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STANDARD
SIST EN 1248:2002+A1:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 1248:2001+A1
April 2009 ICS 25.120.30 Supersedes EN 1248:2001English Version
Foundry machinery - Safety requirements for abrasive blasting equipment
Machines de fonderie - Prescriptions de sécurité pour équipements de grenaillage
Gießereimaschinen - Sicherheitsanforderungen für Strahlanlagen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 March 2001 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 1 March 2009.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1248:2001+A1:2009: ESIST EN 1248:2002+A1:2009
EN 1248:2001+A1:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .4Introduction .51Scope .52Normative references .63Terms and definitions .74!List of significant hazards" .85Safety requirements and/or measures .95.1!General" .96Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures . 247Information for use . 247.1!General . 247.2Warning devices and safety signs . 247.3Marking . 257.4Accompanying documents" . 258Maximum concentration of hazardous substances in shot blasting abrasives . 27Annex A (normative)
Description of equipment covered by this standard. 28Annex B (informative)
Illustrative solutions for safety measures of blasting equipment . 29Annex ZA (informative)
!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC" . 37Annex ZB (informative)
!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC" . 38Bibliography . 39
Figures Figure B.1 — Processing scheme with abrasive blasting media preparation (see 3.2)" . 29Figure B.2 — Shot blast wheel cover safety device (see 5.2) . 30Figure B.3 — Shot blast wheel cover safety device (see 5.2) . 31Figure B.4 — Safety measures against the propelling of abrasive blasting media (see 5.3.1.2) . 32Figure B.5 — Blasting chamber door (see 5.3.1.3 and 5.3.1.5) . 33Figure B.6 — Door locking (see 5.3.1.3) . 34Figure B.7 — Safety catch of loading flap (see 5.6.1) . 35Figure B.8 — Fixed guard (see 5.7.1) . 36SIST EN 1248:2002+A1:2009
EN 1248:2001+A1:2009 (E) 3
Tables !Table 1 — Significant hazards, hazardous situations, safety requirements and/or measures" . 11
SIST EN 1248:2002+A1:2009
EN 1248:2001+A1:2009 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 1248:2001+A1:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 202 "Foundry machinery", the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2009-03-01. This document supersedes EN 1248:2001. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! ". This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s). !For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document." An assessment of the foreseeable risks arising from the use of the equipment was carried out when this standard was drafted by CEN/TC 202/WG 4, comprising experts from the following countries: France, Germany, Italy, Sweden and United Kingdom. Annex A is normative, and Annex B is informative. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
SIST EN 1248:2002+A1:2009
EN 1248:2001+A1:2009 (E) 5 Introduction !This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are indicated in the scope of this European Standard. When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard. Where for clarity an example of a preventative measure is given in the text, this should not be considered as the only possible solution. Other solutions can be used as far as they fulfil correctly the criteria expressed in the requirement. This European Standard assumes, that the equipment is operated and maintained by trained personnel." 1 Scope This standard specifies requirements to be met by the manufacturer of abrasive blasting equipment for the foreseeable significant hazards due to design, construction and installation, during commissioning, operation, maintenance and decommissioning of the equipment which employ either centrifugal force or compressed air as a means of accelerating abrasive to achieve the desired result. Abrasive blasting equipment covers: centrifugal blasting machines; air blasting machines; loading, conveying and unloading systems for the workpieces. See Annex A for more details. This standard covers all foreseeable significant hazards which could be encountered during the lifetime of the machine as listed in clause 5. This standard does not apply to: mobile centrifugal blasting equipment; mobile air blasting equipment; wet blasting equipment; the general works compressed air supply system. SIST EN 1248:2002+A1:2009
