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International
Standard
ISO 7965-1
Second edition
Packaging — Drop test —
2024-04
Part 1:
Paper sacks
Emballages — Essai de chute —
Partie 1: Sacs en papier
Reference number
© ISO 2024
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Published in Switzerland
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Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Apparatus . 1
6 Sampling . 2
7 Test conditions . 2
7.1 General .2
7.2 Conditioning for testing of paper sacks .2
7.3 Testing in non-laboratory situations .2
7.4 Surface conditions .2
8 Procedure . 3
8.1 General .3
8.2 Filling .3
8.3 Dropping.3
8.3.1 General .3
8.3.2 Dropping procedure .3
8.4 Sack breakage .4
9 Test methods . 4
9.1 General .4
9.2 Progressive drop height method .4
9.2.1 General .4
9.2.2 Flat progressive height drop test .4
9.2.3 Butt progressive height drop test .5
9.3 Constant drop height method .5
9.3.1 General .5
9.3.2 Flat constant height drop test .5
9.3.3 Butt constant height drop test .5
10 Test report . 6
Annex A (informative) Example of apparatus for drop testing . 7
Annex B (informative) Identification of surfaces of filled sacks for testing . 8
Bibliography . 9
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 122, Packaging, Subcommittee SC 3,
Performance requirements and tests for means of packaging, packages and unit loads (as required by
ISO/TC 122), in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 261, Packaging, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN
(Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 7965-1:1984), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— ISO 6599-1 has been added to Clause 2, replacing ISO 2233;
— two additional subclauses have been added to Clause 5 to include information on ensuring correct drop
height and placement of the sack, respectively;
— a new subclause has been added to Clause 7 for information on testing in non-laboratory situations;
— the limit height method has been deleted from Clause 9, keeping only the progressive- and constant drop
height methods, respectively;
— the principle of testing for the constant drop method in 9.3 has been changed to exclude the side constant
height drop test;
— Annex C has been deleted and Clause 10 has been added to outline the information that the test report
shall include;
— some editorial changes have been made to the document in line with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the ISO 7965 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
International Standard ISO 7965-1:2024(en)
Packaging — Drop test —
Part 1:
Paper sacks
1 Scope
This document specifies a method of vertical impact testing on a filled paper sack by dropping. It is performed
either as a single test to investigate the effects of vertical impact or as part of a sequence of tests designed to
measure the ability of a sack to withstand a distribution system that includes a vertical impact hazard.
This document specifies the testing procedure and how the results of tests are presented. It is based on
ISO 2248 but is specifically related to paper sacks.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6590-1, Packaging — Sacks — Vocabulary and types — Part 1: Paper sacks
ISO 6599-1, Packaging — Sacks — Conditioning for testing — Part 1: Paper sacks
ISO 7023, Packaging — Sacks — Method of sampling empty sacks for testing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 6590-1 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Principle
The filled sack is raised above a rigid plane surface and released to strike this surface after a free fall, with
the height of drop and the position of the package being set in advance.
5 Apparatus
5.1 General
This document stipulates that an appropriate drop test apparatus shall be used to ensure that a drop can be
performed according to the described procedure. An example of apparatus for drop testing is provided in
Annex A.
The usual laboratory apparatus and, in particular, the following shall be used.
5.2 Drop height, ensuring that the drop test can be correctly performed in accordance with the selected
testing method.
5.3 Lifting arrangement, which will not damage the sack during either lifting or release.
5.4 Platform, where the sack can be placed prior to release in its predetermined position.
5.5 Release mechanism, in such a way that the fall of the sack is not obstructed by any part of the
apparatus before striking the impact surface (5.6).
5.6 Impact surface, horizontal and flat, massive enough to be immovable and rigid enough to be non-
deformable under test conditions.
6 Sampling
For assessing an average quality of a consignment, sampling shall be carried out in accordance with the
procedure in ISO 7023.
7 Test conditions
7.1 General
Since paper is a hygroscopic mat
...