|
International
Standard
ISO 18497-1
First edition
Agricultural machinery and
2024-07
tractors — Safety of partially
automated, semi-autonomous and
autonomous machinery —
Part 1:
Machine design principles and
vocabulary
Tracteurs et matériels agricoles — Sécurité des machines
partiellement automatisées, semi-autonomes et autonomes —
Partie 1: Principes de conception des machines et vocabulaire
Reference number
© ISO 2024
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Safety requirements and protective or risk reduction measures . 8
4.1 General .8
4.2 Design principles .8
4.2.1 General .8
4.2.2 Operator presence . .8
4.2.3 Start-up .9
4.2.4 States, modes and actions .9
4.2.5 Visual indication .10
4.2.6 Audible indication .10
4.2.7 Obstacle protective system . .11
4.2.8 Operating zone (semi-autonomous and autonomous) .11
4.2.9 Monitoring .11
4.2.10 Faults and failures . 12
4.3 Visual and audible alarms . 13
4.3.1 General . 13
4.3.2 Visual alarm (semi-autonomous and autonomous) . 13
4.3.3 Audible alarm (semi-autonomous and autonomous) . 15
4.4 Labelling and identification . 15
4.5 Information for use . 15
Bibliography . 17
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and
forestry, Subcommittee SC 19, Agricultural electronics, in collaboration with the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 144, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry,
in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This first edition of ISO 18497-1, together with ISO 18497-2, ISO 18497-3 and ISO 18497-4, cancels and
replaces ISO 18497:2018, which has been technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— machine design principles and vocabulary were made as its own part (i.e. ISO 18497-1) and substantially
revised to account for the wide range of functionality and use cases within agricultural machines and
tractors.
A list of all parts in the ISO 18497 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
This document is a type-B1 standard as stated in ISO 12100:2010.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market
players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organisations, market surveillance, etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
In addition, this document is intended for standardization bodies elaborating type-C standards.
The requirements of this document can be supplemented or modified by a type-C standard.
For machines which are covered by the scope of a type-C standard and which have been designed and built
according to the requirements of that standard, the requirements of that type-C standard take precedence.
The structure of safety standards in the field of machinery is as follows:
— Type-A standards (basis standards) give basic concepts, principles for design, and general aspects that
can be applied to machinery;
— Type-B standards (generic safety standards) deal with one or more safety aspects or one or more types
of safeguards that can be used across a wide range of machinery:
— Type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise);
— Type-B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hands controls, interlocking devices, pressure sensitive
devices, guards);
— Type-C standards (machinery safety standards) deal with detailed safety requirements for a particular
machine or group of machines.
The purpose of the ISO 18497 series is to establish general design principles for partially automated, semi-
autonomous and autonomous (see Clause 3) functions of agricultural machinery and tractors.
Manual non-automated functions are addressed in existing agricultural machinery and tractor safety
standards. Due to the potential number of different functions of agricultural machinery and tractors and
the mixed type and mode to which these functions can exist, it is necessary to establish general design
principles. In this way, the combination, operator location, and types of interaction of these functions can
be guided so that further type-C safety standards can be developed consistently and explicitly to address
the mitigation of risk of injury to operators and bystanders. This is the primary focus of safety standards.
Attempting to specify risk mitigation requirements based on combinations of type and mode of functions
alone cannot be accomplished accurately for all agricultural machinery and tractors due to the wide variety
of the machinery and variety of functionality.
[1]
Therefore, the familiar representation of SAE J3016 with six levels of automation was deliberately not
chosen as a basis for the ISO 18497 series. It is necessary to develop more specific type-C safety standards,
v
using the general design principles of this document, to adequately account for the risks of agricultural
machinery and tractors used in a specified way with various types of partially automated, semi-autonomous
and autonomous functions.
When the requirements of the ISO 18497 series for partially automated, semi-autonomous and autonomous
functions of agricultural machinery and tractors are different from those which are stated in a machine-
specific type-C standard dealing with partially automated, semi-autonomous and autonomous functions of
agricultural machinery and tractors, the requirements of the machine-specific standard take precedence
over the requirements of the ISO 18497 series.
vi
International Standard ISO 18497-1:2024(en)
Agricultural machinery and tractors — Safety of partially
automated, semi-autonomous and autonomous machinery —
Part 1:
Machine design principles and vocabulary
1 Scope
This document specifies principles for the design of agricultural machinery and tractors that are used in
agricultural applications and that have partially automated, semi-autonomous and autonomous functions.
Additionally, it provides guidance on the type of information to be provided by the manufacturer on safe
working practices (including information about residual risks).
The purpose of this document is to assist in the provision of more specific safety requirements, means of
verification and information for use to ensure an appropriate level of safety for agricultural machinery and
tractors with partially automated, semi-autono
...