Tesla announced that the 4680 cylindrical battery would be mass-produced by the end of the year.
Tesla announced that the 4680 cylindrical battery would be mass-produced by the end of the year. the end of the year. and 2023 is expected to become the largest volume of 4680 cylindrical batteries. In the first year, the rapid growth of 4680 cylindrical batteries will lead to an increase in demand for new materials. Tesla announced that the 4680 cylindrical battery will be mass produced before the end of the year.
Tesla announced that the 4680 cylindrical battery will be mass-produced before the end of the year1.Tesla recently announced that it will achieve mass production of the new 4680 cylindrical battery by the end of 2022. China Securities Journal reporters learned from many companies such as Yiwei Lithium Energy, Panasonic and LG New Energy had manufactured 4,680 cylindrical batteries and rapidly promoted mass production. At the same time, they would lead the production of industrial chain enterprises such as Yahua Group. Shi Dashenghua and Tianci Materials. The demand for related raw materials has increased significantly.
It will be mass produced before the end of the year
Tesla CEO Elon Musk said at the recent general meeting of Tesla shareholders in 2022: "The weekly production of 4,680 cylindrical batteries is in line with expectations and the company is confident of achieving mass production before the end of the year. At the same time, the current supply of Tesla batteries can meet the production needs of 1.5 million vehicles this year building its own battery factory, Tesla also purchases batteries from suppliers. > On February 19, Tesla announced that the Fremont factory produced 1 million 4680 cylindrical batteries in January.was first used in Model Y in the first quarter. Musk said the Gigafactory in Berlin, Germany, would be the world's largest battery factory, with an annual production capacity of more than 100 GWh, and could even reach 200 GWh to 250 GWh.
Data shows that the full name of 4680 cylindrical battery is 4680 specification lugless cylindrical battery. Cylindrical battery means the battery is cylindrical in shape, 4680 refers to the battery specifications, 46 refers to the diameter of the cylindrical battery which is 46mm and 80 refers to the height of the battery which is 80mm. Industry insiders said that previously the main sizes of cylindrical lithium batteries were 18650 and 21700. 21700 has 50% more energy than 18650, and 4680 has 5 times more energy than 21700. p>
Minsheng Securities said that the 46 cylindrical battery80 adopts new tabless technology in cell structure, which can save costs and improve efficiency. The electrodeless ear technology increases the current conduction area, shortens the current conduction distance, and significantly reduces the internal resistance of the battery. Reducing internal resistance can reduce current deviation and extend battery life; Reducing resistance can also reduce heat generation. The effective contact area between the conductive coating of the electrode and the battery end cover can reach 100%, which can improve the heat dissipation capabilities.
Battery factories accelerate the construction of production lines
Led by automotive leader Tesla, Yiwei Lithium Energy, Panasonic, LMany manufacturers batteries, such as G New Energy, are intensifyingtheir efforts to deploy 4,680 cylindrical battery production lines.
The relevant person in charge of Yiwei Lithium Energy said in an interview with a reporter from China Securities Journal that the company's 4680 cylindrical battery factory is under construction and the partners are temporarily unable to disclose it. Everview Lithium Energy previously publicly stated that the company has completed the strategic configuration of large cylindrical batteries, including models 4680 and 4695. It is expected to release 20 GWh of production capacity in 2023 and reach 40 GWh in 2024.
Panasonic has announced plans to increase production of electric vehicle batteries three to four times by 2028, focusing mainly on the North American market. At the same time, the company's new 4680 cylindrical battery cells for vehicles, mass-producedie in the factory in Wakayama Prefecture in Japan, are expected to be supplied to Tesla from 2023.
LG New Energy said it will invest 582 billion won in the Ochang factory in South Korea to build a new 4680 cylindrical battery production line with an annual production capacity of 9 GWh. second half of 2023.
CICC predicts that 2023 should be the first year that the 4680 cylindrical battery will increase in volume. Regarding the pace of battery replacement 21,700 versus 18,650, the installed capacity of 4,680 batteries is expected to exceed 20 GWh in 2023 and exceed 100 GWh in 2024. Terminal OEM applications are also expected to penetrate gradually from Tesla to high-end electric vehicles; manufacturers such as BMW and Daimler.
