1. Tempered glass: Its function is to protect the main body of power generation (such as battery cells). There are requirements for its light transmission selection. Light transmittance should be high (usually above 91). %), and it must be hardened ultra-white.
2. EVA: Used to bond and fix the tempered glass and the main body of power generation (battery sheet). The quality of the transparent EVA material directly affects the lifespan of the exposed EVA component. the air is prone to aging and yellowing. This affects the light transmission of the component.
This affects the quality of the module's power output. In addition to the quality of the EVA itself, the module manufacturer's lamination process also has a big impact. For example, the adhesion degree of EVA is not high. to standards, as well as the bonding strength of EVA, tempered glass andof the backplane. If this is not enough, it will cause premature aging of the EVA and affect the life of the components.
3. Cells: The main function is to produce electricity. The main market for power generation is crystalline silicon solar cells and thin-film solar cells, both of which have their own advantages and disadvantages. The equipment cost of crystalline silicon solar cells is relatively low, but the consumption and costs of cells are high. However, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is also high, so it is more suitable to generate electricity under outdoor sunlight.
Thin-film solar cells have relatively high equipment costs, but the battery consumption and costs are very low, but the photoelectric conversion efficiency is more than half of that of solar cells.ules made of crystalline silicon, but the low light effect is very good, under ordinary light. Can also produce electricity, like solar cells in a calculator.
4. Backplate: Function, sealing, insulation and waterproofing. Typically, TPT, TPE and other materials are used and must be resistant to aging. Most component manufacturers offer a 25-year warranty. Tempered glass and aluminum alloy generally pose no problem. .
5. Aluminum alloy: protects rolled parts and plays a certain sealing and supporting role.
6. Junction Box: Protects the entire power generation system and serves as a power transfer station. If any component is shorted, the junction box will automatically disconnect the shorted battery string to avoid burning. the entire system. The most critical part of the jo boxnction is the diode. Depending on the cell type of the module, the corresponding diodes are also different.
7. Silica gel: sealing function, used to seal the junction between components and aluminum alloy frames, components and junction boxes. Some companies usually use double-sided tape and foam to replace silica gel. used in China and the process is simple, convenient, easy to use and inexpensive.
The following describes two methods of manufacturing solar panels.
Solar panel manufacturing method (1)
The first step: first put the titanium dioxide powder into a mortar and grind it with the adhesive, then use a glass rod to slowly grind it on the conductive glass. Apply a film on top to make a titanium dioxide film. Put the titanium dioxide film under an alcohol lamp to sinter and solidify duringnt 10 to 15 minutes, then let cool. Step 2: Use natural dyes to color the titanium dioxide. .As the picture shows, put the fresh or frozen black plums, mountain plums, pomegranate seeds or black tea, use a large spoon to extract the juice, then put the titanium dioxide film to color. 5 minutes until the film layer turns dark purple. Whether both sides of the film layer are colored. If it is uneven, you can put it in. Soak for 5 minutes, then rinse with ethanol and dry gently.
Step 3: Make the positive and negative electrodes of the battery. It is composed of a layer of SnO2 conductive film, and a layer of graphite is evenly coated on the conductive surface with a 6B pencil.
Step 4: Add electrolyte and use the solution containing iodide ions as the electrolyte of the solar cell. As shown in'image, simply add one to two drops of electrolyte on the surface of the titanium dioxide film.
Step 5: Assemble the battery. Place the colored titanium dioxide film on the table, drop one or two drops of electrolyte containing iodine and iodide ions on the film, and then place the conductive surface of the negative electrode Press on the titanium dioxide membrane. Offset the two pieces of glass slightly so that the exposed part can be used as the electrode for the test. Use two pliers to tighten the battery and your solar battery is ready.
Step 6: Test the battery Under outdoor sunlight, a solar cell with an open circuit voltage of 0.4V and a short circuit current of 1mA/cm2 can be obtained.
Solar panel production method (2)
1. The first step is to connect the battery sheets in series with copper tape. A battery chip is equivalent to a small upower generation unit, which can generate a current of 0.5V and 5.2A. By connecting a number of battery chips in series with copper strips, more power generation can be achieved. 'energy.
2. Then the battery sheets must be sealed and isolated from air, otherwise they will gradually decompose until the generated power reaches zero. Therefore, the second step is to use tempered glass, EVA and backplate. After heating and vacuuming, the battery slices can be sealed between the glass and the backplate.
3. However, tempered glass is not durable enough and is easily damaged, especially at the corners. Therefore, the third step is to place aluminum frames around it to protect it. After the above three steps, the solar panel is produced.
Detailed informationApplication fields of solar panels
Power supplyUser solar entation:
(1) Small power supply ranging from 10 to 100 W, used in remote areas without electricity Such as plateaus, islands, pastoral areas, border posts and other electricity military and civil, such as lighting, television, radio, etc. ;
(2) 3-5 kW grid-connected domestic rooftop power generation system;
(3) Photovoltaic water pump: solves the problem of watering and irrigation of deep water wells in areas without electricity.
2. Transportation field: such as navigation beacon lights, road/railroad signal lights, warning/signal lights, Yuxiang street lights, high-altitude obstacle lights, highway wireless telephone booths /railroads, route changes without supervision. food, etc.
3. Communication/Communication Domain: Relay Stationis unattended microwave solar, optical cable maintenance station, broadcast/communication/messaging power supply system; rural operator telephone photovoltaic system, small communication machine, soldier GPS power supply, etc. .
4. Oil, ocean and weather fields: cathodic protected solar power supply systems for oil pipelines and reservoir valves, standby and standby power supplies for oil drilling platforms, ocean sensing equipment, monitoring equipment meteorological/hydrological observation, etc.
5. Lamp power supply: Such as garden lights, street lights, portable lights, camping lights, mountaineering lights, fishing lights, black light lights, rubber tapping lights, lamps energy saving, etc.
6. Photovoltaic plants: one hundredindependent photovoltaic rales from 10KW to 50MW, complementary wind and solar (diesel) power plants, various charging stations for large parking power plants, etc.
7. Solar buildings: The combination of solar power generation and building materials will make future large-scale buildings electricity self-sufficient, which is a major development direction for the future.
8. Other fields include:
(1) Automotive support: solar cars/electric cars, battery charging equipment, car air conditioners, fans, cold drink boxes, etc. ;
(2) Regenerative energy production system for solar hydrogen production and fuel cells;
(3) Power supply for water desalination equipment sea water;
(4) Satellites, spacecraft and space solar power plants await.
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