There are generally three ways to dispose of used batteries internationally: solidification and deep burial, storage in waste mines, and recycling. Recovery of cobalt and lithium from used lithium-ion secondary batteries. Solidification and deep burial: Used batteries are generally transported to special toxic and dangerous landfills. However, this approach is not only too expensive, but also generates waste, because many useful substances can still be used as raw materials. Recycling includes heat treatment, wet treatment and vacuum heat treatment.
Adopt alkaline dissolution → acid leaching → extraction and purification of P?O? → extraction of P?O? to separate cobalt and lithium → stripping to recover cobalt sulfate and raffinate deposition to recover lithium carbonatethium. Lithium-ion secondary batteries are composed of an outer shell and an internal battery cell. The outer shell is made of stainless steel, nickel-plated steel or plastic. The inner core of the battery is a roll structure, mainly composed. a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator and an electrolyte.
Detailed information
The organic electrolyte of lithium-ion batteries, the alkali of nickel-cadmium and nickel-hydrogen batteries, and heavy metals such as copper, auxiliary materials for the manufacture of batteries, all constitute environmental pollution. Lithium batteries include lithium metal and lithium ion primary batteries and secondary batteries.
Due to its high performance, long storage life and wide operating temperature range, it is used in watches, appliancesphoto eyes, calculators, backup power supplies, pacemakers, security alarms, etc. This type of battery is relatively harmless and its recycling mainly consists of recovering the useful component, lithium metal.
The cathode material of a general battery is about 90% lithium cobalt oxide active material, 7%-8% acetylene black conductive agent and 3% to 4% organic binder. It is evenly mixed and applied. a thickness of approximately 20 μm. On the aluminum foil current collector; the negative electrode of the battery is composed of about 90% carbon negative active material, 4%-5% acetylene black conductive agent and 6%-7% binder, evenly. mixed then applied to the current collector made of copper foil with a thickness of 15 µm.
The thickness of the positive and negative electrodes is about 0.18 to 0.20 mm, and they are separatedcovered by a separator film with a thickness of approximately 10 μm. The separator film is generally a polyethylene or polypropylene film, and the electrolyte is a solution of organic lithium hexafluorophosphate carbonate. Remove the packaging and case of the used lithium-ion secondary battery, remove the battery core, and separate the material from the positive electrode.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Recycling of used batteries
Baidu Encyclopedia - Used batteries
Does the new external battery need to be discharged?
Category: Digital Electronics
Description of the problem:
Regarding the problem of "activating" lithium batteries, Many reviews are: Charging time should be more than 12 hours and repeated three times for activation, but some people say this is wrong. Which statement is correct?
Analysis:
Concerning the bat “activation” problemteries with lithium, many opinions are: The charging time must be more than 12 hours, and repeated three times in order to activate the pool. This statement that "charging more than 12 hours for the first three times" is obviously It is a term inherited from nickel batteries (such as nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride). This statement can therefore be considered misinformation from the start. The charging and discharging characteristics of lithium batteries and nickel batteries are very different, and we can tell you very clearly that overcharging and overdischarging will cause huge damage to lithium batteries, especially lithium batteries. liquid ion. Therefore, it is best to charge according to standard time and methods, especially not to charge for more than 12 hours. The claim in many cell phone manuals that thes new batteries must be charged for more than twelve hours is false!
Additionally, cell phones or chargers with lithium batteries automatically stop charging once the battery is full, which it is. does not exist. Nickel chargers have a so-called “maintenance” charge which lasts 10 hours. That is, if your lithium battery is fully charged and placed on the charger, it will be charged in vain. In addition, for some mobile phones, if you do not remove the charger after charging for more than a certain time, the system will not only stop charging, but also start a discharge-charge cycle. Maybe the manufacturer of this approach has their own agenda, but it obviously harms the life of the battery and the cell phone/charger.
In addition, another aspect that cannot be ignored is that lithium batteries are also not suitable for dischargeexcessive, and excessive discharge is also very detrimental to lithium batteries.
When should you start charging during normal use
We often hear this saying: as the number of charges and discharges is limited, the power of the phone battery laptop should be used as much as possible. However, this statement is obviously false! Under normal circumstances, you should charge with reserves according to the principle of exhausting the remaining battery power and then recharging it (but certainly not turning it off and recharging when it is impossible to hold the full amount) . day for 2 days, you must start charging on time! And when you need to charge to meet upcoming important events that are expected to result in charged communications, even if the battery still has plenty of power remaining, then you can simply charge. move forward, because you won't losereally has the lifespan of one charge cycle. The principle of recharging once the remaining battery power is exhausted is not to go to extremes! A widely spread saying, such as long-term charging, is "try to use the mobile phone battery, and it is better to use automatic shutdown." This approach is actually only applied to nickel batteries. The goal is to avoid the memory effect. Unfortunately, it also spreads to lithium batteries. There was an example of someone continuing to use their cell phone without charging it until it automatically turned off after a low battery warning appeared. As a result, the mobile phone in this example was unresponsive during subsequent loading and startup and had to be sent for maintenance. This is actually because the battery voltage is too low due to over-discharge, so it does not benefit fromnormal charging and power-up conditions. Practical experience proves this: the scrap rate of lithium batteries with a depth of discharge of 100% is 50% (years of facts have proven that only half of the maintenance supplies of lithium batteries with a depth of 100% discharge of more than 99% can be activated, and the remaining half is discarded!)
The right approach to lithium battery cell phones
To summarize, my opinion on lithium batteriesThe most important tips for charging and discharging cell phone battery during use are:
1. Charge according to the standard time and procedure even for the first three times. First plug in the charger (line charger) Turn. power on, then plug the output end of the charger into the charging port of the mobile phone. Some people want to ask: is it better to charge withwith the phone on or with the phone off? Answer: A in all cases! few brands of cell phones cannot charge the phone when they are turned off. The backup battery (the small lithium battery on the motherboard, which powers the 32.768 clock crystal) is charged only by direct charging in sleep mode. !
2. When a low battery prompt appears on the mobile phone, you should try to start charging as soon as possible; lithium batteries are more vulnerable to damage when over-discharged!
> 3. Activation of lithium batteries does not require special methods. Lithium batteries will activate naturally during normal cell phone use. If you insist on using the popular “first three charges and 12 hour activation” method, it will actually not be effective. Generally speaking, the charging time is between2 and 4 hours depending on battery capacity. Therefore, all practices that seek 12 hours of ultra-long charging and use lithium battery cell phones to automatically power off are wrong!
Of course not! Because it is a lithium battery. Since it is a lithium battery, many opinions on the "activation" problem of newly purchased lithium-ion batteries are: the charging time should be more than 12 hours and repeated three times to activate the battery. This claim that "the first three charges require more than 12 hours" is obviously a continuation of the claim regarding nickel batteries (such as nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride).
This statement can therefore be considered disinformation from the start. There is a very big difference in the charging characteristics anddischarge of lithium batteries and nickel batteries, and we can tell you very clearly that all serious official technical information points out that overcharging and overdischarging will cause huge damage to lithium batteries, especially liquid lithium ion . damage to the batteries.