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Ref. No.: IS0 / R 452 - 1965 (E)
IS0
I NT ERN AT I ON AL O RG A N I ZAT I O N FOR STAN DARD I Z AT I O N
I S O R E CO M M E N DATI O N
R 452
ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS
OF 35 mm MICROFILM READING APPARATUS
1 st EDITION
November 1965
COPYRIGHT RESERVED
The copyright of IS0 Recommendations and IS0 Standards
belongs to IS0 Member Bodies. Reproduction of these
documents, in any country, may be authorized &herefore only
by the national standards organization of that country, being
a member of ISO.
For each individual country the only valid standard is the national standard of that country.
Printed in Switzerland
Also issued in French and Russian. Copies to be obtained through the national standards organizations.
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BRIEF HISTORY
The IS0 Recommendation R 452, Essential C?iaracteristics of 35 mm MicroJim
Reading Apparatus, was drawn up by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Documentation, the
Secretariat of which is held by the Nederlands Instituut voor Documentatie en Registratuur
(N.I.D.E.R.) on behalf of the Stichting Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut ("1).
Work on this question by the Technical Committee began in 1952 and led, in 1961,
to the adoption of a Draft IS0 Recommendation.
In October 1961, this Draft IS0 Recommendation (No. 485) was circulated to all the
IS0 Member Bodies for enquiry. It was approved by the following Member Bodies:
Austria Hungary Portugal
Belgium India Romania
Brazil Ireland Spain
Canada Israel Sweden
Czechoslovakia Italy Switzerland
Denmark Japan Turkey
France Netherlands United Kingdom
Germany New Zealand U.S.A.
Greece Poland
No Member Body opposed the approval of the Draft.
The Draft IS0 Recommendation was then submitted by correspondence to the IS0
Council, which decided, in November 1965, to accept it as an IS0 RECOMMENDATION.
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IS0 Recommendation R 452 November 1965
ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS
OF 35 mm MICROFILM READING APPARATUS
1. SCOPE
1.1 This IS0 Recommendation covers exclusively reading apparatus for 35 mm microfilms,
perforated or unperforated, in roll or strip form, or in roll and strip form, complying with
IS0 Recommendation R . . . , 35 mm and 16 mm Microfilms. *
1.2 It applies to reading apparatus for individual use installed in libraries, documentation centres
and other institutions where ordinary microfilms, such as those covered by the afore-
mentioned IS0 Recommendation, are frequently received from outside sources.
1.3 The reading apparatus should equally accommodate double-perforated, single-perforated,
and unperforated films.
2. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
2.1 The reading apparatus should be designed so that it can be used by all persons frequenting a
library or a documentation centre, without supervision and after only brief instruction.
2.2 Under these conditions, the apparatus should provide legible images from 35 mm microfilms
of usual type, without scratching the film or damaging the perforations during repeated or
continuous use.
3. BASIC REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Reading apparatus is generally of one of the following types:
apparatus with a translucent screen,
apparatus for projection on an opaque screen.
Y
3.2 Each type may be fitted
either with a screen not protected from the ambient light,
or with a screen protected from the ambient light by means of an appropriate device.
4. CIRCULAR FIELD
A 35 mm reading apparatus should have a circular field able to accommodate at least the image
sizes 31.75 mm x 31.75 mm (1.250 in x 1.250 in) and 24 mm x 36 mm (0.945 in x 1.417 in)
in either position.**
*
At present a draft proposal.
**
of a square with 31.75 mm (1.250 in) sides is substantially the same as that of a 24 mm x 36 mm (0.945
The diagonal
inx 1.417 in) rectangle. The sq
...