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SIST EN ISO 19141:2009
01-september-2009
*HRJUDIVNHLQIRUPDFLMH6KHPD]DSUHPLNDMRþHHQRWH ,62
Geographic information - Schema for moving features (ISO 19141:2008)
Information géographique - Schéma des entités mobiles (ISO 19141:2008)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 19141:2009
ICS:
35.240.70 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in science
znanosti
SIST EN ISO 19141:2009 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 19141:2009
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SIST EN ISO 19141:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 19141
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2009
ICS 35.240.70
English Version
Geographic information - Schema for moving features (ISO
19141:2008)
Information géographique - Schéma des entités mobiles Geoinformation - Schema für sich bewegende Objekte (ISO
(ISO 19141:2008) 19141:2008)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 July 2009.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 19141:2009: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 19141:2009
EN ISO 19141:2009 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2
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SIST EN ISO 19141:2009
EN ISO 19141:2009 (E)
Foreword
The text of ISO 19141:2008 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211 “Geographic
information/Geomatics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over
as EN ISO 19141:2009 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 287 “Geographic Information” the secretariat of
which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by February 2010.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 19141:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 19141:2009 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 19141:2009
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SIST EN ISO 19141:2009
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19141
First edition
2008-06-01
Geographic information — Schema for
moving features
Information géographique — Schéma des entités mobiles
Reference number
ISO 19141:2008(E)
©
ISO 2008
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SIST EN ISO 19141:2009
ISO 19141:2008(E)
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© ISO 2008
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ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 19141:2009
ISO 19141:2008(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Conformance. 1
2.1 Conformance classes. 1
2.2 Requirements . 2
3 Normative references . 2
4 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms . 3
4.1 Terms and definitions. 3
4.2 Abbreviated terms . 5
5 Package – Moving Features. 6
5.1 Semantics . 6
5.2 Package structure. 7
5.3 Class hierarchy . 7
6 Package – Geometry Types . 9
6.1 Package semantics. 9
6.2 Type – MF_OneParamGeometry . 9
6.3 Type – MF_TemporalGeometry . 11
6.4 Type – MF_Trajectory. 12
6.5 Type – MF_TemporalTrajectory. 14
6.6 Class – MF_PositionExpression . 20
6.7 Type – MF_SecondaryOffset . 20
6.8 Type – MF_MeasureFunction . 21
7 Package – Prism Geometry . 22
7.1 Package structure. 22
7.2 CodeList – MF_GlobalAxisName. 23
7.3 Type – MF_LocalGeometry . 25
7.4 Type – MF_PrismGeometry . 27
7.5 Type – MF_RigidTemporalGeometry . 28
7.6 Type – MF_RotationMatrix . 29
7.7 Type – MF_TemporalOrientation. 30
8 Moving features in application schemas.30
8.1 Introduction . 30
8.2 Representing the spatial characteristics of moving features . 31
8.3 Associations of moving features . 31
8.4 Operations of moving features. 31
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite. 32
A.1 Application schemas for data transfer . 32
A.2 Application schemas for data with operations. 32
Annex B (informative) UML Notation. 34
B.1 Introduction . 34
B.2 Class. 34
B.3 Stereotype . 34
B.4 Attribute . 35
B.5 Operation . 35
B.6 Constraint . 36
B.7 Note . 36
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SIST EN ISO 19141:2009
ISO 19141:2008(E)
B.8 Association. 36
B.9 Role name . 36
B.10 Multiplicity. 37
B.11 Navigability . 37
B.12 Aggregation . 37
B.13 Composition . 38
B.14 Dependency. 38
B.15 Generalization. 38
B.16 Realization . 39
Annex C (informative) Interpolating between orientations . 40
C.1 Introduction . 40
C.2 Euler rotations and gimbal lock. 40
C.3 Interpolating between two orientation matrices . 42
C.4 Interpolating between other orientation representations . 44
C.5 Sample interpolation. 45
Bibliography . 49
iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 19141:2009
ISO 19141:2008(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 19141 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
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SIST EN ISO 19141:2009
ISO 19141:2008(E)
Introduction
This International Standard specifies a conceptual schema that addresses moving features, i.e., features
whose locations change over time. This schema includes classes, attributes, associations and operations that
provide a common conceptual framework that can be implemented to support various application areas that
deal with moving features, including:
⎯ Location Based Services,
⎯ Intelligent Transportation Systems,
⎯ Tracking and navigation (land-based, marine, or space), and
⎯ Modeling and simulation.
