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Technical
Report
ISO/TR 8547
First edition
Corrosion of metals and alloys —
2024-04
Exposure test results in the Asian
Monsoon region
Corrosion des métaux et alliages — Résultats des essais
d'exposition dans la région de la mousson asiatique
Reference number
© ISO 2024
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Exposure tests . 1
[1][2]
5 Climatic and environmental conditions . 3
[1][2]
6 Corrosion behaviours of carbon steel . 6
6.1 Corrosion rate (CR[CS]) .6
6.2 Effect of environmental factors on corrosion rate .6
[3]
7 Corrosion behaviours of zinc .12
7.1 Comparison with the previous or published study. 12
7.2 Corrosion rate (CR[Zn]) .14
7.3 Effect of environmental factors on corrosion rate .14
[2][3]
8 Corrosion mapping .21
9 Summary .22
Annex A (informative) Data sources .23
Bibliography .24
iii
Foreword
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iv
Introduction
At the time of publication, the mainstream method of classifying environmental corrosion is that specified in
ISO 9223. This is a method in which the corrosion rates of various metals are classified in six levels based on
the results of direct exposure tests conducted around the world. However, the exposure sites were located
only in Japan for the exposure tests in Asian Monsoon region, in which East-Asia, South-Asia and East-
South Asia are included and the climates are affected by monsoons. Thus, standardization of an evaluation/
classification method suited to the Asian Monsoon region has been strongly desired. Therefore, exposure
tests were conducted in three counties including Japan, Vietnam and Thailand, under the “e-Asia Project”.
This document summarizes the exposure test results for carbon steel and galvanized steel sheet.
v
Technical Report ISO/TR 8547:2024(en)
Corrosion of metals and alloys — Exposure test results in the
Asian Monsoon region
1 Scope
This document provides the data of exposure test results for carbon steel and galvanized steel sheets in
three countries, Japan, Vietnam and Thailand, under the “e-Asia Project” as valuable information on the
corrosivity of atmospheres in the world.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 9223:2012, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Corrosivity of atmospheres — Classification, determination
and estimation
ISO 9225:2012, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Corrosivity of atmospheres — Measurement of environmental
parameters affecting corrosivity of atmospheres
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 9223 and ISO 9225 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Exposure tests
The coupons of carbon steel and galvanized steel sheet were exposed in outdoor environments at 16
exposure test sites in Japan, 13 sites in Vietnam and 7 sites in Thailand as shown in Figure 1. Specimens of
3 mm thickness and 70 mm × 150 mm of carbon steel and specimens of 1 mm thickness and 70 mm × 150 mm
of galvanized steel sheet were used for exposure tests. The specimens of carbon steel were exposed both
sides. For the specimens of galvanized steel sheet, the backside and cut edge of the coupons were covered
by polyethylene sheet after degreasing the specimen in acetone. The exposed surfaces of specimens
were exposed to skyward and groundward as shown in Figure 2. The corrosion products on the exposed
specimens were removed by using chemical solutions according to ISO 8407, and the weight losses were
measured to determine the corrosion rate.
For the environmental factors, monthly amounts of airborne salinity and SO were measured by “Dry gauze”
and “PbO cylinder”, respectively, based on JIS Z 2382. The temperature, relative humidity, and ACM sensor
output, I, were recorded in a microcomputer every 10 min.
-
For the annual average values of Cl deposition, S, and SO deposition, P, those values based on JIS Z 2382,
S(JIS) and P(JIS), respectively, were converted to S and P based on ISO 9225:2012, Annex F:
S = 2,4 S(JIS)
P = 0,67P(JIS)
NOTE Some of numerical data are available from data sources given in Annex A.
Key
J1 Asahikawa J14 Nishihara V1 Sơn La T1 Chiang Rai
J2 Akkeshi J15 Uruma V2 Yên Bai T2 Khon Kaen
J3 Sapporo J16 Miyakojima V3 Cua Ong T3 Pathum Thani
J4 Niigata V4 Hà Nội T4 Bangkok
J5 Fukui V5 Con Vanh T5 Chon Buri
J6 Sendai V6 Đong Hoi T6 Rayong
J7 Tsukuba V7 Dung Quat T7 Phangnga
J8 Choshi V8 Pleiku
J9 Yamanakako V9 Phan Rang
J10 Shimizu V10 Bien Hoa
J11 Fukuyama V11 Can Tho
J12 Fukuoka V12 Rach Gia
J13 Kagoshima V13 Ca Mau
Figure 1 — Exposure test sites in Japan, Vietnam and Thailand
Key
1 skyward
2 groundward
Figure 2 — Example of exposure test for galvanized steel at Miyakojima
[1][2]
5 Climatic and environmental conditions
The average temperature, T, at each site is shown in Figure 3. T value increases in the order
Japan seen at the test sites in Northern area or in the mountain (Asahikawa, Akkeshi, Sapporo and Yamanakako),
the remain test sites have T of about 13 °C to 24 °C. In Vietnam, the average air temperatures are rather high,
and almost all Vietnam test sites have T in range of 22 °C to 27 °C. Different from Japan and Vietnam, the air
temperature of Thailand is very high with the annual average values of about 28 °C to 30 °C, except one site
in the North (Chiang Rai) where T is lower (25 °C).
The average relative humidity, RH, at each site is shown in Figure 4. RH of all test sites are rather high,
almost all of them have RH ≥ 70 %, except several sites with RH < 70 % (as Kagoshima and Miyakojima –
Japan, Khon Kaen – Thailand), among them, there are many test sites with RH ≥ 80 %, especially in some
areas, RH values reach approximately 85 % to 90 %.
The total of rainfalls in Asian area are very great as shown in Figure 5. Almost all test sites show the amount
of rainfall in the range of approximately 1 000 mm/y to 2 500 mm/y, in particular, there are test sites with
very high total of rainfall, approximately 2 500 mm/y to 3 000 mm/y.
-
Figure 6 shows the annual Cl deposition rate, S, at each site during the exposure period. The inland sites
have low S values (< 1 mmd), and the coastal sites have higher S values (> 1 mmd). Depending on the location
of the test sites as well as the topography and wind regime, S values at coastal sites have different values
in the range of about 1 mmd to 60 mmd. The high S values are observed at Miyakojima and Uruma (which
belong to Okinawa islands, Japan) and Phangnga (which is located near Phuket, Thailand).
Figure 7 shows the annual SO deposition rate, P, at each site during the exposure period. P values at almost all
test sites are not significant (< 3 mmd) except only three sites in Thailand, Bangkok, Rayong and Pathum Thani.
Key
X site symbol
Y temperature °C
Figure 3 — Average temperature, T, at each site during the exposure period
Key
X site symbol
Y RH %
Figure 4 — Average relative humidity, RH, at each site during the exposure period
Key
X site symbol
Y rain fall mm/y
Figure 5 — Total of rainfall at each site during the exposure period
Key
X site symbol
- 2
Y Cl deposition rate, S mg/m /day
-
Figure 6 — Annual Cl deposition rat
...