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STANDARD
SIST EN 14238:2004+A1:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 14238:2004+A1
August 2009 ICS 53.020.20 Supersedes EN 14238:2004English Version
Cranes - Manually controlled load manipulating devices
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Manipulateurs de charge à contrôle manuel
Krane - Handgeführte Manipulatoren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 May 2004 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 16 July 2009.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14238:2004+A1:2009: ESIST EN 14238:2004+A1:2009
EN 14238:2004+A1:2009 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword .3Introduction .41Scope .52Normative references .53Terms and definitions .64List of significant hazards .95Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 116Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures . 197Information for use . 22Annex A (normative)
Noise test code . 26Annex B (informative)
Selection of suitable set of crane standards for a given application . 29Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC, amended by Directive 98/79/EC . 30Annex ZB (informative)
!!!!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/CE"""" . 31Bibliography . 32 SIST EN 14238:2004+A1:2009
EN 14238:2004+A1:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14238:2004+A1:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2009-07-16. This document supersedes EN 14238:2004. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !". This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). !For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this document." According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. SIST EN 14238:2004+A1:2009
EN 14238:2004+A1:2009 (E) 4 Introduction This document is a harmonized standard to provide one means for manually controlled load manipulating devices to conform to the essential health and safety requirements of the Machinery Directive, as amended. This document is a type C standard as stated in !EN ISO 12100". The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are indicated in the scope of this document. When provisions of this type C document are different from those are stated in type A or B documents, the provisions of this type C document take precedence over the provision of the other documents, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C document.
SIST EN 14238:2004+A1:2009
EN 14238:2004+A1:2009 (E) 5
1 Scope This document specifies requirements for manually controlled load manipulating devices (herein referred to as manipulators), powered by an energy other than human energy, to assist an operator in the handling of loads. This document does not cover: mechanically operated balancers that are based on springs or counterweights; manipulating robots; This document does not cover hazards related to the lifting of persons. This document does not establish the additional requirements for: operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme environmental conditions such as : freezer applications, high temperatures, corrosive environment, strong magnetic fields); operation subject to special rules; handling of loads the nature of which could lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metal, acids/alkalies, radiating materials, specially brittle loads); hazards occurring during construction, transportation, decommissioning and disposal. The significant hazards covered by this document are identified in Clause 4. For hazards that are not significant, EN ISO 12100-2 applies. This document is applicable to manipulators which are manufactured after the date of approval by CEN of this standard. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 294, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper limbs EN 349, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body EN 811, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the lower limbs EN 982, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components — Hydraulics EN 983, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components — Pneumatics EN 1050:1996, Safety of machinery — Principles for risk assessment !deleted text" EN 12077-2, Cranes safety — Requirements for health and safety — Limiting and indicating devices SIST EN 14238:2004+A1:2009
