Apricot is an economical forest species if you want to obtain a high and stable yield, how to plant

Apricot is an economical forest species If you want to obtain high and stable yields, how should you plant it?

The apricot is an economic forest species. Proper cultivation and management can achieve good ecological and economic benefits. This paper presents the feasibility of developing the apricot industry on sandy land from the perspectives of climate suitability, economic value and tourism effect on the landscape, and summarizes the cultivation technology of apricot on sandy soils from the aspects of soil preparation, planting, pruning, water. and fertilizer management, etc., with the aim of providing a reference to producers.

Large flat apricots are produced in dry areas with continental climate, distributed throughout northern China, and are mainly distributed in the dry hills of Chaoyang, western and southern Liaoning . Hehas strong adaptability and can flower and bear fruit in plains, hilly terrain or sandy wastelands. Large apricots can bear fruit 2-3 years after planting, and the fruiting period is long. They have relatively developed rhizomes, which can absorb water and nutrients deep into the soil layer. They are resistant to sterility and require lower growing conditions. better tolerance. Dry tree species. Planting apricots scientifically and rationally can not only achieve better ecological benefits, but also great economic benefits.

Before planting, weeds, bushes and roots should be removed in all directions. If the area is large, a large tractor should be used to plow the land to a depth of 20 to 30 cm. If the area is small, a shovel canbe used to plow the land. According to the local characteristics of frequent drought, low precipitation and late thaw, it is advisable to plant apricots in autumn and spring and dig the pits in autumn to loosen the soil layer, promote the maturity of the soil layer deep and improve permeability. From the soil environment and promote digestion and absorption of nutrients by the rhizomes of green plants.

In addition, depending on local characteristics such as low spring precipitation, dry climate, poor sandy soil and low organic matter content, weed seeds and crop residues can be buried and mixed with chemical fertilizers. The main stages of land preparation are agricultural land and plowing. Part of the rich soil can be collected and mixed with the sandy soil layer, then cultivated and plowedto improve the soil, promote its consolidation and eliminate diseases and weeds.

Before planting, soak the apricot rhizome in clean water for 24 hours, take it out, then soak it in a mortar or moisturizer before transplanting. The relative planting density depends on soil conditions. For very poor soils, a plant row spacing of 2 m × 3 m can be used. For poorer soil, a plant row spacing of 3 m × 4 m can be used. a spacing of 3 m × 5 m can be used. Before planting, fill the quagmire with 10 to 20 cm of prepared peat soil and farm manure mixed soil, and pour 50 L of water to allow the roots of the seedlings to absorb sufficient moisture and keep the wet roots for a long time, so that water does not leak. flow in the short term and affect survival.

Wait until the ground andmanure has settled for 1 to 2 days before planting. When transplanting, spread the roots out and do not interlock them. Keep joints flush to the ground. After straightening the green plants, fill the soil with fermented farm manure. After leveling the pit, straighten the green plants and walk on them immediately. .To solidify, hold the middle of the green plant with your hands and gently lift it twice, then step on it again. After smoothing the tree hole, make a good tree tray, irrigate it to saturation and loosen the soil. It’s time to seal it once the water is drained. Timely watering should be carried out 15-30 days after planting. Generally, the survival rate of plantations can reach around 90%.

If the almond tree grows naturally, it will form a natural round mouth-shaped trunk. After planting, growth characteristics must always be respecteded and it is preferable to have several main posts. Winter pruning is best done in December or January to February of the following year. Shape the young tree according to its growth characteristics, install a frame and preserve the production branches to ensure a good base for growth. If the young tree is growing vigorously, extra branches and strong-growing branches should be shortened and 1/3 or 2/5 of the original length cut off.

Cut short branches and blind branches that are too dense. Young trees should avoid over-pruning and keep more branches to speed up their formation and bear fruit in advance. As the crown diameter increases, there are more and more fruits and the branching force is weak. It is generally difficult to make the trunk too closed. Try to combine cropped waist and short cut. The branchesLong fruiting bodies can be shortened to 15 to 30 cm. to growth potential, and weak fruiting branches should be pruned to 15-30 cm. Pay attention to the different upgrade levels, otherwise it is easy to decline, resulting in bald branches and increased flower decline. For bouquet-shaped branches that are too dense, trim them appropriately.

Summer pruning begins in June each year. Pull the branches at the right time. Pull the main branch to the base angle of 45° to 55° and pull the other branches to 80°. the main branch. The buds and buds stand on the main stem of each secondary coil to compete with the buds, improve the conditions for ventilation and light transmission, promote the conversion of vegetative growth into reproductive growth, and enable early fruiting and early harvest of young trees.

AfterDuring the fruiting period, pruning should be carried out in winter. The fruit branch group needs to be improved in time. Additional branches of each technical main branch must be shortened appropriately. and rejuvenated in time to promote the germination of new buds at the ends and shape the near future. Blind branches at the ends can be shaped into a new group of fruit branches to avoid empty holes. The improved pruning must be strengthened so that it can continue to produce new fruiting branches and delay the aging time as much as possible.

Old trees should be pruned hard, the main pole should be improved in a prepared manner, and water and fertilizer management should be strengthened to promote tree restoration and extend the cultivation period for economic development. The parent branch group must be improved every yeared so that it can continue to produce new groups of fruit branches to guarantee increased and high yields each year.

As the soil in this area is mainly sandy, the almond trees are also very sensitive to organic fertilizers. Under sufficient water and fertilizer conditions, the total number of decline can be reduced, the production volume is high, the quality is good, the vigor of the tree is strong, and the lifespan of the tree can be increased. Typically, base fertilizer is applied in combination with fall plowing. For sandy soils, 37.5 t/hm2 of farm manure, 277.5 kg/hm2 of superphosphate and 210 kg/hm2 of ammonium sulfate are generally applied to sandy soil. If conditions permit, green manure can also be applied to trees (planting green manure between rows and plants), and combined with pressinggreen manure, deep plowing of the soil, careful tillage and conservation of soil and water.

The roots of almond trees are deep and wide, and the fertilization pit should be deeper. Generally, a circular trench with a depth of 40 to 60 cm and a width of 50 cm should be dug outside the tree, or. a trench should be dug outside the tree on both sides and trunk, mix fermented straw fertilizer, farmyard manure and phosphate fertilizer. Apply about 50 kg/plant of fertilizer to trees during the fruiting period and about 20 kg/plant to young trees. . In early August, after fruit picking, phosphate and potash fertilizers can also be applied. Basic compound fertilizer can quickly restore tree vigor, promote flowering, and increase flowering and fruiting rates.

According to experimental observations, the application ofe 10 kg of dry chicken manure mixed with soil per plant before the onset of winter can increase almond production by 300 kg/hm2 in the second year and make the tree full of vigor and flowers and leaves. Topdressing should be combined with pest prevention. Spray urea, boric acid, etc. on leaves once before flowering can be combined with a spray of 5% insecticide doubly 100 times to prevent caterpillars.

Irrigate twice a year. In autumn, you need to dig trenches and fertilize, then pour enough water before flowering, you need to water in time when surface treatment. Irrigation can be combined with fertilization. It is best to pour frozen water once after the leaves to facilitate overwintering and growth and fruiting in the second year. For example, in the event of drought in spring, additional irrigatione must be added 1 to 2 times. If there are no irrigation conditions, covering the tree bed with mulch can increase the temperature and humidity and promote the growth of apricot trees.