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SIST-TP CEN/TR 15840:2009
01-junij-2009
Ovrednotenje skladnosti za elektrofiltrski pepel - Smernice za uporabo EN 450-2
Evaluation of conformity of fly ash for concrete - Guidelines for the application of EN 450-
2
Bewertung der Konformität von Flugasche für Beton - Leitlinien für die Anwendung von
EN 450-2
Evaluation de la conformité de cendres volantes pour béton - Guide pour l'application de
EN 450-2
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 15840:2009
ICS:
91.100.30 Beton in betonski izdelki Concrete and concrete
products
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15840:2009 en,fr
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST-TP CEN/TR 15840:2009
TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 15840
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
January 2009
ICS 91.100.30
English Version
Evaluation of conformity of fly ash for concrete - Guidelines for
the application of EN 450-2
Evaluation de la conformité de cendres volantes pour le Bewertung der Konformität von Flugasche für Beton -
béton - Guide pour l'application de l'EN 450-2 Leitlinien für die Anwendung von EN 450-2
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 18 November 2008. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 104.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 15840:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents
Foreword .4
Introduction .5
1 Scope .6
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions .6
3.1 Specific definitions .6
3.2 General definitions .8
4 Tasks for the producer .9
4.1 Factory production control .9
4.2 Internal quality control . 13
4.3 Autocontrol testing of samples . 16
5 Tasks fro the certification body . 19
5.1 General . 19
5.2 Surveillance, assessment and acceptance of the production control . 19
5.3 Evaluation of the results of autocontrol testing of samples . 21
5.4 Audit testing of samples taken at the production plant/depot and initial type testing . 24
5.5 Initial inspection of the production plant and the production control . 27
5.6 Evaluation of test results during the initial period . 29
6 Actions in the event of non-conformity . 30
6.1 Actions to be taken by the producer . 30
6.2 Actions to be taken by the certification body . 30
7 Procedure for third party certification of conformity . 31
8 Certificate of conformity and conformity mark . 34
8.1 Indication of conformity . 34
8.2 Certificate of conformity . 36
8.3 Conformity mark . 36
9 Requirements for dispatching centres . 37
9.1 General requirements . 37
9.2 Tasks for the intermediary . 37
9.3 Tasks for the third party . 38
Annex A (normative) Evaluation of the representativeness and the accuracy of the fineness test
results . 41
A.1 General . 41
A.2 Sets of results considered . 41
A.3 Evaluation procedure . 41
Annex B (informative) General definitions . 44
B.1 Definitions based on the Construction Products Directive . 44
B.2 Definitions from or based on EN 45020 . 44
B.3 Definition from EN ISO 9000 . 44
B.4 Definitions from EN 197-1 and EN 196-7 . 45
Bibliography . 46
1 The numbering and headings of clauses follow those in EN 450-2:2005.
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Tables
Table 1 — Actions to be taken by the certification body in the event of non-conformity of the
results of autocontrol and/or audit testing . 39
Table 2 — Confirmation and audit testing of samples of certified fly ash taken at dispatching
a
centres: properties and minimum testing frequencies . 40
Table A.1 — Symbols . 42
Figures
Figure 1 — Typical sequence of evaluations of the autocontrol test results for fly ash (control
period 12 months, based on the minimum frequency of two evaluations per year) . 22
Figure 2 — Typical evaluations of autocontrol test results (see 5.3.4). 23
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Foreword
This document (CEN/TR 15840:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 “Concrete
and related products”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
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Introduction
The purpose of this Guidelines Document is to provide explanatory detail on points not fully
elaborated in EN 450-2:2005 "Fly ash for concrete – Part 2: Conformity evaluation". It is intended for
use by producers and by certification bodies involved in the certification of fly ash following EN 450-1
and EN 450-2, in particular for the issuing of an EC Certificate of Conformity.
This document does not deal with the necessary internal procedures that the certification bodies will
have.
It is an objective of this Guidelines Document that its use will assist in the establishment of
equivalent procedures for certification of fly ash. It is expected that, following this document,
traditional good procedures and practices that may be different can continue to be used, provided
that they are not in contradiction with
EN 450-1:2005 and EN 450-2. Such existing good procedures and practices, applied in conjunction
with these Guidelines, are not considered to be an impediment to the achievement of the uniform
level of certification throughout Europe, and by different certification bodies that is expected from the
application of EN 450-2 together with these Guidelines.
