The methods of remediation of contaminated soil are: physical remediation technology, chemical remediation technology, biological remediation technology, physical and chemical remediation technology and ecological sanitation technology.
1. Physical remediation technology: Changing the properties of soil pollutants by physical methods, converting them to harmless or low-toxic forms, or removing them from the soil. For example, in-situ thermal degradation (ISTD) technology removes contaminants through the application of heat and vacuum to the soil surface.
2. Chemical remediation technology: Change the chemical properties of pollutants through chemical reactions, convert them to harmless or low-toxic forms, or remove them from the soil. For example, chemical oxidation, reduction, adsorption, immobilization and other methods are used to treatremove pollutants.
3. Bioremediation technology: using the metabolic activity of microorganisms to break down, transform, or adsorb pollutants into harmless or low-toxic forms. For example, phytoremediation technology (including phytoextraction, phytostabilization and phytovolatilization technology) and microbial remediation technology.
4. Physical and chemical remediation technology: combine physical, chemical and biological methods, and comprehensively use a variety of technical means to remediate the soil. For example, long-term use of microbial fertilizers can promote the virtuous cycle of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and other elements in the soil ecosystem, thereby achieving the restoration goal.
5. Ecological restoration technology: By building a healthy ecosystem, the self-repairing capacity of the soil is enhanced. For example, plantingPlants with purifying effects can increase soil organic matter, improve soil structure and improve soil fertility.