Driving massive growth in demand for raw materials
Expansion in demand for batteries c4680 cylinders has led to massive growth in demand for upstream raw materials. Yahua Group said on the interactive platform: "The company is the main supplier of lithium hydroxide used in 4680 cylindrical batteries. Market demand for 4680 cylindrical batteries is expected to grow at a rate of 10 times annually this year and next year. /p>
The relevant manager of Shi Dashenghua said: "At present, the company's main product is high-efficiency silicone-carbon anode material of first order, and 4680 cylindrical batteries are the main target customer. band. It is expected that by 2025, the demand for 4,680 cylindrical batteries will exceed 200 GWh, the corresponding demand for silicon-based anodes will exceed 160,000 tons. Details will depend on actual production data,” according to Shi Dashenghua’s announcement. Si-based anode production linesilicon tons/year will be completed and put into trial production in 2021, and there will be an additional 2,000 tons per year. The production capacity plan of 10,000 tons/year will be implemented by the end of 2022.
Tianci Materials said: “The 4680 cylindrical battery electrolyte development project of the company is in the pilot phase. The aim of the project is to meet the demand for electrolyte in cylindrical batteries and solve the problems of seepage and fast charging. and high temperature performance"
CICC said that the rapid increase in the volume of 4680 cylindrical batteries will lead to high demand for new materials. It is expected that by 2025, cathodes high-nickel and silicon-carbon anodes, and lithium bisfluorosulfonyl imide (LiFSI), lithium supplement, conductive agent, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)The demand will reach 391,000 tons, 163,000 tons, respectively.20,000 tons, 12,000 tons, 19,000 tons and 31,000 tons.
Tesla announced that the 4680 cylindrical battery will be mass produced before the end of 2 year.Tesla recently announced that it will achieve mass production of the new 4680 cylindrical battery by end of 2022. Some media learned from many companies that Yiwei Lithium Energy, Panasonic and LG New Energy deployed 4,680 cylindrical batteries and quickly promoted mass production. At the same time, they will pilot related products produced by industrial chain companies such as Yahua Group and Shida Shenghua. , and Tianci Materials. The demand for raw materials is increasing rapidly.
It is expected that 2023 will be the first year of increase in the volume of 4680 cylindrical batteries. The rapid increase in the volume of 4680 cylindrical batteries will lead to an increase in demand for new materials.
The batrie 4680 is a new generation cylindrical battery launched by Tesla with a diameter of 46mm and a height of 80mm. It uses a large battery cell + a full pole terminal + a dry battery. technology. Compared with the 2170 battery, the battery energy is increased by 5 times, the power is increased by 5 times, the cruising range is increased by 16%, and the cost is reduced by 14%.
Among domestic companies, CATL has planned 8 production lines corresponding to 12 GWh of large cylinder production capacity. Yiwei Lithium Energy's annual large-cylinder production capacity of 20GWh began construction in 2022 and realized small batch procurement, including 4680 and 4695 models. The production capacity is expected to be increased to 20 GWh in 2023 and expanded to 40 GWh in 2024.
The development trend of large-scale application of 4680 large cylindrical batterieswill have a variable impact on the high-nickel, cobalt-free and high-nickel ternary industrial chain. even quaternary cathodes, CTC technology, silicon-carbon negative electrode carbon nanotubes, PVDF coating, etc. will be positively affected to some extent.
Among them, lithium is the core material of the battery, silicon is the main material of the negative electrode, and nickel is the main material of the positive electrode. The growth in demand is the most important.
Tesla announced that the 4680 cylindrical battery would be mass-produced before the end of 3 years.Two years ago, Musk revealed at Tesla's "Battery Day" that the company would launch a new important battery which will be a milestone. units increase cruising range and reduce production costs to support mass production of purely electric products such as Cy pickup trucksbertruck.
This is Tesla's 4680 cylindrical battery. According to the plan, it will be mass produced by the end of 2022.
The full name of the 4680 cylindrical battery is 4680 specification cylindrical battery without tabs. Cylindrical battery, as the name suggests, refers to the cylindrical shape of the battery. 4680 refers to the battery specifications - 46 refers to the cylindrical battery diameter of 46mm and 80 refers to the battery height of 80mm.
According to data released by Tesla, the energy density of the 4680 battery will be five times that of the 2170 battery, and the cruising range of the vehicle will also be increased by 16%. .Combined with improvements in battery materials and vehicle design, the net increase in cruising range will reach 56% and production costs can be reduced by 54%.