This Guidelines Document is based on existing situations for production, evaluation of conformity
and certification of fly ashes. It may happen that certification bodies be confronted by a situation
different to those included in this document. In such a case, specific procedures should be
elaborated on a case by case situation and be approved and fully recorded by the Certification Body.
These specific procedures should always fulfil the requirements of EN 450-1:2005 and EN 450-2 and
lead to the same level of confidence in product conformity that would be achieved by application of
this Guidelines Document.
The clause numbering system of EN 450-2 is followed. The text of each of the clauses of the Standard
is reproduced in full and is followed by guidance, which is provided only for those clauses where
clarification or elaboration is needed.
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1 Scope
This document specifies the scheme for the evaluation of conformity of fly ash according to EN 450-1:2005.
The document provides technical rules for the production control by the producer, including autocontrol testing
of samples. It also provides rules for actions to be followed in the event of non-conformity, the procedure for
the certification of conformity and requirements for dispatching centres.
Guidance
EN 450-2 deals with the evaluation of conformity of fly ash submitted for certification. It deals in particular
with cases where “further testing” of the product is undertaken, as is the case for attestation system 1 +
under the Construction Products Directive. The product for which EN 450-2 applies is defined in
EN 450-1:2005 as fly ash for the production of concrete which consists of a fine powder of mainly
spherical, glassy particles, derived from burning of pulverised coal, with or without co-combustion
materials, which has pozzolanic properties.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement — Part 1: Determination of strength
EN 196-7, Methods of testing cement — Part 7: Methods of taking and preparing samples of cement
EN 450-1:2005, Fly ash for concrete — Part 1: Definition, specifications and conformity criteria
EN 450-2:2005, Fly ash for concrete — Part 2: Conformity evaluation
EN 451-2, Method of testing fly ash — Part 2: Determination of fineness by wet sieving
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 Specific definitions
3.1.1
certificate of conformity to EN 450-1:2005
document issued under the rules of a certain scheme for the evaluation of conformity indicating that adequate
confidence is provided that fly ash is in conformity with EN 450-1:2005
Guidance
The term “certificate of conformity” refers to certificates of conformity issued by a certification body under
the rules of EN 450-2. This includes an EC Certificate of Conformity issued in relation to the CPD.
3.1.2
conformity mark
protected mark applied on the basis of the certificate of conformity (see 3.1.1)
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Guidance
The term “protected mark” includes registered mark, regulated mark and CE marking.
3.1.3
certified fly ash
fly ash for which a certificate of conformity has been issued
3.1.4
initial period
immediate period after the first issuing of the certificate of conformity for a fly ash
3.1.5
certification body
impartial body, governmental or non-governmental, possessing the necessary competence and responsibility
to carry out conformity certification according to given rules of procedure and management
3.1.6
production control
permanent internal control of fly ash production exercised by the producer consisting of internal quality control
and autocontrol testing
3.1.7
production plant
facility used by a producer for the production of fly ash:
a) power plant with one (several) boiler(s),
b) processing plant, for example for the classification, selection, sieving, drying, blending, grinding
and/or carbon reduction of fly ash(es).
In the production plant, equipment has to be used which is suitable for production of fly ash including the
necessary silo capacity for the storage and dispatch of the fly ash produced, and equipment to test, evaluate
and control the fly ash production. This equipment and the production control applied allow the control of
production with sufficient accuracy to ensure that the requirements of EN 450-1:2005 are met
Guidance
Two categories of production plant are recognised:
traditional power station facility where fly ash is produced as part of the production of electricity;
processing plants that may or may not be on a power station facility, where ashes are altered in
some manner.
3.1.8
new production plant
production plant which is not already producing fly ash certified under this scheme
3.1.9
existing production plant
production plant which is already producing fly ash certified under this scheme
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3.1.10
depot
bulk fly ash handling facility (not located at the production plant) used for the dispatch of fly ash (whether in
bulk or bagged) after transfer or storage, where the producer has full responsibility for all aspects of the quality
of the fly ash
Guidance
It is important to point out the difference between a depot and a dispatching centre. The difference
consists essentially of the linkage to the production plant and the responsibility for the quality of the fly ash.
In the case of a depot, the facility is strictly linked to the production plant and is included in the production
plant Works’ quality manual. The producer has full responsibility for the quality of the fly ash released from
the depot. In a dispatching centre, in contrast, the facility is not at all linked to the production plant and it is
an intermediary (an entity taking certified fly ash, acting independently and operating between the
producer and a subsequent customer) who has full responsibility for the quality of the fly ash dispatched. A
dispatching centre, being independent from the production plant cannot be included in a Works’ quality
manual, but it has to ensure, using appropriate rules, that the quality of an already certified fly ash does
not undergo any change.
