batteries will be longer, typically 3,500 times, while ternary lithium batteries typically start to decay around 2,000 times when charging and discharging.
Lithium cobalt oxide battery: Lithium cobalt oxide battery is also a branch of lithium ion battery. Lithium cobalt oxide batteries have stable structure, high capacity ratio and outstanding overall performance. However, lithium cobalt oxide batteries have poor safety and high cost. Lithium cobalt oxide batteries are mainly used for small and medium-sized batteries. They are a common battery in electronic products andare generally not used in cars.
Nickel metal hydride battery: Nickel metal hydride battery is a new type of green battery developed in the 1990s. It has the characteristics of high energy, long life and of an absence of pollution. The electrolyte in nickel-metal hydride batteries is a nonflammable potassium hydroxide solution, so even if problems such as a battery short circuit occur, it will generally not cause spontaneous combustion. Safety is guaranteed and the manufacturing process is mature.
However, nickel-metal hydride batteries have average charging efficiency, cannot use high-voltage fast charging, and their performance is much worse than lithium batteries. Therefore, once lithium batteries are widely used, nickel-metal hydride batteries. batteries cancan also be replaced gradually.
The presentations above are all about liquid batteries, but what about solid-state batteries?
Compared with liquid batteries, solid-state batteries have certain advantages such as long battery life, low cost, high safety and longer service life. However, as a new technology, solid-state batteries are still in the research and development stage, the technology is not yet mature, and the production cost is relatively high.
At present, domestic and foreign automobile manufacturers are also actively overcoming the technical problems of solid-state batteries, including some manufacturers such as Weilai and CATL are actively developing solid-state batteries. In February 2023, Nissan EuropeDavid Moss, senior vice president of R&D, said Nissan had developed aith success a fully solid-state battery.
Previously, CATL also launched a new product called "Condensed Matter Battery", which can achieve an energy density of 500 Wh/kg, which is nearly 1.5 times the energy density of lithium batteries. current ternaries. But this is not a semi-solid battery in the traditional sense, but a new form of battery.
Currently, the range of most liquid batteries is only between 400 km and 600 km. The range of solid-state batteries can easily exceed 1,000 km, and the charging speed is more than 3 times faster than liquid batteries. batteries.
If solid-state batteries are widely used in new energy vehicles, it will greatly accelerate the development of new energy vehicles. We look forward to all the companies showcasing their talents to see if thesolid-state batteries will become the solution. light of a new energy.
After all, with the development of new energy vehicles, the requirements for batteries will only become higher and higher. For the industry, technological iteration will bring more value addition to the industry. the mode and quality of travel are also gradually changing.
This article comes from Yichehao author Dian Pai. Copyright belongs to the author. Please contact the author for any form of reprinting. The content only represents the opinion of the author and has nothing to do with Bitauto
Lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganate, nickel oxide battery materials -lithium, ternary materials, lithium iron phosphate, etc. their own characteristics. What are the advantages and disadvantages ?
Hello, I am happy to answer your questions. There are five main typestypes of batteries for new energy vehicles: lithium cobalt oxide batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries, ternary lithium batteries. and graphite battery. The pros and cons of these five battery types will help you outline the answers.
1 Lithium cobalt oxide battery: Advantages: mature production technology, high energy ratio, about twice that of lithium iron phosphate battery. Disadvantages: High temperature stability is slightly worse than that of lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganate batteries and lithium-iron-phosphate batteries.
2. Lithium iron phosphate battery: Advantages: Currently the best stability among automobile lithium batteries. Disadvantages: There is still a large gap in energy density compared to ternary lithium batteries and lithium cobalt oxide batteries. Otherent said, when the temperature is below -5, the charging efficiency decreases. And when the temperature is too low, the battery capacity will be affected. Models using lithium iron phosphate batteries are not suitable for driving in the north, especially in extremely cold areas like the Northeast, because the temperature there is too low in winter, which will affect the service life lithium iron phosphate battery.
3. Nickel-metal hydride battery: Advantages: The battery has a large energy reserve, is lighter, has a longer life, and does not pollute the environment. Disadvantages: The manufacturing cost is too high and the performance is worse than “lithium batteries”.
