ISO/IEC 39075:2024

Information technology — Database languages — GQL

ISO/IEC 39075:2024

Name:ISO/IEC 39075:2024   Standard name:Information technology — Database languages — GQL
Standard number:ISO/IEC 39075:2024   language:English language
Release Date:11-Apr-2024   technical committee:ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32 - Data management and interchange
Drafting committee:ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32/WG 3 - Database language   ICS number:35.060 - Languages used in information technology

International
Standard
ISO/IEC 39075
First edition
Information technology — Database
2024-04
languages — GQL
Technologies de l'information — Langages de base de
données — GQL
Reference number
© ISO/IEC 2024
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
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or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
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Email: [email protected]
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Published in Switzerland
© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC39075:2024(en)
Contents Page
Foreword.xiv
Introduction.xv
1 Scope.1
2 Normativereferences.2
3 Termsanddefinitions.3
3.1 Generaltermsanddefinitions.3
3.2 GQL-environmenttermsanddefinitions.4
3.3 GQL-catalogtermsanddefinitions.6
3.4 Graphtermsanddefinitions.7
3.5 Procedureandcommandtermsanddefinitions.9
3.6 Generalsyntaxtermsanddefinitions.12
3.7 Graphpatterntermsanddefinitions.14
3.8 Valuetermsanddefinitions.15
3.9 Typetermsanddefinitions.17
3.10 Temporaltermsanddefinitions.19
4 Concepts.21
4.1 Useofterms.21
4.2 GQL-environmentsandtheircomponents.21
4.2.1 GeneraldescriptionofGQL-environments.21
4.2.2 GQL-agents.22
4.2.3 GQL-implementations.22
4.2.3.1 IntroductiontoGQL-implementations.22
4.2.3.2 GQL-clients.23
4.2.3.3 GQL-servers.23
4.2.4 Basicsecuritymodel.24
4.2.4.1 Principals.24
4.2.4.2 Authorizationidentifiersandprivileges.24
4.2.5 GQL-catalog.24
4.2.5.1 GeneraldescriptionoftheGQL-catalog.24
4.2.5.2 GQL-directories.25
4.2.5.3 GQL-schemas.26
4.2.6 GQL-data.27
4.3 GQL-objects.27
4.3.1 GeneralintroductiontoGQL-objects.27
4.3.2 ReferencestoGQL-schemasandGQL-objects.27
4.3.3 Primaryobjectsandsecondaryobjects.28
4.3.4 Propertiesandsupportedpropertyvaluetypes.28
4.3.5 Graphs.29
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ISO/IEC39075:2024(en)
4.3.5.1 Introductiontographs.29
4.3.5.2 Graphdescriptors.30
4.3.6 Bindingtables.30
4.4 Values.32
4.4.1 Generalinformationaboutvalues.32
4.4.2 Comparable values.32
4.4.3 Propertiesofdistinctvalues.32
4.4.4 Referencevalues.33
4.4.5 Materialvaluesandthenullvalue.33
4.5 GQL-sessions.33
4.5.1 GeneraldescriptionofGQL-sessions.33
4.5.2 Session contexts.34
4.5.2.1 Introductiontosessioncontexts.34
4.5.2.2 Sessioncontextcreation.35
4.5.2.3 Sessioncontextmodification.35
4.6 GQL-transactions.35
4.6.1 GeneraldescriptionofGQL-transactions.35
4.6.2 Transactiondemarcation.36
4.6.3 Transaction isolation.37
4.6.4 Encompassingtransactionbelongingtoanexternalagent.37
4.7 GQL-requestsandGQL-programs.38
4.7.1 GeneraldescriptionofGQL-requestsandGQL-programs.38
4.7.2 GQL-requestcontexts.38
