The lower ends of the four parallel discharge resistors in the picture must be loosely connected and must be connected to the negative terminal of the battery! The principle is as follows:
When the output high level Vout is normal, the field effect transistor of the lower N channel is activated and its drain is at a low level, which causes the P channel superior. The field effect transistor must also be turned on, so that the positive electrode of the battery passes through the P channel field effect transistor, 4 parallel discharge resistors, discharges to the negative electrode of the battery and the tension gradually decreases!
It is not easy to answer the question. Please accept it if it helps, thanks! !
There are mainly two methods:
Output series diode, mainly used in small current chargers. Like electric cars.
The output is coconnected to a relay. Only when the positive and negative poles of the battery are correctly connected will the identification circuit turn on the relay to charge the battery. This type of circuit is mainly used in high power chargers. Of course, you can also use MOS tubes instead of relays (but usually MOS tubes have inverted diodes inside, so please use them).