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International
Standard
ISO 17491-5
Second edition
Protective clothing — Test methods
2024-07
for clothing providing protection
against chemicals —
Part 5:
Determination of resistance to
penetration by a spray of liquid
(manikin spray test)
Habillement de protection — Méthodes d'essai pour les vêtements
fournissant une protection contre les produits chimiques —
Partie 5: Détermination de la résistance à la pénétration par
pulvérisation de liquide (essai au brouillard à l'aide d'un
mannequin)
Reference number
© ISO 2024
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Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Test liquid and test subject . 2
5.1 Test liquid .2
5.2 Test subject .2
6 Apparatus . 3
7 Specimen preparation . . 6
7.1 Test items .6
7.2 Blocking instructions .6
8 Procedure . 6
9 Test report . 8
Annex A (informative) Non-absorbent fabric and absorbent overall . 9
Annex B (informative) Alignment of this test method with various nationally recognized
standards . 10
Bibliography .11
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
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patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
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Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
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For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 94, Personal safety — Personal protective
equipment, Subcommittee SC 13, Protective clothing.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 17491-5:2013), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— various editorial revisions;
— clarification of the test liquid;
— adding measurements for the test manikin;
— adding additional specifications for the test overall and manikin platform;
— adding tolerances for measurements of the nozzles;
— adding annex material for overall material;
— adding annex material for use of this method in other nationally recognized standards.
A list of all parts in the ISO 17491 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
Chemical protective clothing is worn in conjunction with appropriate respiratory protective devices when
required in order to isolate the body of the wearer from the environment. Several tests exist for determining
the resistance of chemical protective clothing materials to either the permeation or penetration of gaseous
or liquid chemicals.
However, the effectiveness of the overall protective clothing item in preventing exposure from chemical
hazards depends on the integrity of the clothing item’s design in eliminating or reducing inward leakage of
chemicals.
The selection of the appropriate integrity test method will depend on the application of the chemical
protective clothing and the exposure hazards present. Usually, the integrity test method will be specified in
the overall chemical protective clothing specification.
Evaluations of protective clothing material chemical resistance are carried out by the appropriate test.
The following test methods are used when measuring the chemical resistance of materials, seams and
assemblages:
— ISO 6529 specifies methods for measuring the resistance of the protective clothing materials, seams, and
assemblages to permeation by either liquids or gases.
— ISO 13994 specifies a method for determining the penetration resistance of protective clothing materials
under conditions of continuous liquid contact and pressure, and can be applied to microporous materials,
seams, and assemblages.
— ISO 6530 specifies a procedure for measuring the penetration resistance of protective clothing materials
from the impact and runoff of liquids.
The integrity test methods specified by the ISO 17491 series are used when measuring the chemical
resistance of complete items or ensembles and are as follows:
— ISO 17491-1 specifies a method to be performed either at minimum test settings (method 1) or at more
rigorous test settings (method 2), for assessing the resistance of a gas-tight suit to outward leakage of air
through, for example, essential openings, fastenings, seams, interface areas between items, pores, and
any imperfections in the materials of construction.
— ISO 17491-2 specifies two different methods for determining the inward leakage of chemical protective
clothing in an aerosol environment (method 1) or gaseous environment (method 2). The procedure is
applicable to gas-tight suits and non-gas-tight suits according to ISO 16602 and provides an evaluation of
chemical protective suit integrity, particularly leakage in the breathing zone, under dynamic conditions
through the use of human subjects.
— ISO 17491-3 specifies a method for determining the resistance of chemical protective clothing to
penetration by jets of liquid chemicals. This procedure is applicable to clothing worn where there is a
risk of exposure to a forceful projection of a liquid chemical and intended to be resistant to penetration
under conditions which require total body surface cover but not gas-tight clothing.
— ISO 17491-4 specifies a method to be performed either at minimum test settings (method A, low-level
spray test) or at more rigorous test settings (method B, high-level spray test), for determining the
resistance of chemical protective clothing to penetration by sprays of liquid chemicals. This procedure
applies to protective clothing intended to be worn when there is a risk of exposure to slight splashes of
a liquid chemical or to spray particles that coalesce and run off the surface of the garment and intended
to be resistant to penetration under conditions which require total body surface cover but not gas-tight
clothing.
— ISO 17491-5 This method determines the resistance to chemical spray penetration and differs from the
method in ISO 17491-4 in that it uses a static manikin instead of a test subject. It also uses a different
spray configuration and duration. Since ISO 16602 is considering adoption of this method, the availability
v
of such laboratories should be maintained and therefore this standard will not preclude the use of ASTM
F1359 in order to meet the requirements of this standard.
General protective clothing requirements are specified in ISO 13688.
vi
International Standard ISO 17491-5:2024(en)
Protective clothing — Test methods for clothing providing
protection against chemicals —
Part 5:
Determination of resistance to penetration by a spray of
liquid (manikin spray test)
1 Scope
This document specifies a test method for determining the resistance of complete protective clothing to
inward leakage of liquid chemicals (protective clothing integrity).
This method specifies an alternative method for determining the resistance to spray penetration because it
uses a static manikin instead of a test subject; it also uses a different spray configuration and duration than
the other methods within ISO 17491 series. This test method is aligned with ASTM F1359 since the only
laboratories with equipment of this kind are performing testing according to that standard.
This test method is not appropriate for evaluating the permeation or penetration of liquid chemicals through
the material from which the clothing is made.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 13688, Protective clothing — General requirements
ISO 11610, Protective clothing — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions given in ISO 11610 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at
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