The schema specifies mechanisms to describe motion consisting of translation and/or rotation of the feature,
but not including deformation of the feature. The schema is based on the concept of a one parameter set of
geometries that may be viewed as a set of leaves or a set of trajectories, where a leaf represents the
geometry of the moving feature at a particular value of the parameter (e.g., a point in time) and a trajectory is
a curve that represents the path of a point in the geometry of the moving feature as it moves with respect to
the parameter.
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SIST EN ISO 19141:2009
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19141:2008(E)
Geographic information — Schema for moving features
1 Scope
This International Standard defines a method to describe the geometry of a feature that moves as a rigid body.
Such movement has the following characteristics.
a) The feature moves within any domain composed of spatial objects as specified in ISO 19107.
b) The feature may move along a planned route, but it may deviate from the planned route.
c) Motion may be influenced by physical forces, such as orbital, gravitational, or inertial forces.
d) Motion of a feature may influence or be influenced by other features, for example:
1) The moving feature might follow a predefined route (e.g. road), perhaps part of a network, and might
change routes at known points (e.g. bus stops, waypoints).
2) Two or more moving features may be “pulled” together or pushed apart (e.g. an airplane will be
refuelled during flight, a predator detects and tracks a prey, refugee groups join forces).
3) Two or more moving features may be constrained to maintain a given spatial relationship for some
period (e.g. tractor and trailer, convoy).
This International Standard does not address other types of change to the feature. Examples of changes that
are not adressed include the following:
⎯ The deformation of features.
⎯ The succession of either features or their associations.
⎯ The change of non-spatial attributes of features.
⎯ The feature’s geometric representation cannot be embedded in a geometric complex that contains the
geometric representations of other features, since this would require the other features’ representations to
be updated as the feature moves.
Because this International Standard is concerned with the geometric description of feature movement, it does
not specify a mechanism for describing feature motion in terms of geographic identifiers. This is done, in part,
in ISO 19133.
2 Conformance
2.1 Conformance classes
2.1.1 Introduction
This International Standard specifies four conformance classes (Table 1). They are differentiated on the basis
of two criteria: purpose and level of complexity.
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SIST EN ISO 19141:2009
ISO 19141:2008(E)
2.1.2 Purpose
This International Standard may be used in support of data transfer. Operations defined for objects are
irrelevant to data transfer, which requires only descriptions of the state of the objects at the time of transfer.
Thus, two conformance classes require only the implementation of attributes and associations of the classes
specified in the schema. The other two conformance classes support the object-oriented implementation of
systems or interfaces; they require implementation of operations as well as implementation of attributes and
associations.
2.1.3 Complexity
Many applications do not need a complete description of the geometry of a feature and its orientation at any
point in time. Their requirements are satisfied by describing the movement of a single reference point on the
feature using its trajectory as specified in Clause 6. One pair of conformance classes supports these simple
applications.
Other applications need knowledge of the positions at each time of all points or a significant subset of the
points on a moving feature. They require the full description provided by the prism geometry specified in
Clause 7.
Table 1 — Conformance classes
Purpose
Complexity
Data Transfer Data with operations
Trajectory A.1.1 A.2.1
Prism Geometry A.1.2 A.2.2
2.2 Requirements
To conform to this International Standard, an application schema shall satisfy the requirements of the Abstract
Test Suite in Annex A.
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/TS 19103, Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
ISO 19107, Geographic information — Spatial schema
ISO 19108, Geographic information — Temporal schema
ISO 19109, Geographic information — Rules for application schema
ISO 19133, Geographic information — Location-based services — Tracking and navigation
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SIST EN ISO 19141:2009
ISO 19141:2008(E)
4 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms
4.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1.1
base representation
〈moving features〉 representation, using a local origin and local ordinate vectors, of a geometric object at a
given reference time
NOTE 1 A rigid geometric object may undergo translation or rotation, but remains congruent with its base
representation.
NOTE 2 The local origin and ordinate vectors establish an engineering coordinate reference system (ISO 19111), also
called a local frame or a local Euclidean coordinate system.
4.1.2
curve
1-dimensional geometric primitive, representing the continuous image of a line
[ISO 19107:2003, definition 4.23]
NOTE The boundary of a curve is the set of points at either end of the curve. If the curve is a cycle, the two ends are
identical, and the curve (if topologically closed) is considered to not have a boundary. The first point is called the start
point, and the last is the end point. Connectivity of the curve is guaranteed by the "continuous image of a line" clause. A
topological theorem states that a continuous image of a connected set is connected.
4.1.3
design coordinate reference system
engineering coordinate reference system in which the base representation of a moving object is specified
4.1.4
feature
abstraction of real world phenomena
[ISO 19101:2002, definition 4.11]
NOTE A feature may occur as a type or an instance. Feature type or feature instance shall be used when only one is
meant.