Depots are included in the Works’ quality manual. An entity other than the producer may own and operate
the depot but it does this on behalf of and under the strict quality management responsibility of the
producer.
3.1.11
dispatching centre
bulk fly ash handling facility (not located at the production plant) used for the dispatch of fly ash after transfer
or storage where an intermediary has full responsibility for all aspects of the quality of the fly ash
Guidance
See guidance under 3.1.10 and 9.1.
3.1.12
intermediary
natural or legal person who takes from the producer fly ash certified according to EN 450-2 and bearing the
conformity mark, who undertakes full responsibility for maintaining in a dispatching centre all aspects of the
quality of the fly ash and who supplies the fly ash onwards to a further natural or legal person
3.1.13
confirmation autocontrol testing
continual testing carried out by an intermediary which consists of testing of samples taken by the intermediary
at the point(s) of release from the dispatching centre
3.1.14
works’ quality manual
document that provides information on the production control which is applied by a producer at a particular
production plant to ensure conformity of the fly ash with the requirements of EN 450-1:2005
3.1.15
producer
the operator of the production plant or a person (natural or legal) authorised by the production plant and
named in the certificate of conformity
3.2 General definitions
See Annex B (informative).
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4 Tasks for the producer
4.1 Factory production control
4.1.1 Concept
Production control means the permanent internal control of fly ash production exercised by the producer. It
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consists of internal quality control (see 4.2) and autocontrol testing of samples of fly ash taken at the point of
release (see 4.3).
NOTE The requirements of EN 450-2 as regards the production control take account of those clauses of
EN ISO 9001 [6] which are relevant to the production, process control and testing of fly ash.
Guidance
The purpose of production control is to ensure that the fly ash is manufactured in a controlled way to meet
all of the requirements of EN 450-1:2005. In order that a certification body can verify such a system, it has
to be documented in a structured way. This is carried out in a Works’ quality manual supported and cross-
referenced by a series of procedures, work instructions and other associated and relevant documents.
These need to be clear, concise and adopt recommended good practices where applicable. The
production control system may form part of a wider, integrated management system provided it can be
demonstrated that all applicable EN 450-2 requirements are addressed. See also the Note in 4.1.2 of the
Standard.
4.1.2 Works' quality manual
The producer's documentation and procedures for the production control shall be described in a Works' quality
manual, which shall adequately describe, among other things:
a) the quality aims and the organisational structure, responsibilities and powers of the responsible staff
with regard to product quality and the means to monitor the achievement of the required product
quality and the effective operation of the internal quality control (see 4.1.3);
b) the production and quality control techniques, processes and systematic actions that will be used
(see 4.2.1, 4.2.3 and 4.3.2);
c) the inspections and tests that will be carried out before, during and after production, and the
frequency with which they will be carried out (see 4.2.2, 4.3.1 and 4.3.3).
The Works' quality manual prepared by the producer for each production plant shall include an adequate
system of documentation (see 4.1.4 and 4.3.4). In case of suitability testing of fly ash from co-combustion of
pulverised coal with certain co-combustion materials according to EN 450-1:2005, the procedure of sampling
shall be documented in agreement with the certification body.
The Works' quality manual shall address and document the procedures operated to ensure that the fly ash
conforms to the technical specifications. The manual may reference associated documents that provide
further details of the autocontrol testing of samples and the internal quality control. For the purpose of this
scheme, the term Works' quality manual shall be considered to include these associated documents.
NOTE In the case of an existing quality management system according to EN ISO 9001 [6], the certification body
may examine if the corresponding quality manual meets all the requirements of EN 450-1:2005 which are relevant to the
production control of fly ash. Provided all the requirements are included, the quality manual may also be applied for the
product certification.
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This testing corresponds also to the ‘further testing of samples’ mentioned in Annex III Section 2 point (i) of the
Construction Products Directive 89/106/EEC.
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Guidance
The Works’ quality manual is the fundamental document that describes the production control system
operated by the fly ash production plant. It should clearly state the scope of the production control system
and must describe how each of the elements of the system, as outlined in Clauses 4.1 to 4.3.4, are
controlled and maintained.