Musk hasrepeatedly pointed out that the 4680 battery is expected to support the production of one million electric vehicles in 2022. However, at present, the large-scale mass production of this battery is still pending. early and difficult stage.
Although he has encountered many difficulties, Musk is full of confidence in the future of the 4680 battery and claims that the battery will "completely rewrite the rules of the electric vehicle industry." If production at the end of the year can meet expectations, Musk will launch the Cybertruck in mid-2023. Over the previous two years, this electric van has repeatedly missed the deadline, which is a typical case of "gaining momentum". at the beginning and difficult production at the later stage.
However, production of 4,680 cells has been limited, so Tesla must continue to rely on the 2,170 cells produced at its new Texas factory.
“To be clear, we are currently producing electric vehicles with 2,170 batteries, and we have enough 2,170 batteries to meet the production of the remaining new cars this year. Tesla doesn't need 4,680 batteries. this year, but "The 4680 battery will play a very important role next year." Musk said at the last shareholders' meeting that progress in mass production of the 4680 battery would not affect Tesla's goal of producing 1.5 million new cars this year, but it will. It's different.
At least, it is very critical for the smooth running of mass production of the Cybertruck.
When Tesla launched the Cybertruck, it promised a series of excellent performance, and the 4680 battery is needed to realize these promises. Since the 4680 battery uses many innovative technologies, it is currently difficultIt is difficult for Tesla to predict the speed of growth of its production. Even Musk, as helmsman, will only be sure of achieving high productivity by the end of this year.
North American industry analysts predict that Tesla's production capacity of 4,680 batteries will be difficult to meet expectations before May 2023. In fact, besides the slow ramp-up of production capacity, the current mass production of 4680 batteries still lacks some raw materials and manufacturing improvements in the production process.
Some analysts believe that Tesla's 4680 resembles a "bigger" battery without much technological innovation, and that mass production is far behind the original plan. The end result is that this affects the mass production of Tesla's Cybertruck electric pickup truck and Semi electric semi-trailer.
“It’s a living room about batteries. »
Taylor Ogan, CEO of Snow Bull Capital and owner of Tesla, told Automotive News that Tesla's battery innovation still has a long way to go. “I always thought that TesThe 4680 battery will outperform the 2170 in many aspects, but in fact the highlights are not outstanding.”
The road ahead is long and setbacks are inevitable.
In Berlin, Tesla launched the Model 1 based on 2170 batteries After the Texas Gigafactory began producing the Model Y equipped with 4680 batteries, the company recently added Model Y with 2170 batteries in the Austin factory
There are already many Model Y models in the world equipped with 4680 batteries, but compared to. models equipped with 2170 batteries produced in the Fremont factory, it seems that the new cars equipped with 4680 batteries are not as amazing as they imagined.Investors have always paid close attention to this topic, as new battery technologies and the ecology of electric vehicle manufacturing are seen as key to Tesla's future plans. So Wall Street analysts with a keen sense of smell have discovered potential problems in Tesla's battery business. At the recent second-quarter shareholder meeting and financial reporting conference, most of the questions raised revolved around the 4680 battery. Jeffrey·, an analyst at Cowen, the Wall Street investment bank. Osborne said in a research report that Tesla has recently encountered difficulties in "technical" areas such as new batteries and autonomous driving. If these problems persist, the electric vehicle maker will face new pressure problems——
<. p> In recent years, the inBuyers have become increasingly dissatisfied with Tesla due to frequent product delays and flashy flags.The car leaves. Has the 4680 battery become?
The leading lithium battery materials company expanded its production of lithium fluorosulfonyl imide (LiFSI) and embarked on a new path, causing the price of sulfoxide chloride to skyrocket upstream
Now compare the demand outlook of the upstream raw material, sulfoxide chloride, driven by new and old battery material technologies: lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) and lithium bisfluorosulfonimide ( LiFSI)). Comparison and related concepts:
(1) Each advantage:
1. Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) has high ionic conductivity, a wide window of electrochemical stability, safety and low toxicity. It can better guarantee that the batterLithium ies have the advantages of high voltage and low toxicity. high specific energy.
2. Lithium bisfluorosulfonimide (LiFSI) not only has high conductivity, but also has high thermal stability (below 200°C) and has excellent low temperature performance, good). stability to hydrolysis and has the advantages of inhibiting the expansion of battery gases. This will significantly improve the high temperature cycle stability of the battery, including extending service life, improving performance and safety. disadvantages:
1. Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) has poor thermal stability and is easy to hydrolyze, which can easily cause rapid attenuation of battery capacity, and has limited application in the field of high temperature and high power tension.
