Is it expensive to build photovoltaic energy production from water?

In terms of pure system construction, water photovoltaic systems are mainly divided into water pile type and water floating platform type.

1. Since the construction of the foundation of the water pile photovoltaic system is more difficult, the cost will also increase to a certain extent. (For example, pump water, then drive the stakes, then attach the support)

2. The advantages and disadvantages of floating water photovoltaics are as follows:

1. the advantages are as follows:

② Increase power generation: Water has a cooling effect on photovoltaic modules, which can suppress the increase in surface temperature of modules, thereby achieving power generation higher. According to a comparative analysisBased on experiments at a large-scale floating photovoltaic power plant in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, the panel's power output increased by about 14% due to the cooling effect of the surface of the panel. water.

③ Reduce evaporation and algae reproduction: Covering solar panels on the water surface can theoretically reduce water evaporation and inhibit algae reproduction in water, which is beneficial for the protection of water resources.

④ Convenient operation and maintenance: Photovoltaic power plants are built in water, which can reduce dust pollution on components and facilitate cleaning of components. At the same time, it is difficult for users and animals to access the components. which can effectively prevent people and animals from damaging the components.

⑤ Tourist advantages: photovo modulesltaics carefully arranged on the vast water surface can be used as a unique attraction and become a landscape in the area, bringing tourism benefits.

⑥ Avoid shading of modules: Compared with land, the water surface is relatively open, which can effectively prevent modules from being blocked by mountains, woods, etc. . The solar irradiation area is uniform and the lighting duration is long.

⑦ Reduce the cost of the tracking system: The angles and spacing of the components are consistent, making it easier to install and operate the solar tracking system. There is no need to install a two-axis tracking system for each. solar panel, which greatly reduces the cost of the tracking system.

⑧Cost saving: No foundation and component supports are required, saving the cost of foundation and supports and reducing costs.

⑨ Convenient consumption: Built in the waters near villages and towns, it can be consumed nearby, reducing adverse factors such as network connection difficulties and power outages, and improving efficiency.

2. There are some disadvantages:

① High requirements for floating equipment: floating water photovoltaics requires floating equipment to support the photovoltaic panels, and the floating frame has corrosion resistance, low density , and frost heave resistance, wind and wave resistance, service life, bearing capacity, etc. must all be high.

② High requirements for site selection: the site of the floating water photovoltaic farm should be selected in a location with a large area, stable runoff, low wind speed, good water conditions. lighting, slight level changeswater, good development conditions, and no large-scale navigation, ecologically non-sensitive areas and other waters.

③There are many uncertain factors: strong winds, water level, ice and other factors have a greater impact. At the same time, it is necessary to monitor whether photovoltaic modules have adverse effects on water. quality, fish, plants, etc.

④Construction is difficult: many factors must be considered during the construction process. It is difficult to use a large number of heavy machines for high-efficiency construction in water operations. The process requirements are relatively higher. the construction period also increases accordingly. There are many professions that require diving or being on a boat. Balance and safety must be considered during operations on board, and installationslations such as swimming pools and dams must not be damaged.

Solar cell components are the essential components of solar power generation systems that convert light energy into electrical energy. Solar cells are the key components of these essential components. Solar energy is a kind of radiant energy that must be used. an energy converter can be converted into electrical energy. This energy converter which converts light energy into electrical energy is a solar cell. The basis of the principle of silicon solar cells is the photovoltaic effect of the PN junction of the semiconductor. It is an effect whereby when an object is exposed to light, the state of charge distribution in the object changes and generates an electromotive force and current. When sunlight or other light irradiates the PN junction of a semiconductor, a voltage appearson both sides of the PN junction. This phenomenon is called photovoltage, which is the famous photovoltaic effect. If the PN junction is shorted, a current occurs. be generated. As we all know, atoms of matter are composed of nuclei and electrons. Nuclei are positively charged and electrons are negatively charged. The electrons orbit the nucleus in a certain orbit, just like the planets orbit the sun. The atoms of monocrystalline silicon are arranged according to certain rules. The outermost electronic shell of silicon contains 4 electrons.

The outer electrons of each atom have a fixed position and are bound by the nucleus. When excited by external energy, such as solar radiation, they break away from the chains of the atomic nucleus and become free electrons, while leaving free space in their original place, the so-called " hole" in semiconductor physicsrs. . Since electrons are negatively charged, holes appear to be positively charged. Electrons and holes are charges that can move in single crystal silicon. In a pure silicon crystal, the number of free electrons and holes is equal. If the silicon crystal is doped with impurities such as boron, aluminum, gallium and indium that can capture electrons, it will form a hole-type semiconductor, or P-type semiconductor for short . If the silicon crystal is doped with impurity elements such as phosphorus, arsenic or antimony which can release electrons. It then forms an electronic semiconductor, called an N-type semiconductor. If these two semiconductors are combined, a PN junction will form at the interface due to the diffusion of electrons and holes, and a field integrated electric field, also known as barrier electric field, will form on both sides of thejunction. Since the resistance here is particularly high, it is also called a barrier layer. When sunlight illuminates the PN junction, the atoms of the semiconductor release electrons due to obtaining light energy and as a result, electron-hole pairs are generated. Under the action of the barrier electric field, electrons are directed toward the N-type region and holes are directed toward the P-type region, resulting in an excess of electrons in the N-type region. There are excess holes in the P-type region. As a result, a photogenerated electric field opposite the barrier electric field strength is formed near the PN junction.

Part of the photogenerated electric field compensates for the barrier electric field, and the remaining part charges the P-type region positively. The N-type region is negatively charged; thus, the thin layer between the N-type region and the P-type region generates ae electromotive force, that is to say a photovoltaic electromotive force. When the external circuit is connected, electrical energy will be produced. This is the basic principle of power generation by PN junction contact monocrystalline silicon solar cells. If tens or hundreds of solar cells are connected in series or in parallel When combined, an output power of several tens of watts to more than two hundred watts can be obtained to form a solar cell module. The solar cell modules are then connected in series and parallel to form a solar cell array. The battery network can produce enough. power for charging.