EN 1248:2001+A1:2009 (E) 6 2 Normative references !The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies." !EN 286-1, Simple unfired pressure vessels designed to contain air or nitrogen — Part 1: Pressure vessels for general purposes EN 349, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body EN 620, Continuous handling equipment and systems — Safety and EMC requirements for fixed belt conveyors for bulk materials EN 626-1, Safety of machinery — Reduction of risks to health from hazardous substances emitted by machinery — Part 1: Principles and specifications for machinery manufacturers EN 842, Safety of machinery — Visual danger signals — General requirements, design and testing EN 953, Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards EN 981, Safety of machinery — System of auditory and visual danger and information signals EN 982, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components — Hydraulics EN 999, Safety of machinery — The positioning of protective equipment in respect of approach speeds of parts of the human body EN 1037, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up EN 1088:1995, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for design and selection EN 1265, Noise test code for foundry machines and equipment EN 60079-0, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres — Part 0: General requirements
(IEC 60079-0:2004, modified) EN 60204-1:2006, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements (IEC 60204-1:2005, modified) EN 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP-Code) (IEC 60529:1989) EN 61310-1, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 1: Requirements for visual, auditory and tactile signals (IEC 61310-1:2007) EN 61310-2, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 2: Requirements for marking (IEC 61310- 2:2007) EN ISO 7731, Ergonomics — Danger signals for public and work areas — Auditory danger signals
(ISO 7731:2003) EN ISO 10218-1, Robots for industrial environments — Safety requirements — Part 1: Robot
(ISO 10218-1:2006) SIST EN 1248:2002+A1:2009
EN 1248:2001+A1:2009 (E) 7 EN ISO 11688-1, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment — Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1:1995) EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003) EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical principles (ISO 12100-2:2003) EN ISO 13849-1:2006, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2006) EN ISO 13850:2006, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop — Principles for design (ISO 13850:2006) EN ISO 13857:2008, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008) ISO 3864-1, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 1: Design principles for safety signs in workplaces and public areas ISO 7000, Graphical symbols for use on equipment — Index and synopsis CENELEC R044-001, February 1999, Safety of machinery — Guidance and recommendations for the avoidance of hazards due to static electricity" 3 Terms and definitions !For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2003 and the following apply. NOTE Definition used in EN and ISO standards referred to in this European Standard are also valid for this European Standard." 3.1 blasting process where workpiece to be cleaned or surface to be treated is subjected to continuous attack by abrasive blasting media to achieve the desired result 3.2 blasting equipment machines employing either centrifugal force or compressed air as a means of accelerating abrasive. The equipment comprises a chamber which contains the workpiece and also prevents the abrasive media from escaping to the environment after impacting on the workpiece. It also incorporates: a system for collecting, recycling, cleaning by air or magnetic separation or a combination of both and storage for the abrasive media ready to feed back to the dosing device for abrasive media (for examples of blasting equipment types see Annex A, for an example of a processing scheme see Annex B, Figure B.1) and a conveying system for workpieces. !3.3 abrasive media granular metallic or non-metallic material to be forcibly applied to a surface to achieve the desired result NOTE Classification of metallic abrasives see EN ISO 11124-1, of non-metallic abrasives see EN ISO 11126-1. SIST EN 1248:2002+A1:2009
EN 1248:2001+A1:2009 (E) 8 3.4 free-jet work manual blasting process carried out with hand held nozzles without protective separation between the operator and the rebounding abrasive media and generated dust NOTE In general the use of an appropriate abrasive blasting helmet and other protective clothing will be necessary in this case." 3.5 exhaust system extraction device which collects contaminated air under a slight negative pressure and transports it via appropriate ducting to a dust collector 3.6 dust separator air cleaning device to remove contaminated particulates prior to discharge to the atmosphere 3.7 explosion relief panel device to release pressure safely and rapidly 3.8 transfer car vehicle used for transporting the workpieces into and out of the blasting chamber NOTE The vehicle is often on rails. 