2. Lithium bisfluorosulfonylimide (LiFSI) is technicalvery difficult and expensive. LiFSI is currently used as a solute additive mixed with hexafluoride and used in the electrolyte of ternary energy batteries to improve performance.
2. Top battery material companies that have started to shift to lithium bisfluorosulfonyl imide:
(1) Sanmei Co., Ltd. 603379 (leading refrigerant enterprise in Zhejiang Province) Reasons for selection: On March 25, 2020, Sanmei Co., Ltd. and Huasheng Lithium Power jointly constructed a 3,000 ton/year lithium bisfluorosulfonimide (LiFSI) project. The project was constructed in three phases, with an annual production of 500 tonnes. first phase. (2) Tianji 002759 shares (engaged in R&D and innovation of small household appliances for health care) Reason for selection: On September 18, it was stated on the investor interaction platform that the capacity of productionn of 10,000 tons of lithium hexafluorophosphate had been increased by the partnership The company also includes new lithium salts, including LiFSI's technical reserves, which can ensure production and operation.
(3) Tianci Materials 002709 (one of the leading manufacturers of personal care product materials and lithium battery materials)
Reason for selection: production capacity The company's existing capacity of new lithium salt LiFSI is 2,300 tons. By the end of the year, 4,000 tons of new production capacity will be added, and the scale of production capacity and layout progress will enable the industry to fully share the growth dividends new lithium salts.
(4) Xinzhoubang 300037 (domestic leading electronic chemical manufacturer) Reason for selection: The company currently has a production capacity of 200TBnnes of new lithium salt LiFSI and will add 400 tons of production capacity by the end. of the year.
(5) Polyfluoropolymer 002407 (world leader in fluorinated salts) Reason for selection: On July 16, 2021, the company plans to use the self-raised funds to invest in the construction of 40,000 tons of lithium bisfluorosulfonimide (LiFSI). (6) Yongtai Technology 002326 (leader in fluorobenzene fine chemicals industry) Reason for selection: The company's existing lithium bisfluorosulfonimide (LiFSI) production capacity is about 700 tons/year and the production capacity under construction is 2,000 tonnes/year.
3. The key raw material of lithium bisfluorosulfonylimide (LiFSI) - sulfoxide chloride is launching and developing large-scale LiFSI production this year, and the most beneficial are the upstream raw materials. materials. Sulfoxide chloride is the essential raw materialtielle of the new energy battery material LiFSI (lithium bisfluorosulfonimide). It belongs to a very polluting industry and the approval of new production capacities has virtually stopped in various places. China is also the main producer of sulfoxide chloride. The above major battery material companies can only purchase from existing sulfoxide chloride manufacturers.
At present, the A-share market mainly includes the following companies and their annual production capacity: leader Kaisheng New Materials 220,000 tons (the world's largest manufacturer and the only chloride manufacturer of battery grade sulfoxide) Chlorine-Alkali Chemicals 20,000 tons Shilong Industrial has 40,000 tons and Jinhe Industrial has 20,000 tons. In addition, Jiahua Energy is a manufacturer of liquid chlorine as an upstream raw material for thionyl chloride, with a capChlor-alkali production capacity of 297,000 tons per year.
Recently, the hurricane of new energy vehicles has become bigger and bigger. Not only did the leader CATL launch a 15 billion yuan expansion project, lithium battery giant Panasonic also officially announced that the 4680 battery is close to commercial maturity and plans to further expand its capacity. production in Mexico.
In addition, Yiwei Lithium Energy also invested 30.521 billion yuan and 6.2 billion yuan respectively to build a 152.61 GWh lithium battery and power system R&D and production base. Jingmen, as well as a large 20GWh cylindrical battery production line and passenger vehicle auxiliary facilities project, 16GWh square lithium iron phosphate battery production line and auxiliary facilities project.
As a source of energy for vehiclesnew energy cars, the core of the battery undoubtedly occupies a key position, and its cost accounts for about one third of the entire vehicle. The advent of the "production expansion wave" and the mass production of 4,680 batteries were revealed, which undoubtedly fueled the enthusiasm for new energy vehicles.
Which 4680 battery suddenly caught fire?