4. Ternary lithium battery: Advantages: Compared with lithium cobalt oxide battery, ternary lithium battery is safer. It is more suitable for the future development trend of bateries of new energy vehicles, suitable for northern weather conditions and more stable at low temperatures. Disadvantages: The voltage is too low and the energy density is between lithium iron phosphate batteries and lithium cobalt oxide batteries.
5. Graphene Battery: Advantages: This new energy battery can reduce charging time from several hours to less than a minute. Due to the addition of graphene in lithium batteries, it can help lithium batteries reduce heat during the capacity process, achieve the purpose of reducing energy loss, avoid waste of a large amount of energy, reduce heat damage to the battery and prolong battery life. Disadvantages: The cost is too high, about 2000 yuan/g, and it cannot be applied on a large scale at present. 2Which brand of n energy vehicle batteriesnews is of good quality? BYD is a new energy vehicle battery brand. It is well known that: 1. When many consumers purchase new energy vehicles, the first thing they pay attention to is the battery of the new energy vehicle. Consumers who are familiar with batteries know that different types of batteries feel different when used, so consumers will pay close attention to the battery type. Nickel-metal hydride power batteries have just entered a maturity phase. It is currently the only battery system that has actually been verified, commercialized and adapted for use in hybrid vehicles. 99% of the existing hybrid battery market share is nickel-metal hydride power batteries 2. Ternary lithium batteries are based on lithium; The materialNickel-cobalt-manganese ternary cathode battery is a lithium battery with cathode material. Compared with lithium cobalt oxide batteries, they are safer, but the voltage is too low and the energy density is between lithium iron phosphate batteries and 18650 lithium cobalt oxide batteries. The future trend of Development of new energy vehicle batteries is suitable for northern weather conditions, and the batteries are more stable at low temperatures. 3. As a relatively mature technology, lead-acid batteries remain the only electric vehicle batteries that can be mass-produced due to their low cost and high discharge rate. During the Beijing Olympics, 20 electric vehicles using lead-acid batteries provided transportation services for the Olympics. However, the specific energy, specific power and energy densityique of lead-acid batteries are very weak, so electric vehicles using this energy source cannot have good speed and cruising range.
1. Lithium Cobalt Oxide
Advantages: Lithium Cobalt Oxide has the advantages of high discharge platform, high specific capacity, good cycle performance and simple synthesis process.
Disadvantages: Lithium cobalt oxide materials contain highly toxic cobalt elements and are relatively expensive, making it difficult to ensure safety when manufacturing large batteries. power.
2. Lithium iron phosphate
Advantages: Lithium iron phosphate does not contain harmful elements, is inexpensive, very safe, and has a service life of up to 10,000 times.
Disadvantages: The energy density of lithium iron phosphate batteries is lowerure to that of lithium cobalt oxide and ternary batteries.
3. Ternary Materials
Advantages: Ternary materials can be balanced and regulated in terms of specific energy, circulation, safety and cost.
Disadvantages: The thermal stability of ternary materials is less good. For example, NCM11 material decomposes at approximately 300°C, while NCM811 decomposes at approximately 220°C.
4. Lithium manganate
Advantages: Lithium manganate has low cost, safety and good low temperature performance.
Disadvantages: The material itself, lithium manganate, is not very stable and breaks down easily to produce gas.
5. Lithium Nickelate
Advantages: Lithium nickelate has the advantages of high specific capacity, low pollution, moderate price and good electrolyte matching.
Disadvantages: The synthesis of nickelatee of lithium is difficult and the cycle stability is poor.
Detailed information
The different configurations of the three elements Nickel, cobalt and manganese in the ternary material can bring different effects to the performance of the material:
1. Increasing the nickel content will increase the material capacity, but deteriorate the cycle performance
2. The presence of cobalt can make the material; more stable structure, but content Too high content will reduce capacity;
3. The presence of manganese can reduce costs and improve safety performance, but too high a content will destroy the layered structure of the material. .
Baidu Encyclopedia - Lithium manganese battery
Baidu Encyclopedia - Lithium-cobalt oxide battery
Baidu Encyclopedia - Nickel-cobalt ternary battery material manganese
< p> Baidu-Batter Encyclopediaie lithium iron phosphate