3.9 machine setting control of the actuation of a mechanism during setting phases when the machine is manually controlled; guards having been by-passed 3.10 manual operation any sequence or event which is manually controlled by the operator 3.11 automatic operation every cycle initiates the next cycle automatically whereby all supplementary steps are carried out by a predetermined program 4 !List of significant hazards" Abrasive blasting equipment shall be designed to take into consideration the hazards, the safety requirements and the preventative measures referred to in clause 5. A parameter for the level of safety measures to be applied is the risk of accident to be expected, the extent of which depends upon the highest foreseeable degree of severity and effect as well as the probability of an injury e.g. exposure to risk (frequency of intervention or access or duration of stay in a danger zone). Movable safeguards or facilities with guarding functions in danger zones with fixed cycle intervention or access (e.g. during filling with molten metal, periodical manual cleaning, or trouble shooting) require a special degree of safety against unexpected start up or dangerous movements, as well as against hazardous sources and failure of relevant safeguards and control systems. !The significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt with in this document, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which require action to eliminate or reduce the risk, are listed in Clause 5, Table 1, together with the appropriate safety measures." SIST EN 1248:2002+A1:2009
EN 1248:2001+A1:2009 (E) 9 This assessment formed the basis for determining
a) The safety features which shall be incorporated into the equipment; b) Any special instructions which shall be communicated to the user. !deleted text" 5 Safety requirements and/or measures 5.1 !General 5.1.1 Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures formulated in Table 1 in relation with the different significant hazards. In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100-2 for relevant but not significant hazards which are not dealt with by this document. 5.1.2 When selecting the adequate safety measures the manufacturer shall apply the following principles in the given order: 1) elimination or minimisation of risks by integration of the safety concept into the design of the machine; 2) establishment of adequate safety measures against remaining risks (e.g. guard scaffolding, light barriers); 3) instruction to personnel concerning the remaining risks (e.g. service manuals, danger signs). When more than one measure is necessary to safeguard a hazard then all the necessary measures shall be used. When selecting the safety requirements and/or measures consideration shall be given to the different hazards that may appear at the same time. Warning signs alone are not sufficient in cases of significant risk. 5.1.3 Where access is into a working area is by guards/doors the safety related parts of the electro-mechanical/electronic control system shall be in accordance with at least performance level PL=d with use of category 3 according to EN ISO 13849-1:2006. The hydraulic and pneumatic systems shall be in accordance with at least performance level PL=c with use of category 1 according to
EN ISO 13849-1:2006. 5.1.4 Where it is possible to gain access to a hazardous area which is not protected by a movable guard or door, access shall be prevented by fixed guards in accordance with EN ISO 13857, EN 953 and EN 1088. 5.1.5 Emergency stop equipment shall be in accordance with EN ISO 13850 (where applicable, for determination of stop categories see Table 1). 5.1.6 The following Table 1 is developed to allow the designer and manufacturer of the equipment to apply a logical approach for checking the design against the list of significant hazards with respect to abrasive blasting equipment. Table 1 is structured as follows: column 1 identifies the significant hazards; column 2 describes the hazardous situations; column 3 specifies the safety requirements and/or measures to avoid or minimize the hazards and hazardous situations; column 4 identifies the verification methods to be used to demonstrate conformity; the abbreviations V, P, M and D are defined as follows: SIST EN 1248:2002+A1:2009
EN 1248:2001+A1:2009 (E) 10 V: Visual inspection verifies the required features of the components. P: A test/check verifies that the features provided perform their function in such a way that the requirement is met. M: Measurement verifies that requirements are met to the specified limits. D: Drawings and/or calculations verify that the design characteristics of the components provided meet the requirements. Verification may involve more than one method."