EN 14238:2004+A1:2009 (E) 6 EN 12644-1, Cranes — Information for use and testing — Part 1: Instructions EN 13001-1, Cranes — General design —Part 1: General principles and requirements EN 13001-2, Cranes — General design — Part 2: Load effects EN 13155:2003, Cranes — Safety — Non-fixed load lifting attachments EN 13557, Cranes — Controls and control stations prEN 14492-2:2002, Cranes — Power driven winches and hoists — Part 2: Power driven hoists EN 60204-32, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 32: Requirements for hoisting machines (ISO 60204-32:1998) EN ISO 3744:1995, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure — Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO 3744:1994) EN ISO 3746:1995, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure — Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface over a reflecting plane (ISO 3746:1995) EN ISO 4871:1996, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment (ISO 4871:1996) EN ISO 11201:1995, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions — Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO 11201:1995) EN ISO 11202:1995, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions — Survey method in situ (ISO 11202:1995) EN ISO 11688-1, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment — Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1:1998) EN ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic terminology, methodology (ISO 12100-1:2003) EN ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical principles (ISO 12100-2:2003) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in !EN ISO 12100-1:2003" and the following definitions apply. 3.1 operator person using the manipulator 3.2 load holding device device to pick up and hold the load. An interchangeable load holding device is a device that can be changed by the operator NOTE Load holding can be achieved for instance by: SIST EN 14238:2004+A1:2009
EN 14238:2004+A1:2009 (E) 7 adhesion (suction pads, magnets etc.); gripping (clamps etc.); mechanical connection (hooks, forks, C-hooks, etc.). 3.3 balancing of a load condition when a load is submitted to a vertical upward force equal to its weight and where additional external force is required to change the position of the load 3.4 control actuating device which forms an interface between the operator and the manipulator control system 3.5 drift uncontrolled and unintended movement of the manipulator and / or load 3.6 manipulator powered machine, where the operator has to be in contact with the load or holding device, in order to guide and/or control the motion of the load to bring it to a position in space. Manipulators include 3 basic functional elements: − the load holding device; − devices to move and place the load in space; − the supporting structure NOTE Examples of manipulator systems are shown in Figure 1. 3.7 supporting structure all parts of the manipulator that are affected by the force of the suspended load 3.8 working load limit (WLL) Maximum load that the manipulator is designed to handle under specified operating conditions, e.g. characteristics of the load (e.g. shape, material), gripping points, configuration SIST EN 14238:2004+A1:2009
EN 14238:2004+A1:2009 (E) 8
1. Overhead mounted system
2. Floor mounted system
3. Floor mounted system with articulation
4. Vacuum lifting tube manipulator
5. Winch or hoist driven manipulator
6. Telescopic manipulator
7. Stand alone manipulator Permanently installed
8. Stand alone manipulator Moveable
9. Stand alone manipulator Mobile
Manipulating device
Load 1 to 3: examples of supporting systems for horizontal motion; 4 to 6: examples of manipulating devices that can be suspended from supporting systems shown in 1 to 3; 7 to 9: examples of stand-alone manipulators. Figure 1 - Examples of manipulators systems SIST EN 14238:2004+A1:2009
EN 14238:2004+A1:2009 (E) 9 4 List of significant hazards Tables 1, 2 and 3 show a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to persons during normal use and foreseeable misuse. It also contains the relevant Clauses in this standard that are necessary to reduce or eliminate the risks associated with those hazards. Table 1 — List of significant hazards and associated requirements – General Hazard (as listed in EN 1050:1996)Relevant Clause(s) in this standard1 Mechanical hazards due to:
a) Shape 5.2.2
e) Inadequacy of mechanical strength 5.2.1, 5.2.13, 6.3.2.1, 6.3.2.2
- accumulation of energy inside the machinery, e.g.:
h) The effect of vacuum 5.2.6, 5.3, 5.4.2.1, 5.4.2.2, 5.4.2.3 1.1 and 1.2 Crushing, shearing hazards etc. 5.2.2, 5.4.1 1.9 High pressure fluid injection or ejection hazard 5.2.5, 5.2.6, 5.4.2.1, 5.4.2.2, 5.4.2.3, 5.4.4.1, 5.4.4.2, 5.4.4.3, 5.6.1 2 Electrical hazards 5.2.7, 5.4.3.1, 5.4.3.2, 5.4.3.3, 5.4.3.4 2.1 Contact of persons with live parts (direct contact) 5.2.7, 5.4.3.1, 5.4.3.2, 5.4.3.3, 5.4.3.4 4 Hazards generated by noise, resulting in: 5.6.6, 7.2.1.j, Annex A 4.1 Hearing loss (deafness), other physiological disorders (e.g. loss of balance, loss of awareness) 5.6.6, 7.2.1.j, Annex A 4.2 Interference with speech communication, acoustic signals, etc. 5.6.6, 7.2.1.j, Annex A 8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machinery design as, e.g. hazards from:5.5.1, 5.5.2, 5.5.3, 5.5.4, 5.6.4 8.7 Inadequate design, location or identification of manual controls 5.5.1, 5.5.2, 5.5.3, 5.5.4, 5.6.4 10 Unexpected start-up, unexpected overrun / overspeed (or any similar function) from: 5.5.1, 5.5.3, 5.6.2, 5.6.3 11 Impossibility of stopping the machine 5.5.2 13 Failure of the power supply 5.4.2.2, 5.4.2.3, 5.4.3.3, 5.4.3.4, 5.4.4.3, 5.6.3 17 Falling or ejected objects or fluids 5.2.3, 5.2.5, 5.2.6, 5.3, 5.4.1.1, 5.4.1.3
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EN 14238:2004+A1:2009 (E) 10
Table 2 — Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to mobility Hazard (as listed in EN 1050:1996)Relevant Clause(s) in this standard20 (1 - 6) Relating to the travelling function 7.2. 7.3.1.1 21 (1 - 10) Linked to the work position on the machine 5.6.1, 5.6.4, 7.2 22 Due to the control system 5.5, 7.2 23 Lack of stability 5.2.3 24 Due to the power source and to the transmission of power 5.4.2, 5.4.3, 5.4.4 25.3 Lack or inadequacy of visual or acoustic warning means 5.4.2.2, 5.4.3.3, 5.4.4.3, 5.6.3 26 Insufficient instructions for the driver / operator 7.2
Table 3 — Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events due to lifting Hazard (as listed in EN 1050:1996)Relevant Clause(s) in this standard27 Mechanical hazards and hazardous events:
27.1 From load falls, collisions, machine tipping caused by: 5.2.13, 5.3, 5.4, 7.3.2 27.1.1 Lack of stability 5.2.3 27.1.2 Uncontrolled loading - overloading - overturning moments exceeded 5.2.3, 5.3, 5.6.2, 5.6.5 27.1.5 Inadequate holding of devices/accessories 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 5.4.3, 5.4.4, 7.3.2
27.4 From insufficient mechanical strength of parts 5.2.1, 5.3, 6.3.1, 6.3.2, 6.3.3 27.6 From inadequate selection/integration into the machine of chains, ropes, lifting accessories and their inadequate integration into the machine 5.2.13 27.8 From abnormal conditions of assembly/testing/use/maintenance 6.3, 7.2
SIST EN 14238:2004+A1:2009
EN 14238:2004+A1:2009 (E) 11 5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures 5.1 General Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or measures of this Clause. In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100 for hazards relevant but not significant which are not dealt with by this document. 5.2 Supporting structure of the manipulator 5.2.1 Mechanical strength The fatigue requirements in EN 13001 parts 1 and 2 shall apply. When the intended cycle use is less than 20 000 cycles, the structure can be designed in such a way that: with a static load of at least two times the working load limit, no permanent deformation shall occur; with a static load of at least three times the working load limit, even if there is permanent deformation, there shall be no breaking of the structure. 5.2.2 Shape of components Parts accessible by the operator shall not include any sharp edges or angles which can cause injuries. Safety distances shall be met as specified in EN 294, EN 349 and EN 811 if no other means to prevent risks from danger zones is specified by the manufacturer. NOTE The method given in EN ISO 12100-1: 2003 Table 2 should be used to specify other means. 5.2.3 Stability of manipulators mounted on a self-stable base Manipulators shall remain stable in all their configurations of use. Manipulators shall be designed in such a way that the distance (D) of centre of gravity (G) of the whole manipulator, including the load and the base, to column axis is not more than 2/3 of the distance L (see
Figure 2 below). In order to prevent the manipulator from overturning in case of overload, stability shall be calculated applying the maximum lifting force of the vertical drive. If no other measures are taken against overturning, the load to be considered is the WLL + 80kg (representing the average weight of an operator).
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Figure 2 - Stability Key L = Minimum tilting distance from column axis D = Distance of the centre of gravity G to the column axis G = Centre of gravity of the whole manipulator 5.2.4 Drift Manipulators shall support the load without drift.