4.7.2.1 IntroductiontoGQL-requestcontexts.38
4.7.2.2 GQL-requestcontextcreation.38
4.7.2.3 GQL-requestcontextmodification.39
4.7.3 ExecutionofGQL-requests.39
4.7.4 Workingschemareferences.40
4.7.5 Workinggraphsite.41
4.7.6 Executionstack.41
4.7.7 Operations.41
4.8 Execution contexts.42
4.8.1 Generaldescriptionofexecutioncontexts.42
4.8.2 Executioncontextcreationandinitialization.44
4.8.3 Executioncontextmodification.45
4.8.4 Execution outcomes.45
4.9 Diagnosticinformation.46
4.9.1 Introductiontodiagnosticinformation.46
4.9.2 GQL-status objects.46
4.9.3 Conditions.47
4.10 Proceduresandcommands.49
4.10.1 Generaldescriptionofproceduresandcommands.49
4.10.2 Procedures.49
4.10.2.1 Generaldescriptionofprocedures.49
4.10.2.2 Namedproceduredescriptors.50
4.10.2.3 Procedureexecution.50
4.10.2.4 Proceduresclassifiedbykindofsideeffects.50
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4.10.3 Commands.51
4.10.4 GQL-procedures.51
4.10.4.1 IntroductiontoGQL-procedures.51
4.10.4.2 Bindingvariablesandgeneralparameters.51
4.10.4.3 Statements.52
4.10.4.4 Statementsclassifiedbyuseofworkinggraphsites.52
4.10.4.5 Statementsclassifiedbyfunction.52
4.11 Graphpatternmatching.53
4.11.1 Summaryofgraphpatternmatching.53
4.11.2 Paths.53
4.11.3 Pathpatterns.54
4.11.4 Graphpatternvariables.55
4.11.5 Referencestographpatternvariables.56
4.11.6 Pathpatternmatching.57
4.11.7 Path modes.58
4.11.8 Selectivepathsearchprefixes.59
4.11.9 Matchmodes.59
4.12 Data types.59
4.12.1 Generalintroductiontodatatypesandbasetypes.59
4.12.2 Majorclassesofdatatypes.60
4.12.3 Datatypedescriptors.62
4.12.4 Namingofdatatypesandbasetypes.62
4.12.5 Material,nullable,andimmaterialdatatypes.63
4.12.6 Mostspecificstaticvaluetypeandstaticbasetype.63
4.12.7 Openandcloseddatatypes.63
4.12.8 Additionalterminologyrelatedtodatatypes.64
4.13 GQL-objecttypes.64
4.13.1 IntroductiontoGQL-objecttypesandrelatedbasetypes.64
4.13.2 Graphtypesandgraphelementtypes.65
4.13.2.1 Introductiontographtypesandgraphelementtypes.65
4.13.2.2 Graphtypedescriptors.65
4.13.2.3 Node types.66
4.13.2.4 Edgetypes.67
4.13.2.5 Property types.68
4.13.2.6 Keylabelsets.69
4.13.2.7 Structuralconsistencyofelementtypes.69
4.13.3 Bindingtabletypes.70
4.14 Dynamicuniontypes.71
4.14.1 Introductiontodynamicuniontypesandthedynamicbasetype.71
4.14.2 Dynamicuniondatatypedescriptors.71
4.14.3 Characteristicsofdynamicuniontypes.71
4.14.4 Dynamicgenerationoftypetestsandcasts.72
4.14.4.1 Introductiontodynamicgenerationoftypetestsandcastsfors.72
4.14.4.2 Dynamicgenerationoftypetestsandstrictcastsforawithoutoperands.72
4.14.4.3 Dynamicgenerationoftypetestsandstrictcastsforawithoperands.73
4.14.4.4 Dynamicgenerationofadditionaltypetestsandlaxcastsfora.75
4.15 Constructedvaluetypes.75
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4.15.1 Introductiontoconstructedvaluetypesandrelatedbasetypes.75
4.15.2 Pathvaluetypes.76
4.15.3 Listvaluetypes.76
4.15.4 Record types.77
4.16 Predefinedvaluetypes.79
4.16.1 Introductiontopredefinedvaluetypesandrelatedbasetypes.79
4.16.2 Boolean types.81
4.16.3 Characterstringtypes.82
4.16.3.1 Introductiontocharacterstrings.82
4.16.3.2 Collations.83
4.16.4 Bytestringtypes.
...

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