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UDC 591.873.6 ,
IS0
I NT ERN AT I O N A L O RG A N IZAT I O N FO R STA N DA RD IZ AT I O N
IS0 RECOMMENDATION
R 391
BUILDING AND SANITARY PIPES
IN ASBESTOS-CEMENT
1st E DIT I O N
November 1964
COPYRIGHT RESERVED
The copyright of IS0 Recommendations and IS0 Standards
belongs to IS0 Member Bodies. Reproduction of these
documents, in any country, may be authorized therefore only
by the national standards organization of that country, being
a member of ISO.
For each individual country the only valid standard is the national standard of that country.
Printed in Switzerland
Also issued in French and Russian. Copies to be obtained through the national standards organizations.
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BRTEF HISTORY
The IS0 Recommendation R 391, Building and sanitary pipes in ushestos-cement,
was drawn up by Technical Committee ISO/TC 77, Products in nsbestos-cement, the Secre-
tariat of which is held by the Association Suisse de Normalisation (SNV).
Work on this question 5y the Technical Committee began in 1956 and led, in 1963,
to the adoption of a Draft IS0 Recommendation.
In December 1963, this Draft IS0 Recommendation (No. 689) was circulated to all
the IS0 Member Bodies for enquiry. It was approved, subject to a few modifications of
an editorial nature, by the following Member Bodies:
Australia Israel Republic of South Africa
Austria Italy Romania
Belgium Japan Spain
Colombia Lebanon Sweden
Denmark Morocco Switzerland
Finland Netherlands Turkey
France New Zealand U.A.R.
Germany Norway United Kingdom
Greece Poland U.S.A.
Hungary Portugal
U. S. S. R.
Ireland Republic of Korea Venezuela
Yugoslavia.
Three Member Bodies opposed the approval of Draft :
Brazil, Mexico, Peru.
The Draft IS0 Recommendation was then submitted by correspondence to the IS0
Council, which decided, in November 1964, to accept it as an IS0 RECOMMEND-
ATION.
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ISO/R 391 . 1964 (E)
CONTENTS
Pages
.................................
1 . Scope 4
.................................
2 . Pipes 4
2.1 Composition . 4
2.2 Types .
4
2.3 General appearance and finish . 4
2.4 Characteristics . 4
2.4.1 Geometrical characteristics . 4
2.4.1.1 Nominal diameter . 4
2.4.1.2 Thickness .
5
2.4.1.3 Length . 5
2.4.1.4 Tolerances on the dimensions . 6
2.4.2 Physical characteristics . 6
2.4.3 Mechanical characteristics . 6
..........................
2.4.3.1 Bursting 6
2.4.3.2 Crushing . 7
2.4.3.3 Bending . 7
2.5 Tests .
7
2.5.1 Internal hydraulic pressure tightness test . 7
2.5.2 Internal hydraulic pressure bursting test . 7
2.5.3 Transverse crushing test . 8
2.5.4 Longitudinal bending test . 9
.............................
2.6 Marking 10
................................
3 . Jointing 10
3.1 Pipes with socket . 10
3.1.1 Profile and diameter . IO
3.1.2 Thickness . 10
3.1.3 Depth .
11
3.2 Pipes with plain ends . 11
4 .
. Sampling. inspection and acceptance
11
4.1 Inspection of each item of the consignment . 11
4.2 Inspection by sampling . 11
4.3 Length - Delivery tolerances . 11
Appendix A . Testing . 13
Appendix B . Extracts of IS0 Recommendation R 390 " Sampling and Inspection
of Asbestos-Cernent Products " .
15
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ISO/R 391 - 1964 (E)
IS0 Recommendation R 391 November 1964
ASBESTOS-CEMENT BUILDING AND SANITARY PIPES
1. SCOPE
This Recommendation applies to asbestos-cement pipes and jointing pieces used in building,
such as rainwater, sanitary ând sewer connections.
It defines certain conditions of manufacture, dimensions and acceptance tests for these
products.
2. PIPES
2.1 Composition
The pipes should be seamless and made by the application of a close and homogene-
ous mixture essentially consisting of a suitable inorganic hydraulic binder, asbestos
fibre and water, excluding any materials liable to cause ultimate deterioration in the
quality of the pipes.
2.2 Types
The pipes may be of two types:
- A - light - for pipes not used under pressure,
- B - heavy - for pipes which may be subject to accidental pressure in service.
