How Lithium Batteries Work

Lithium metal battery:

Lithium metal battery generally uses manganese dioxide as the positive electrode material, lithium metal or its metal alloy as the negative electrode material, and uses a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. . Basic Principles of Lithium Batteries

Discharge Reaction: Li+MnO2=LiMnO2

Lithium-ion Batteries:

Lithium-ion batteries use usually lithium alloy metal oxide as the positive electrode material, graphite as the negative electrode material, the battery using non-aqueous electrolyte.

The reaction that occurs on the positive charge electrode is

LiCoO2==Li(1-x)CoO2+XLi++Xe-(electrons)

On the negative charge electrode The reaction that occurs is

6C+XLi++Xe-=LixC6

The total reaction of the rechargeable battery: LiCoO2+6C =Li(1 -x)CoO2+LixC6

Material of cathode: There are many optional positive electrode materials, and most common products use lithium iron phosphate. Comparison of different cathode materials:

LiCoO2

3.7 V

140 mAh/g

Li2Mn2O4

100mAh/g

LiFePO4

3.3V

100mAh/g

Li2FePO4F

3.6V

115mAh/g

Positive reaction: lithium ions intercalate during discharge and lithium ions deintercalate during discharge charge. When charging: LiFePO4→Li1-xFePO4+xLi++xe-When discharging: Li1-xFePO4+xLi++xe-→LiFePO4.

Anode

Anode material: Graphite is mainly used. New research reveals titanate may be a better material.

Anodic reaction: lithium ions are disintercalated during discharge and lithium ions are integrated during charging.

When recharging: xLi++xe-+6C→LixC6

When discharging: LixC6→xLi++xe-+6C

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