Advantages of lithium titanate:
1. Stress-free negative electrode, stable structure, can withstand high magnification rates and ultra-long service life (or in other words, the negative electrode material itself will not). become a defect that affects the service life) )
2. The potential is high and the lowest potential is greater than the precipitation potential of lithium. There is no need to worry about the safety risks caused by lithium precipitation. /p>
3. The material itself has a high thermal decomposition temperature and is safe. Wide temperature range, particularly good low temperature performance, can reach -40℃.
Disadvantages of lithium titanate
1. The most fatal drawback is that it is expensive. Titanium dioxide and graphite, you can feel it. The battery price is more than 3 times more expensive than lithium iron + graphite.
2. It's a checkmatematerial without stress and has a low compaction density. At the same time, the voltage is high, resulting in a low voltage platform for the entire battery. Ultimately, the energy density is too low. The corresponding energy density of lithium titanate + ternary is probably less than 100wh/kg, while the corresponding energy density of graphite + ternary can reach 200wh/kg. Lithium titanate + lithium iron and graphite + lithium iron
3, safety under the same energy density. To achieve the same energy density, the safety of high lithium titanate + nickel and graphite + iron-lithium ratio will be worse. Although lithium titanate itself is safe, the bottleneck will become something else (like the positive electrode)
4, producing gas. SEI film cannot form on the surface of lithium titanate. The electrolyte constantly reacts with the negative electrode, resulting in a prcontinuous oduction of gas, which can only be slowed down but cannot be eliminated. This leads to two problems: a. It is not possible to create software packages. (Some people say Yinlong has soft bags. They did it just for energy density and already cut it out in later planning). b. Excessive gas production will affect life and safety. Although there are more than 20,000 cycles in the laboratory, no one dares to promise 20,000 times in batches (unless it is an excessive promise). Compared to iron-lithium from today's leading manufacturers, which can already promise tens of thousands of cycles, there is no advantage. Excessive gas production will affect the design of safety devices such as explosion-proof valves, potentially causing premature valve explosion or excessive valve pressure.
4. There is no obvious advantage in terms of magnificationt. At present, fast-charging lithium iron can already charge and discharge at 5-6°C, basically reaching the current level of lithium titanate batteries. The advantageous range of lithium titanate is 5-10°C, but at that time, heat, charger and positive electrode will become bottlenecks.
5. The (full) application space is small. Based on the above comparison of advantages and disadvantages, it can be seen that the obvious advantage of lithium titanate lies in its low temperature performance. However, in an environment where the temperature is above -30°C, the overall performance (price + load capacity, energy density is not taken into account for the moment) has no advantage (or the price is high) compared with lithium iron + graphite + auxiliary thermal device, plus the disadvantage of energy density, it is difficult to gain PK. It's onereasons for the recent poor performance of the Yinlong market. It has advantages at temperatures around -40°C, but there are very few application scenarios. It can only have advantages in certain military-industrial scenarios in Northeast Siberia, and the overall market is not large.
In summary, the advantages and disadvantages of lithium titanate , it can be seen that lithium titanate is just a beautiful thing, with limited practical application scenarios and prospects. After all, when there is no obvious performance gap, in this case, price is king.
Which is better and worse than lithium titanate battery, lithium iron phosphate battery and ternary battery? It also starts with the performance of the three batteries. As we all know, the performance of lithium batteries is mainly determined by the positive electrode, negative electrode, electricrolyte and the separator. Positive and negative electrode materials have a significant impact on key battery indicators, such as capacity, energy density and cycle. lifespan, safety, price performance, cost, etc. Although they both use ternary as the cathode material, the lithium titanate battery breaks away from the traditional battery technology of using graphene as the negative electrode and uses lithium titanate as the negative electrode material, which makes him an outlier in the eyes of his peers. But it is the characteristics of lithium titanate itself that give batteries made of this material their particularities. Taking the three lithium iron phosphate-graphene, ternary-graphene and ternary-lithium titanate batteries as examples, lithium titanate batteries are at a disadvantage from the perspective of energy density alone. The raNortheast Securities research report pointed out that the actual specific energy of lithium iron phosphate batteries is currently 100-120 Wh/kg, and that of ternary batteries is 150-200 Wh/kg. Among them, the nickel-cobalt-aluminum ternary battery used by Tesla. reaches 252Wh/kg, while Yinlong lithium titanate battery has only 90Wh/kg, which is only half that of some graphite negative electrode material batteries. From a cost perspective, lithium titanate batteries offer no advantage.
Currently, the raw materials of Yinlong lithium titanate batteries include titanium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide, which are more expensive than graphite anode materials. According to the research results of China Battery Network, the current cost of lithium iron phosphate batteries and ternary batteries is 1,100 yuan/kWh to 1,200 yuan/kWh, while the costlithium titanate batteries is approximately 2 to 3 times higher than that of ternary batteries. The energy density is twice as low and the cost is 2 to 3 times higher. How can lithium titanate batteries compete in the market? Clearly, it’s its unique benefits that have impressed some people in the industry. When lithium titanate is used as the anode material, the potential platform reaches 1.55V, which is more than 1V higher than traditional graphite anode materials. Although some energy density is lost, this also means the battery is safer. Technical expert Lu Languang once said that the demand for negative electrode voltage during rapid charging of batteries is relatively small, but if it is too small, lithium batteries will easily precipitate highly active lithium metal . This lithium ion not only conducts electricitytee, but can also drive. react with the electrolyte, then release heat, produce flammable gas and cause fire. The higher voltage of 1V of lithium titanate prevents the negative electrode voltage from being 0, which indirectly avoids the precipitation of lithium ions, thereby ensuring the safety of the battery.