4.1.5
feature association
relationship that links instances of one feature type with instances of the same or a different feature type
[ISO 19110:2004, definition 4.2]
NOTE Feature associations include aggregation of features.
4.1.6
feature attribute
characteristic of a feature
[ISO 19101:2002, definition 4.12]
4.1.7
feature operation
operation that every instance of a feature type may perform
[ISO 19110:2004, definition 4.5]
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SIST EN ISO 19141:2009
ISO 19141:2008(E)
4.1.8
foliation
one parameter set of geometries such that each point in the prism of the set is in one and only one
trajectory and in one and only one leaf
4.1.9
geometric object
spatial object representing a geometric set
[ISO 19107:2003, definition 4.47]
4.1.10
geometric primitive
geometric object representing a single, connected, homogeneous element of space
[ISO 19107:2003, definition 4.48]
NOTE Geometric primitives are non-decomposed objects that present information about geometric configuration.
They include points, curves, surfaces, and solids.
4.1.11
instant
0-dimensional geometric primitive representing position in time
[ISO 19108:2002, definition 4.1.17]
4.1.12
leaf
〈one parameter set of geometries〉 geometry at a particular value of the parameter
4.1.13
location-based service
LBS
service whose return or other property is dependent on the location of the client requesting the service or of
some other thing, object or person
[ISO 19133:2005, definition 4.11]
4.1.14
network
abstract structure consisting of a set of 0-dimensional objects called junctions, and a set of 1-dimensional
objects called links that connect the junctions, each link being associated with a start (origin, source) junction
and end (destination, sink) junction
[ISO 19133:2005, definition 4.17]
NOTE The network is essentially the universe of discourse for the navigation problem. Networks are a variety of 1-
dimensional topological complex. In this light, junction and topological node are synonyms, as are link and directed edge.
4.1.15
one parameter set of geometries
function f from an interval t ∈ [a, b] such that f(t) is a geometry and for each point P ∈ f(a) there is a one
parameter set of points (called the trajectory of P) P(t) : [a, b] →P(t) such that P(t) ∈ f(t)
EXAMPLE A curve C with constructive parameter t is a one parameter set of points c(t).
4.1.16
period
one-dimensional geometric primitive representing extent in time
[ISO 19108:2002, definition 4.1.27]
NOTE A period is bounded by two different temporal positions.
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SIST EN ISO 19141:2009
ISO 19141:2008(E)
4.1.17
point
0-dimensional geometric primitive, representing a position
[ISO 19107:2003, definition 4.61]
NOTE The boundary of a point is the empty set.
4.1.18
prism
〈one parameter set of geometries〉 set of points in the union of the geometries (or the union of the
trajectories) of a one parameter set of geometries
NOTE This is a generalization of the concept of a geometric prism that is the convex hull of two congruent polygons
in 3D-space. Such polyhedrons can be viewed as a foliation of congruent polygons.
4.1.19
temporal coordinate system
temporal reference system based on an interval scale on which distance is measured as a multiple of a
single unit of time
[ISO 19108:2002, definition 4.1.31]
4.1.20
temporal position
location relative to a temporal reference system
[ISO 19108:2002, definition 4.1.34]
4.1.21
temporal reference system
reference system against which time is measured
[ISO 19108:2002, definition 4.1.35]
4.1.22
trajectory
path of a moving point described by a one parameter set of points
4.1.23
vector
quantity having direction as well as magnitude
[ISO 19123:2005, definition 4.1.43]
4.2 Abbreviated terms
CRS Coordinate Reference System (ISO 19111)
SLERP Spherical Linear Interpolation
LRS Linear Referencing System (ISO 19133)
OCL Object Constraint Language (ISO/IEC 19501)
UML Unified Modelling Language (ISO/IEC 19501)
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ISO 19141:2008(E)
5 Package – Moving Features
5.1 Semantics
A moving feature can be modelled as a combination of movements. The overall motion can be expressed as
the temporal path or trajectory of some reference point on the object (the “origin”), such as its center of gravity.
Once the origin’s trajectory has been established, the position along the trajectory can be described using a
linear reference system (as defined in ISO 19133). The “parameterization by length” for curves (as defined in
ISO 19107) can be used as a simple linear reference if no other is available. The relationship between time (t)
and measure value (m) can be represented as the graph of the t→ m function in a plane with coordinates
(t, m). This separation of the geometry of the path and the actual “time to position” function allows the moving
feature to be tracked along existing geome
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