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International
Standard
ISO 4649
Fifth edition
Rubber, vulcanized or
2024-08
thermoplastic — Determination of
abrasion resistance using a rotating
cylindrical drum device
Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique — Détermination de la
résistance à l'abrasion à l'aide d'un dispositif à tambour tournant
Reference number
© ISO 2024
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus and materials . 4
6 Calibration . 5
7 Test pieces . 5
7.1 Type and preparation .5
7.2 Number .6
7.3 Time interval between vulcanization or forming and testing .6
7.4 Conditioning.6
8 Test temperature . 6
9 Procedure . 6
9.1 General test procedure .6
9.2 Comparison against standard reference compounds or user-defined reference
compounds .7
9.3 Density .8
10 Expression of results . 8
10.1 General .8
10.2 Relative volume loss, ΔV .8
rel
10.3 Abrasion resistance index .8
11 Precision . 9
12 Test report . 9
Annex A (normative) Suitable abrasive sheet. 10
Annex B (normative) Standard and user-defined reference compounds .11
Annex C (normative) Calibration schedule .15
Annex D (informative) Precision and bias . 17
Bibliography . 19
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
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with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee
SC 2, Testing and analysis.
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 4649:2017), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— Addition of requirement to report the abrasive sheet cleaning method used.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
Various types of laboratory test equipment for wear resistance of rubber compound have been developed
depending on the products to which rubber compounds have been applied in the past. Methods and
equipment are briefly introduced in ISO 23794 and the test method using a rotating cylindrical drum device
is described in detail in this document.
Because factors such as the grade of abrasive sheet, the type of adhesive used in the manufacture of the
sheet and contamination and wear caused by previous testing lead to variations in the absolute values of
abrasion loss, all tests are comparative. Runs with a reference compound are included so that the results
can be expressed either as a relative volume loss compared to a calibrated abrasive sheet or as an abrasion
resistance index compared to a reference compound.
This document describes two methods and specifies two standard reference compounds that can be chosen
freely, although some combinations are more frequently used in practice. Considerable experience has been
accumulated using the relative volume loss calculation in 10.2 for method A with reference compound no. 1
and method B with reference compounds no. 1 and no. 2.
When using standard reference compound no. 1 with a non-rotating test piece, a very important part of the
method is the preparation of the abrasive sheet and its calibration.
Relative volume loss can be calculated for either test method with another reference compound, if the
defined mass loss is known.
v
International Standard ISO 4649:2024(en)
Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of
abrasion resistance using a rotating cylindrical drum device
WARNING 1 — Persons using this document should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This
document does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is
the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine
the applicability of any other restrictions.
WARNING 2 — Certain procedures specified in this document might involve the use or generation of
substances or the generation of waste, that could constitute a local environmental hazard. Reference
should be made to appropriate documentation on safe handling and disposal after use.
1 Scope
This document specifies two methods for the determination of the resistance of rubber to abrasion by means
of a rotating cylindrical drum device.
The methods involve determination of the volume loss due to the abrasive action of rubbing a test piece over a
specified grade of abrasive sheet. Method A is for a non-rotating test piece and method B is for a rotating test
piece. For each method, the result can be reported as a relative volume loss or an abrasion resistance index.
These test methods are suitable for comparative testing, quality control, specification compliance testing,
referee purposes and research and development work. No close relation between the results of this abrasion
test and service performance can be inferred.
NOTE The abrasion loss is often more uniform using the rotating test piece because the whole surface of the test
piece is in contact with the abrasive sheet over the duration of the test. However, there is considerable experience
using the non-rotating test piece.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 48-4, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of hardness — Part 4: Indentation hardness by
durometer method (Shore hardness)
ISO 2230, Rubber products — Guidelines for storage
ISO 2393, Rubber test mixes — Preparation, mixing and vulcanization — Equipment and procedures
ISO 2781, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of density
ISO 18899:2013, Rubber — Guide to the calibration of test equipment
ISO 23529, Rubber — General procedures for preparing and conditioning test pieces for physical test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
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