The types A and B may be of two kinds:
- pipes with socket,
- pipes with plain ends.
2.3 General appearance and finish
The interior surface of the pipes should be regular and smooth. If required, they
may be coated internally and externally with a suitable coating which should comply
with the requirements of the national standards of the producing country.
2.4 Characteristics
2.4.î Geometrical characteristics
2.4.1.1 NOMINAL DIAMETER
The nominal diameter of the pipes corresponds to the internal diameter (bore),
tolerances not being taken into account.
L Pressure pipes are covered by IS0 Recommendation R 160, sewerage and drainage pipes by IS0 Recommendation
(at present Draft IS0 Recommendation No. 786).
2 This Recommendation also applies to autoclaved pipes, when the binder is partially replaced by ground silica.
4
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ISO/R 391 - 1964 (E)
The series of the nominal diameters is as follows:
~~
Millimetres Inches (approximately)
2
50
60
2%
80 3
100 4
5
125
150 6
200 8
250 10
12
300
16
400
500 20 or 21
When national standards provide for other diameters, these should be chosen
from preferred numbers of the R 10 series.
2.4.1.2 THICKNESSES
The nominal thicknesses of the pipes should conform to those in the national
standards of the producing country or, failing this, should be as specified in
the manufacturers’ catalogues.
be not less than the following:
The actual thicknesses should however
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES
Nominal diameter Thickness
50 6
60 6
7
80
7
100
125 7
150 8
8
200
250 10
300 10
400 11
12
500
2.4.1.3 LENGTH
The nominal length of the pipes corresponds to the length measured between
the extremities for pipes with plain ends and to the useful length for socketed
pipes, not taking the tolerances into account.
3 The manufacturers’ catalogues should state the dimensions which they normally keep in stock.
4 For special orders, the thicknesses of the pipes may be less than those indicated in the above table provided that
the internal hydraulic pressure bursting strength (2.5.2), the crushing strength (2.5.3) and the bending strength
(2.5.4) be increased in proportion so that the test or breaking loads be at least as high as the loads calculated
for the minimum thicknesses indicated in the table.
-5-
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ISO/R 391 - 1964 (E)
The series of the nominal or useful lengths is of:
0.50 - 1.00 - 2.00 - 3.00 - 4.00 m. 5
The pipes of diameter equal to or exceeding 250 mm may also be made in 5.00 m
length.
2.4.1.4 TOLERANCES ON THE DIMENSIONS
(a) on the internal diameter of the pipes and sockets (tolerance of ovality)
The diametral variation O as defined by the ratio of the actual diameter
Dr (maximum or minimum bore of pipes or sockets measured over a
given section) and the nominal diameter Dr (bore of pipes or sockets)
expressed by the formula:
should lie within the following limits according to the nominal diameters.
for diameters less than 80 mm . . . . ' 0.96-1.04 0.975-1.025
for diameters from 80 to 150 mm . . . 0.97-1 .O3 0.98 -1 .O2
for diameters from 200 to 500 mm . . 0.98-1.02 0.985-1.015
(6) on the nominal thicknesses
- for nominal diameter less than or equal to 125 mm
upper deviation: + 1.5 mm
lower deviation: - 1 mm
-- for nominal diameters equal to or exceeding 150 mm
upper deviation: + 2 mm
lower deviation: - 1.5 mm.
(c) on the nominal length
Upper deviation: + 10 mm
Lower deviation: - 10 mm.
2.4.2 Physical characteristics
Tested as provided for in 2.5.1 (compulsory test), the pipes should not indicate
any fissure, loss or visible sweating on their outside surface.
2.4.3 Mechanical characteristics
2.4.3.1 BURSTING
Tested as provided for in 2.5.2 (compulsory test), the pipes should indicate
a minimum unit bursting stress of
(a) pipes of type A 100 kgf/cm2
(b) pipes of type B 130 kgf/cm2.
3 The manufacturers' catalogues should state the dimensions which they normally keep in stock.
-6-
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ISO/R 391 - 1964 (E)
2.4.3.2 CRUSHING
Tested as provided for in 2.5.3 (optional test), the pipes should indicate a
minimum unit crushing stress of:
(a) pipes of type A 225 kgf/cm2
(b) pipes of type B 295 kgf/cm2.
2.4.3.3 BENDING
Tested as provided for in 2.5.4 (optional test), the pipes should indicate a
minimum unit bending stress of:
(a) pipes of type A 150 kgf/cm2
(b) pipes of type B 165 kgf/cm2.
