New energy electric vehicle battery types are roughly classified intolead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium-manganate batteries, >lithium iron phosphate batteriesand several categories such as ternary lithium batteries.
1. Lead-acid batteries
Lead-acid batteries have low cost, good low temperature resistance and high performance, low energy density, short and long service life; size and poor security. Due to their low energy density and short lifespan, electric vehicles used as a power source cannot have good speed and high cruising range, and are generally used for low-speed vehicles.
2. Nickel-metal hydride battery
Ni-MH battery has low cost, mature technology, long lifelong life and low energy density, large volume, low voltage and battery memory effect; . Although their performance is better than lead-acid batteries, they contain heavy metals and pollute the environment when abandoned.
3. Lithium Manganate Battery
Lithium manganate battery is an inexpensive cathode material with good safety and low temperature performance. However, the material itself is not very stable and breaks down easily. to produce gas, so it is mainly used in combination with other materials to reduce the cost of battery cells. However, its service life decreases rapidly, is prone to swelling, has poor high temperature performance, and has a relatively short service life. It is mainly used in large and medium-sized battery cells and power batteries. Its voltage nominale is 3.7 V.
4. Lithium iron phosphate battery
Lithium iron phosphate battery has good thermal stability, good safety, low cost, long life, low energy density and is afraid of low temperatures. When the battery temperature is between 500 and 600°C, its internal chemical components begin to decompose and will not burn or explode due to puncture, short circuit, or temperature high, and have a longer lifespan. However, the vehicle's range is average and when the temperature is below -5°C, the charging efficiency is low, making it unsuitable for charging needs in the north in winter.
5. Ternary lithium battery
The ternary lithium-ion battery has high energy density, long service life, and is not afraid of low temperatures; The energy density can reach the highest, but the reHigh temperature resistance is relatively poor. Pure electric vehicles with mileage requirements are the dominant direction, and they are suitable for northern weather conditions. The battery is more stable at low temperatures.
Do new energy vehicles not need to replace batteries?
Pacific Automotive Network uses the same battery structure, using ternary materials and lithium iron phosphate materials to manufacture By carrying out discharge, charge and cycle tests under different conditions, the ternary material has advantages in charging rate, discharge rate and discharge performance at different temperatures, while lithium iron phosphate material has better cycle performance and can always maintain 80%. after 5,000 cycles at 1C% or more of initial capacity.
1. Different properties
1. Batterylithium iron phosphate: A lithium-ion battery using lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode material.
2. Ternary lithium battery: The cathode material of lithium battery is lithium-nickel-cobalt or lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminate ternary cathode material.
2. Different main materials
1. Lithium iron phosphate battery: lithium ion.The cathode materials of sub-batteries mainly include lithium cobalt acid, lithium manganese acid, lithium nickel acid, ternary materials, lithium iron phosphate, etc. . Lithium-cobalt oxide is the cathode material of most lithium-ion batteries.
2. Ternary lithium battery: The ternary composite cathode material is composed of nickel salt, cobalt salt and manganese salt as raw materials. The proportion of nickel, cobalt and manganese can be adjusted according to actual needs. .
3. Different applications
1. Lithium iron phosphate battery: large electric vehicles: buses, electric cars, sightseeing buses and light electric vehicles: electric bicycles, golf carts, small flat battery carts, forklifts, cleaning vehicles, electric wheelchairs, etc. power tools: electric drills, chainsaws, lawn mowers, etc.
2. Ternary lithium battery: widely used in mobile and wireless electronic equipment, power tools, hybrid and electric vehicles and other fields.
(Photo/Text/Photo: Pacific Automotive Network Q&A)
Pacific Automotive Network new energy vehicles do not need to replace the battery, the power battery is used as a new source of energy As one of the essential components of a car, the degradation of batteries is inevitableand their subsequent replacement is inevitable. However, the current high cost of electric batteries is an obstacle to the development of electric vehicles, which significantly reduces the cost. competitiveness of the electric vehicle market.
With the development of science and technology, new energy technologies and battery performance are getting better and better. Although the cost of batteries is currently high, with replacing a battery costing tens or even hundreds of thousands, in the long run, cost reduction is an inevitable trend.
At present, new energy vehicle batteries are mainly divided into two types based on cathode materials, one is ternary lithium polymer and the other is lithium battery iron phosphate. In addition, there are lithium batteries composed of lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganate and oxyof lithium-nickel, which gradually disappeared from the market due to poor parameters. Since the battery needs to be charged repeatedly, the longer it is used and the longer its life, the active materials in the battery will gradually be consumed until it is discarded.
1 Ternary lithium polymer has high energy density and higher production cost. At present, the energy density of ternary lithium polymers can reach up to 300 Wh/kg (watt hours/kg), and the official website address http://www.yijialidian.com/40 will not exceed 20 Wh/kg. Taking BAK 18650 battery as an example, the service life is about 1000 times.
2 The technology and application of lithium iron phosphate batteries have reached a bottleneck. Although the charge and discharge cycle life is long, up to more than 2,000 times, there is an important in terms of energy density, high and low temperature performance, charging and discharging rate characteristics, etc., and the production cost is high. At present, the energy density of lithium iron phosphate batteries of major automobile manufacturers is about 150 Wh/kg to 180 Wh/kg, which is quite different from ternary lithium polymer batteries.
Based on the capacity of the power battery multiplied by the cost, the battery replacement cost can be calculated. Costs are generally calculated based on cost per kilowatt hour. According to an electric battery research report published by McKinsey & Company, the average cost of electric batteries is US$227 per kilowatt hour. According to the current exchange rate, one dollar is equivalent to 60.5454 yuan, or 1486 yuan/KWh.
BYD Han EV, a well-known brand in China's new energy industry, and TesThe Model S/X, a well-known foreign brand, are examples of production capacity.
The four-wheel drive Han EV version has a capacity of 77 kWh, and battery replacement costs about 114,000 yuan. The S/X type capacity is calculated based on the standard value of 100 kWh, and the battery replacement cost is about 148,000 yuan, which is relatively high!
(Images/Text/Photos: Pacific Automotive Network Calling the Beast Q&A)