The so-called 4680 is actually a summary of the battery size. 46 means the diameter of the cylindrical battery is 46mm, and 80 means the height of the battery is 80mm. This is a new battery launched by Tesla during “Battery Day” last year. Compared with the 1865 and 2170 size cylindrical lithium batteries previously used by Tesla, the advantages of the 4680 battery are reflected in battery capacity, production cost and efficiency.
According to Musk, the new tipless battery type 4680 will increase battery capacity by five times and increase cruising range by 16% while reducing costs. Additionally, resistance can be reduced through the "poleless lug" process, so that heat dissipation and flow issues can be resolved.
The reason for the increase in battery capacity is the increase in size. The 4680 battery has 5 times the capacity of the 2170 battery, and increasing the capacity naturally increases the cruising range. Improving production efficiency and reducing costs are reflected in large batteries. They are also used in 75 kWh electric vehicles. The older 1865 version requires about 7,100 batteries, the 2170 requires 4,400 batteries, and the newer 4680 battery only requires 4,400 batteries. 950 cells and fewer cells, the space utilization rate is improved dAt the same time, the time required for production and assembly is reduced, so the efficiency of the unit is significantly improved, which also reduces the cost per kilowatt hour by 14%.
Battery factories compete for large-scale model 4680
From a global perspective, Tesla is still the automaker that uses cylindrical power batteries on a large scale. ladder. European automakers such as Daimler and Renault mainly use flexible batteries, while domestic automakers mainly use prismatic batteries. Battery selection and planning cannot be changed in a short time. If the 4680 battery is officially launched, the main customers in the short term will still be Tesla.
For now, Panasonic seems to have the upper hand in this competition. Some ind reportsique that Panasonic has fundamentally technologically Ready to mass produce Tesla 4680 batteries, the company is currently building a production line in Japan and conducting trial production. After the technology is completed, it will move to mass production. However, looking at the global industrial chain, Panasonic, CATL, LG New Energy, Yiwei Lithium Energy and other companies will be potential future partners of Tesla's 4680 battery.
Tesla just announced that it will gradually replace ternary lithium batteries with lithium iron phosphate batteries, which means that companies such as CATL and Yiwei Lithium Energy will still have a place in the competition for 4680 batteries. After all, 4680 is only one size, and 4680 brand lithium iron phosphate batteries are also possible, and can further reduce costs. Tesla will obviously not abandon this market.
It can also be seen from the current trends of major battery manufacturers that many players in the industrial chain are actively developing 4680 batteries. Take Yiwei Lithium Energy as an example. Its Jingmen Power energy storage battery industrial park, in which it invested 46.3 billion yuan, officially began construction, covering the entire lithium battery industrial chain and bringing together many industry leaders. lithium battery industry. At the start-up event, Liu Jincheng, president of Yiwei Lithium Energy, clearly stated that "this could be the first production base for mass production of 4680 and 4695 batteries in the world, and the batteries produced here will be equipped for the world."
In addition, the "20 GWh large cylindrical battery production line project and auxiliary facilities for passenger vehicles" of Yiwei Lithium Energy will inevitably include large cylindrical batteries such as 4680.
Many players in the industrial chain are expected to benefit
Some institutional reports have already highlighted that 4680 batteries are expected to accelerate the development of high-quality ternary batteries. -nickel batteries and the use of silicon-containing anode materials The proportion will also be improved, and corresponding progress and changes may occur in its shell manufacturing process, tab welding and other aspects.
Specific to the industrial chain, Sun Xiaoya, analyst of Tianfeng Securities, pointed out that the 4680 battery will lead to an improvement in the ASP of the all-material system, including silicon-based anodes, nanotubes of carbon and LiFSI has an incremental logic.
Currently in the relevant industrial chain, in terms of materialsof positive and negative electrodes, Zhongwei Co., Ltd., Dangsheng Technology, Rongbai Technology, etc. deploy high nickel cathodes, and Beterui, Putelai, and Si-carbon anodes are present Shanshan Co., Ltd., etc., in terms of structural parts, Kodali, Slack, etc., in terms of equipment, Lianying Laser, Haimuxing, etc., these companies all have their place; in the competition for 4680 batteries.
In addition, Yiwei Lithium Energy, Kedali, Zhongwei Co., Ltd., China Baoan, Tiannai Technology, Tianci Materials and other companies have also made arrangements and may continue to benefit in the future. future.