SIST EN 1248:2002+A1:2009
EN 1248:2001+A1:2009 (E) 11 !Table 1 — Significant hazards, hazardous situations, safety requirements and/or measures Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Significant hazard Hazardous situation Safety measures according to the mentioned standards and/or specific measures Verifi-cation 5.2 Centrifugal wheel assembly (see Annex B, Figures B.2 and B.3) 5.2.1 Shearing and crushing. Cutting and severing Access to shear traps between fixed and internal rotating parts from either a hooded wheel or accessible through a door when the wheel is running up or down. 3.25.5 of EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and interlocking guard with guard locking according EN 953 and EN 1088, connected with stop category 1 according 4.1.4 of EN ISO 13850:2006. V, D 5.2.2 Impact by ejection of parts Exposure to thrown off abrasive media/workpiece or projectile. 3.25.5 of EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and EN 953, e.g. withstand the impact of propelled abrasive media as well as an escaping wheel blade whilst the wheel is running. V 5.2.3 Cutting, severing crushing Access to pneumatic/hydraulic actuated moving parts of the abrasive media feed valve, e.g. in case of trouble-shooting (clogging within pipes) and during maintenance. 3.25.1 of EN ISO 12100-1:2003 (Fixed guard). 4.10 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003. Ensure possibility of depressurising when isolating the machine. V 5.3 Blasting chamber 5.3.1 Blasting chamber of centrifugal blasting machines 5.3.1.1 Crushing, shearing, cutting, impact Access to the blasting chamber with doors. Movement of the wheels and/or wheel blades escaping whilst the wheel is running. 3.25.5 of EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and
5.4.1 of EN 1088:1995/A1:2007 connected with stop category 1 according 4.1.4 of EN ISO 13850:2006. An interlocking guard with guard locking shall be fitted to prevent the wheel starting unless the blasting chamber doors are closed and to prevent the doors being opened until the wheels have come to a complete stop. V, D
It shall not be possible to open the door(s) until the abrasive media flow had been shut off. Either a) the wheels shall have come to a complete stop; or b) the wheel hood covers shall be in closed position. V
The start up of the wheels or the opening movement of the wheel hood covers shall only be possible after the doors are closed
4.11 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003 and EN 1037 (Design control system to prevent unexpected start-up/restart).
5.3.1.2 Impact, abrasive media attack
SIST EN 1248:2002+A1:2009
EN 1248:2001+A1:2009 (E) 12 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Significant hazard Hazardous situation Safety measures according to the mentioned standards and/or specific measures Verifi-cation
Ejection of blasting abrasive media at entry and exit points of machines. Clause 4 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003 (Risk reduction by design). The abrasive material shall be prevented from escaping from the blasting chamber e.g. by the use of labyrinth of curtains, compressed air (see Annex B, Figure B.4). It is not possible to give precise details of the preventative measures because of the nature of the abrasive media and the size/shape of the workpiece to be blasted. 6.4 c of EN ISO 12100-2:2003 (Manufacturer shall specify the use of eye protection), see 7.4.2. V 5.3.1.3
Crushing, impact, abrasive media attack Persons being trapped inside the blasting chamber at the start of the operating cycle e.g. – in the case of blasting chambers permitting the entry of personnel where full access is possible from the surrounding floor areas or platforms without further means (e.g. ladders) for the purposes of inspection, – cleaning, removal of dropped workpieces, – trouble-shooting, – simultaneous maintenance by operator or maintenance people. Interlocking devices which prevent start-up shall be fitted, e.g. removable handles, electronic locks. V In addition devices shall be fitted which allow escape of persons from inside the accessible chamber (see Annex B, Figures B.5 and B.6), e.g. – doors openable from inside the chamber, – illuminated emergency stop device inside the chamber positioned by each door (EN ISO 12100-2:2003, 5.5.2). V, P Warning signs (EN 61310-1) stating "Do not enter the blasting chamber unless the machine is isolated". V 5.3.1.4
Abrasive media attack Alternative use of centrifugal blasting machines for air blasting, unexpected start of centrifugal blasting wheel during air blasting.3.25.4 of EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and EN 1088. An interlock between the wheel drive and air blasting system (e.g. a key system) shall be fitted to prevent rotation of the centrifugal wheel during manual air blasting. V, P 5.3.1.5
Crushing impact Movement of power-driven doors when opening and shutting. Crushing between door and frame or structure. Use one or more of the following measures as appropriate: – 5.3.2.6 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003 (Construction of edges, see Annex B, Figure B.5), – 3.26.5/3.26.6 of EN ISO 12100-1:2003 (Trip devices), – 3.26.3 of EN ISO 12100-1:2003 (Hold-to-run control devices, for doors visible from the control panel), V
EN 349 (Safety distances).