5.2.5 Hydraulic systems and components Hydraulic components shall be in accordance with EN 982. 5.2.6 Pneumatic systems and components Pneumatic components shall be in accordance with EN 983. 5.2.7 Electrical systems and components Electrical components shall be in accordance with EN 60204-32. 5.2.8 Gearbox Gearboxes shall be in accordance with the safety requirements of prEN 14492-2:2002, 5.5. 5.2.9 Rope drives Rope drives shall be in accordance with the safety requirements of prEN 14492-2:2002, 5.7. SIST EN 14238:2004+A1:2009
EN 14238:2004+A1:2009 (E) 13 5.2.10 Chain drives Chain drives shall be in accordance with the safety requirements of prEN 14492-2:2002, 5.8. 5.2.11 Belt drives Belt drives shall be in accordance with the safety requirements of prEN 14492-2:2002, 5.9. 5.2.12 Trolleys Trolleys shall be in accordance with the safety requirements of prEN 14492-2:2002, 5.12. 5.2.13 Load suspension elements The minimum working coefficients of the suspension elements and their load-bearing end parts shall be as follows: chain: 4 times the working load limit; wire rope: 5 times the working load limit; accessories (hooks, shackles, etc.): 4 times the working load limit; textile rope and webbing: 7 times the working load limit. These coefficients may be increased depending on the conditions of use declared by the manufacturer in the information for use. 5.3 Vacuum lifting tubes The vacuum lifting tube manipulators shall be designed to avoid any crushing, shearing, puncture, implosion and leakage of vacuum hoses under the conditions of use specified by the manufacturer. Means shall be provided at the vacuum lifting tube upper end to prevent any risk of uncoupling (e.g. hook with safety catch). Over-stretching of the vacuum lifting tube shall be prevented (e.g. rope within the lifting tube). The fully extended vacuum lifting tube shall not lose its cylindrical shape under the following conditions: if the minimum working pressure is equal to, or over 0,4 absolute bar, the vacuum lifting tube shall withstand a pressure of 0,75 times the minimum working pressure; if the minimum working pressure is below 0,4 absolute bar, the vacuum lifting tube shall withstand a pressure of 0,6 times the minimum working pressure. The effective surface area of the suction foot under vacuum shall be equal to a minimum of 2 times the cross sectional area of the vacuum lifting tube. The connection between the hose and the non-contractable parts shall be such that the hose cannot be damaged. The hose shall be attached in such a way that it cannot slip on the connection. Supporting structures including a lifting tube will comply with 5.2, except the vacuum hose itself that will not have to comply with 5.2.1. SIST EN 14238:2004+A1:2009
EN 14238:2004+A1:2009 (E) 14 5.4 Load holding devices 5.4.1 General requirements 5.4.1.1 Securing the load Load holding devices shall be such that, when used according to the specifications of the manufacturer of the manipulator, the load can be safely transferred. The transmission of the necessary holding forces between the load and load holding device shall be safeguarded during the whole manipulating process, taking into account the configuration and the rigidity of the specified loads. The forces occurring due to acceleration shall be taken into account. For vacuum lifters, lifting magnets, tongs, grabs, clamps and expanding mandrels this requirement is met if the requirements of 5.4.2, 5.4.3 and 5.4.4 are fulfilled. 5.4.1.2 Load holding devices Load holding devices shall be compatible with the rest of the manipulator. The connection between an exchangeable load holding device and the manipulation machine shall be such that the correct connection can be clearly identified. The connection shall be made in such a way that prevents unintended disconnection. 5.4.1.3 Load holding devices composed of adjustable components If the load holding device is equipped with one or more adjustable components (e.g. lifting beams with several load hooks), it shall be equipped with end stops to prevent unintended dropping of the components. The adjustable components shall incorporate features that prevent unintended detachment. 5.4.2 Vacuum load holding devices 5.4.2.1 Holding force Vacuum load holding devices shall provide a holding force of at least 2 times the force necessary to lift the WLL in all load holding configurations and foreseeable accelerations. The manufacturer shall state the required minimum friction factor in the instructions for use, if handling with the suction pad(s) in inclined or vertical position is foreseen. Vacuum load holding devices shall be such that the lifting operation can only start when the necessary vacuum is established and maintained. 5.4.2.2 Pressure failure In order to prevent risks due to the case of vacuum drop to the danger range during operation, the manipulator shall be in accordance with 5.2.2.5 of EN 13155:2003. The manipulator shall be capable of automatically put down the load safely or shall be fitted with a pressure measuring device clearly showing the working range and the danger range to the operator in his normal operating position When vacuum losses cannot be compensated, there shall be an automatic device to warn that the danger range has been reached. The warning signal shall be optical or acoustic, depending upon the circumstances of use for the vacuum holding device. 5.4.2.3 Power failure Vacuum load holding devices shall be equipped with devices to warn the operator in the case of power failure. SIST EN 14238:2004+A1:2009