The Works’ quality manual normally comprises a main document together with associated documents
and technical procedures. All these documents are written in the current language of the production
plant’s country.
To ensure an effective production control system, there needs to be a well defined organisational
structure within the fly ash production plant, showing very clearly the lines of reporting. This is best
achieved by one or more simple diagrams. The manual should list all personnel who can affect quality
within the manufacturing process together with their job titles and refer to a description of their tasks and
responsibilities within the quality function. These should pay particular attention to the level of authority to
check, assess, verify and pass conforming co-combustion materials and product.
Illustrative Example of Responsibilities - For Information Only
Quality Manager
The Quality Manager has two overall responsibilities: to ensure that adequate quality procedures
exist and to ensure that the procedures are carried out. The Quality Manager is responsible to the
producer for:
the co-ordination, monitoring and updating of the Works’ quality manual procedures;
ensuring that all personnel at every level are kept informed of working methods, procedures,
specifications and quality targets;
setting the requirements for process control and supervising their written transmission to the appropriate
personnel;
assessing the conformity of raw materials to the relevant specifications;
controlling of off-specification fly ashes and criteria for co-combustion materials;
the identification and resolution of non-conformities in the production control system;
supervising the recording and processing of relevant data and consequent approval;
provide senior personnel with periodic reports on the compliance status of the fly ash.
There needs to be a quality plan for the production of conforming fly ash and whilst it must be recognised that
the plan can take on one of many forms and include such things as process flow charts and control tables, it
must show how each of the parts of the process are connected. There must be a clear indication of where
samples are taken and at what frequency, together with the tests to be applied. Targets and acceptability
criteria should also be documented.
Regarding the Note at the end of 4.1.2, in the case of an existing quality management system in accordance
with EN ISO 9001 [6], it should be clearly stated in the Works’ quality manual that the system is also used for
factory production control according to EN 450-2.
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4.1.3 Management systems
4.1.3.1 Quality policy statement
The Works' quality manual shall include a statement by the management of the producer defining its quality
policy, objectives and commitments to the attainment of product quality.
4.1.3.2 Management representative
If the producer is a person authorized by the production plant (see 3.1.15), suitable relations between the
producer and the production plant shall be established and documented in order to ensure that the
requirements of this document are met.
Guidance
The Management Representative should be clearly shown to have the necessary dedication, time and
authority to ensure that fly ash continues to conform to EN 450-1:2005 by the adoption of the
requirements of the documented production control system. As he has the ultimate responsibility for the
effective operation of production control, his responsibilities should at least include maintenance of the
Works’ quality manual, the operation of process and autocontrol and the evaluation of the fly ash data to
EN 450-1:2005 requirements. Effective and unrestricted communication channels to other affected
departments must be open to the management representative to discuss possible problems.
The authority and responsibility for the production control system and the quality assurance of fly ash are
not necessarily held by the same person.
The Works’ quality manual should state to whom the responsibility is transferred in the absence of the
management representative.
4.1.3.3 Internal audits and management review
In order to ensure the continuing suitability and effectiveness of the Work’s quality manual to meet the
requirements of EN 450-1:2005, the producer shall perform at least once per year:
a) internal audits covering the scope of this Clause 4 and 6.1;
b) producer’s management review of the production control, taking into account records of the internal
audits.
Guidance
For audits to be of value, there needs to be evidence that non-conformities raised are progressed to a
satisfactory conclusion and this must be assessed by the management during the review. Reviews should
be conducted to an established formal agenda by a management team and a record made of the findings,
showing actions to be taken and relevant responsibilities. Reviews will need to take account of not only
the internal audits but also of customer complaints.
Audits need to be carried out at an established frequency, procedures and plan, by trained personnel
independent of the area to be audited.
It is essential that internal audits cover all aspects dealt with in the Works’ quality manual.
4.1.3.4 Training
The Works' quality manual shall describe the measures taken to ensure that all the personnel involved in
operations that can affect internal quality control and product quality have appropriate experience or training.
Appropriate records shall be retained.
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Guidance
The adequate training of all personnel engaged in quality related matters and forming part of the
production control system is of prime importance. It ensures that the exact skills and level of
understanding are achieved to allow tasks to be carried out correctly and efficiently.
A training plan, covering all the relevant personnel should be available, listing the essential skills and
education required for each element of the task/responsibility to be covered. These need to cover both
technical skills and an understanding of the function and operation of quality systems. The training plan
must be supported by the management and be continuous. It should indicate the minimum educat
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