The operating manual shall provide instructions to avoid danger points due to machine positioning and instruction for floor marking.
SIST EN 1248:2002+A1:2009
EN 1248:2001+A1:2009 (E) 13 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Significant hazard Hazardous situation Safety measures according to the mentioned standards and/or specific measures Verifi-cation 5.3.1.6 Crushing and shearing Unexpected closing of doors under gravity. 3.26.7 of EN ISO 12100-1:2003 Devices to prevent the doors falling from the open position such as – self actuated mechanical restraint devices with direct effect on the door or – check valves or control valves that are directly attached to the working cylinders and that lock closed automatically in the event of pressure loss shall meet EN 982. V 5.3.1.7 Crushing Falling of parts caused by abrasive wear of load hooks. Design of the hook with a safety factor of four to allow abrasive wear. D, V
Reference shall be made in the instruction handbook that the hooks shall be replaced when limits of hook wear have been reached. The instruction handbook shall state the limit of the permissible hook wear. Building up of the hook by welding is prohibited.
Rotary drum falling out of blasting machine. Mechanical safety device, e.g. restraint rolls in the rolling area (such rolls shall be designed to accommodate the mass of the rotary drum and its designed load or capacity and to withstand the weight of the drum and its payload). D, V 5.3.1.8 Slip, trip Slip, trip within a walk-in blasting chamber permitting the entry of personnel for inspection, cleaning, maintenance or trouble-shooting. Install anti-slip floorplates or grids inside the chamber
(for apertures see EN ISO 13857). V 5.3.2 Blasting chamber of air blasting machines 5.3.2.1 Abrasive media attack (environment and persons coming from outside) Start of the blasting process if doors are opened or opening of doors during blasting. 3.25.4 of EN ISO 12100-1:2003 and EN 1088 (Interlocked door). Design to ensure that blasting cannot be initiated until the doors are closed. Opening of a door shall stop the blasting process. V, D 5.3.2.2 Crushing, impact, abrasive media attack Persons being trapped inside the blasting chamber at the start of the operating cycle e.g. – in the case of blasting chambers permitting the entry of personnel where full access is possible from the surrounding floor areas or platforms without further means (e.g. ladders) for the purposes of inspection, – cleaning, removal of dropped workpieces, – trouble-shooting, – simultaneous maintenance by operator or maintenance people. Interlocking devices which prevent start-up shall be fitted, e.g. removable handles, key system, electronic locks (see also 5.9). V In addition devices shall be fitted which allow escape of persons from inside the accessible chamber, e.g. – doors openable from inside the chamber, – illuminated emergency stop device inside the chamber positioned by each door (EN ISO 12100-2:2003, 5.5.2). V, P Warning signs (EN 61310-1) stating "Do not enter the blasting chamber unless the machine is isolated". V SIST EN 1248:2002+A1:2009
EN 1248:2001+A1:2009 (E) 14 Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Significant hazard Hazardous situation Safety measures according to the mentioned standards and/or specific measures Verifi-cation 5.3.2.3 Crushing impact Movement of power-driven doors when opening and shutting. Crushing between door and frame or structure. Use one or more of the following measures as appropriate: – 5.3.2.6 of EN ISO 12100-2:2003 (Construction of edges), – 3.26.5/3.26.6 of EN ISO 12100-1:2003 (Trip devices), – 3.26.3 of EN ISO 12100-1:2003 (Hold-to-run control devices – for doors visible from the control panel). V
EN 349 (Safety distances)
The operating manual shall provide instructions to avoid danger points due to machine positioning and instruction for floor marking.
5.3.2.4 Crushing and sheari
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