EN 14238:2004+A1:2009 (E) 15 In case of power failure, the manipulator shall be capable of retaining the load for a duration of at least
2 minutes or shall be capable of being lowered safely before it is released. When the warning device indicates power failure or that the danger range is reached safe operation to put down the load shall be possible. SIST EN 14238:2004+A1:2009
EN 14238:2004+A1:2009 (E) 16 5.4.3 Lifting magnets 5.4.3.1 Holding force The effective holding force of lifting magnets shall be at least: • 2 times the force necessary to lift the WLL for electrical lifting magnets, at nominal voltage and stabilized temperature in operating conditions; • 3 times the force necessary to lift the WLL for permanent magnets, in all the load holding configurations. The manufacturer shall state the minimum friction factor in his instructions for use, if handling with magnets in inclined or vertical position is foreseen. 5.4.3.2 State of magnetization The state of magnetization (on/off) shall be clearly indicated to the operator. For magnets with variable power control, the indicator shall distinguish between full and partial magnetisation. 5.4.3.3 Power supply for mains-fed electrical lifting magnets Mains-fed electrical lifting magnets shall be equipped with a stand-by battery in case the mains supply fails, to maintain the magnetism. The failure of the mains supply shall be indicated by an automatic visual and/or audible warning device to the operator. 5.4.3.4 Exhausting of battery Batteries for lifting magnets and stand-by batteries shall be equipped with a device which indicates when the capacity of the battery has reached a minimum level for a use. When the capacity falls below this level, the pick up of another load shall be automatically prevented. When the warning device indicates power failure or that the danger range is reached, safe operation to lower the load shall be possible. 5.4.4 Tongs, grabs, clamps and expanding mandrels 5.4.4.1 Holding force The holding force of friction-type locking clamps and expanding mandrels shall be at least 2 times the force necessary to lift the WLL. 5.4.4.2 Hydraulically or pneumatically operated tongs, grabs, clamps and expanding mandrels Tongs, grabs, clamps and expanding mandrels, where the holding force depends on hydraulic or pneumatic pressure, shall be such that the lifting operation can only start when the necessary gripping pressure is reached and maintained. 5.4.4.3 Power failure for hydraulically or pneumatically operated tongs, grabs, clamps and expanding mandrels In the case of power failure whilst holding the load, the holding force shall be maintained for at least 2 minutes, or the load shall be capable of being lowered safely before it is released. Such manipulators shall be equipped with acoustic or visual devices to warn the operator in the case of power failure. SIST EN 14238:2004+A1:2009
EN 14238:2004+A1:2009 (E) 17 5.5 Controls 5.5.1 Controls shall be in accordance with EN 13557. Controls with non hold-to-run operation are allowed for lifting and lowering of vacuum lifting tubes. 5.5.2 Manipulators shall be equipped with an emergency stop device acting on all power driven movements of the load with the following exceptions: - pneumatic or hydraulically driven movements for hoisting, travelling, swivelling and tilting; - manipulators where the force resulting from unintended movement will not cause injury. 5.5.3 Features shall be provided so that the suspended load cannot be released by unintentional or accidental operation according to EN ISO 12100-1:2003 3.26.1 and 3.26.4, e.g. dual, 2 hand or 2 mechanical controls. 5.5.4 Features shall be provided when necessary so that the risk for the operator due to mechanical gripping of the load is prevented, e.g. 2 hand controls, or covers. 5.6 Protection against risks and damage 5.6.1 General Hydraulic, pneumatic and electrical lines shall be arranged and protected so that damage due to normal operational movements is avoided. Manipulator parts, the safety of which can be impaired by wear, corrosion or other influences, shall be accessible so that their condition can be checked. 5.6.2 Speed The speed of powered movements shall be such that the operator can maintain control of the load. The risk of uncontrolled movements cannot be eliminated in all cases if the movement is powered with pneumatic cylinders or vacuum lifting tubes. Accelerated movements will occur e.g. when the suspended load is released instantaneously or gets disengaged with an obstacle. The manufacturer shall state these hazardous situations in his information for use and give advice to the operator how to avoid residual risk. In the case of damage to the load causing a reduction in the suspended weight, there shall be measures to limit the manipulator’s speed. 5.6.3 Failure of power supply Failure of power supply, either for lifting or holding the load, shall not result in additional hazards or risks. To comply with this requirement at least one of the following measures shall be provided to prevent uncontrolled movement of the load: a facility to lower the load safely without risk of detaching the load; load immobilization and holding; vacuum lifters with pressure reservoir, vacuum reservoir, flywheel) to hold t
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