2.5 Tests
The acceptance tests are carried out at the manufacturer’s work on pipes and test
pieces cut off the pipes which the manufacturer guarantees to be sufficiently matured.
(a) Compulsory tests
1. Internal hydraulic pressure tightness test (method as defined in 2.5.1, number
of tests as indicated in the extract of the table in Appendix B).
2. Internal hydraulic pressure bursting test (method as defined in 2.5.2, number
of tests as indicated in the extract of the table in Appendix B).
(h) Optional tests at purchaser’s request
3. Transverse crushing test (method as defined in 2.5.3, number of tests as indi-
cated in the extract of the table in Appendix B).
4. Longitudinal bending test (method as defined in 2.5.4, number of tests as
indicated in the extract of the table in Appendix B).
NOTE: The test pieces required for the tests should be taken from the same pipe, if its length allows it.
2.5.1 Internal hydraulic pressure tightness test
This test is carried out on whole pipes, including the sockets if the pipes are
socketed.
The pipes are placed on a hydraulic press, the tightness of the ends being
ensured by a device avoiding as far as possible any axial compression of the pipe.
The internal hydraulic pressure is measured by a pressure gauge calibrated to
give accurate readings.
The internal hydraulic pressure is raised gradually to 1 kgf/cm2 for pipes of type A
and 2.5 kgf/cm2 for pipes of type B. This pressure is maintained for at least
30 seconds to check that there is no fissure loss or visible sweating on the outside
surface of the pipe.
2.5.2 Internal hydraulic pressure bursting test
A piece not less than 50 cm long is taken from the end of a pipe and immersed
in water for 48 hours. It is put under pressure by a device based on the method
of jointing used in actual practice and avoiding as far as possible any axial com-
pression of the pipe, the distance between the sealing rings being not less than
45 cm measured between the centres of the rings.
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E
lSO/R 391 - 1964 (E)
The test piece is submitted to a press which is raised gradually and regularly to
breaking point. The rate of increase of the pressure is 1 to 2 kgf/cm2 s.
The unit bursting stress R, is expressed in kilogrammes-force per square centi-
metre by the formula:
P (dfe)
R, ~
2e
where
p = internal hydraulic pressure, expressed in kilogrammes-force per square
centimetre
d = actual internal diameter of the pipe, expressed in centimetres
e = actual thickness of the pipe in the broken section expressed in centimetres;
the thickness considered is the average of three measurements taken
along the line of fracture.
The unit bursting stress R, should be not less than:
(a) pipes of type A 100 kgf/cm2
(b) pipes of type B 130 kgf/cm2.
2.5.3 Transverse crushing test
The test is carried out on a piece of pipe 20 cm long, after immersion for 48 hours
in water. Strips of felt or soft fibre not more than 1 cm thick are interposed
between the press plates and the test piece. The load transmitted by the press is
raised gradually so as to increase the stresses at the rate of 10 to 20 kgf/cm2 s
up to breaking point.
The unit transverse crushing stress Re expressed in kilogrammes-force per square
centimetre is given by the formula:
where
I
M = - P (Li+€)
271
P = breaking load, expressed in kilogrammes-force
d = actual internal diameter of the pipe, expressed in centimetres
e = actual thickness of the pipe in the broken section, expressed in centimetres :
the thickness considered is the average of three measurements taken
along the line of fracture
L = actual length of the loaded specimen depending on the section of rupture,
expressed in centimetres.
NOTE: The value R, may also be derived from the formula:
The values are expressed in the same units.
6 Any tolerances on a bursting stress when specified by national standards should not lead to the acceptance of
values lower than the minimum indicated in this Recommendation.
Also when these national standards specify tests on non-immersed pipes, this modification of the testing con-
ditions is only acceptable on the condition that the unit bursting stress so determined be not less than:
110 kgf/cmz
(a) pipes of type A
(b) pipes of type B 145 kgfjcmz.
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ISO/R 391 - 1964 (E)
The unit transverse crushing stress Re should be not less than:
(a) pipes of type A 225 kgf/cm2
295 kgf/cm2. '
(h) pipes of type €3
2.5.4 Longitirdinal bending test
Taking into account the practical possibilities of carrying out the test and the na-
ture of the bending stresses, this test may be called for on pipes not exceeding
150 mm diameter.
The test is carried out on a pipe or part of a pipe at least 2.20 m long, after iminer-
sion in water for 48 hours. The test pi
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