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UDC 629.113 : 001.4
IS0
I N TE R NAT1 O NAL OR GAN I ZATl O N FOR S TAN DARD I ZATl O N
IS0 RECOMMENDATION
R 611
BRAKING OF MOTOR VEHICLES
AND THEIR TRAILERS
TERMINOLOGY
1 st EDITION
Au g ust 1 967
COPYRIGHT RESERVED
The copyright of IS0 Recommendations and IS0 Standards
belongs to IS0 Member Bodies. Reproduction of these
documents, in any country, may be authorized therefore only
by the national standards organization of that country, being
a member of ISO.
For each individual country the only valid standard is the national standard of that country.
Printed in Switzerland
Also issued in French and Russian. Copies to be obtained through the national standards organizations.
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BRIEF HISTORY
The IS0 Recommendation R 61 1, Braking of Motor Vehicles and their Trailers - Terminology,
was drawn up by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Automobiles, the Secretariat of which is held
by the Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR).
Work on this question by the Technical Committee began in 1960 and led, in 1962, to the
adoption of a Draft IS0 Recommendation.
In January 1964, this Draft IS0 Recommendation (No.588) was circulated to all the
IS0 Member Bodies for enquiry. It was approved, subject to a few modifications of an editorial
nature, by the following Member Bodies :
Australia Israel Portugal
Austria Italy Romania
Colombia Japan Spain
Czechoslovakia Korea, Rep. of Sweden
France Netherlands Switzerland
Greece New Zealand U.S.S.R.
Hungary Poland Yugoslavia
Four Member Bodies opposed the approval of the Draft:
Belgium United Kingdom
Germany U.S.A.
The Draft IS0 Recommendation was then submitted by correspondence to the IS0
Council, which decided, in August 1967, to accept it as an IS0 RECOMMENDATION.
CONTENTS
Page
Introduction . 3
I. List of terms to be defined . 3
II. Definitions . 5
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ISO/R 611 - 1967 (E)
IS0 Recommendation R 611 August 1967
BRAKING OF MOTOR VEHICLES AND THEIR TRAILERS
TERMINOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
This IS0 Recommendation relating to braking terminology deals with the definitions of the main
terms used in connection with braking. These terms may designate either material parts which
are actuated when a braking system is operating or quantities which are involved in the whole
or a part of this operation.
Except for term 1, the terms thus defined pertain to motor vehicles and their trailers, i.e. single
and articulated vehicles or road trains.
In the definition of term 1, “Braking equipment”, the word “vehicle” may be assumed to have
its broadest meaning.
I. LIST OF TERMS TO BE DEFINED
1. Braking equipment
2. Braking device
2.1 General definition
2.2 Definitions related to conditions of use
2.2.1 Service brake
2.2.2 Auxiliary brake
2.2.3 Emergency brake
2.2.4 Parking brake
3. Bra :ing device : Operation ani. organization
3.1 Sources of energy
3.1.1 Muscular
3.1.2 Mechanical (elastic deflection)
3.1.3 Kinetic
3.1.3.1 Mechanical servo-brake
3.1.4 Depression
3.1.4.1 Depression (vacuum) servo-brake
3.1.5 Compressed air
3.1.6 Hydraulic
3.1.7 Electrical
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ISO/R 611 - 1967 (E)
3.2 Control
3.2.1 By the driver
3.2.1.1 By hand
3.2.1.2 By foot
3.2.2 Without action of the driver (automatic control)
3.2.2.1 By inertia
3.2.2.2 By gravity
3.2.2.3 By traction
3.2.2.4 By variation of pressure
3.2.2.5 Electrically
3.3 Transmission (GB) - Linkage (USA)
3.3.1 Nature of the transmission (linkage)
3.3.1.1 Mechanical
3.3.1.2 Hydraulic
3.3.1.3 Pneumatic
3.3.1.4 Electric
3.3.1.5 Combined
3.3.2 Structure of the transmission (linkage)
3.3.2.1 Single circuit transmission (linkage)
3.3.2.2 Multiple circuit transmission (linkage)
3.3.2.3 Single line transmission (linkage) (articulated vehicle or road train)
3.3.2.4 Multiple line transmission (linkage) (articulated vehicle or road train)
3.4 Brake (proper)
3.4.1 Friction brake
3.4.1.1 Drum brake
3.4.1.2 Disc brake
4. Retarding device (retarder)
4.1 Engine
4.2 Exhaust brake
4.3 Engine retarding device (retarder)
4.4 Hydrodynamic retarding device (retarder)
4.5 Aerodynamic retarding device (retarder)
4.6 Electro-magnetic retarding device (retarder)
5. Braking mechanics
5.1 Braking force
5.2 Braking power
5.3 Braking time (GB) - Brake system application time (USA)
5.3.1 Initial delay time (GB) - Brake activation time (USA)
5.3.2 Build up time
5.3.3 Time of active braking (GB) - Braking time (USA)
5.3.4 Final release time (GB) - Brake release time (USA)
5.4 Braking distance (GB) - Brake system application distance (USA)
5.4.1 Stopping distance
5.5 Braking deceleration
5.5.1 Braking Co-efficient (average or instantaneous)
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ISO/R 611 - 1967 (E)
II. DEFINITIONS
1. BRAKING EQUIPMENT
The braking equipment of a vehicle consists of all the braking and retarding devices with which
that vehicle is equipped.
2. BRAKING DEVICE
2.1 General definition
A mechanism, the function of which is to reduce the speed of a vehicle down to the stopping
1 (a), page 11).
point, if necessary, or to maintain it at rest (see Note
2.2 Definitions related to conditions of use
According to circumstances a braking device can take any of the following forms:
- Service brake, see term 2.2.1 ,
- Auxiliary brake, see term 2.2.2,
- Emergency brake, see term 2.2.3,
- Parking brake, see term 2.2.4.
2.2.1 Service brake
The primary braking device controlled by the driver and used during normal driving of
the vehicle.
2.2.2 Auxiliary brake
A braking device the action of which may be added to the service brake.
2.2.3 Emergency brake
A braking device controlled by the driver and intended to act in place of the service brake
in the event of its failure.
2.2.4 Parking brake
A braking device designed to prevent movement, even on a slope, of a stationary vehicle
especially in the absence of the driver.
3. BRAKING DEVICE: OPERATION AND ORGANIZATION
A braking device operates by the application of an effort produced at the expense of a source of
energy (see clause 3.1). This effort is applied by means of the following elements:
- Control, see clause 3.2,
- Transmission, see clause 3.3,
- Brake (proper), see clause 3.4.
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IÇO/R 611 - 1967 (E)
3.1 Sources of energy
3.1 . 1 Muscular
Effort of the driver.
3.1.2 Mechanical (elastic deflection)
The effort provided by action of compressed springs.
3.1.3 Kinetic
The effort provided, by means of a suitable coupling, by some moving part of the vehicle
to supplement, but not replace, the muscular effort of the driver.
3.1.3.1 Mechanical servo-brake
A mechanism by means of which kinetic energy of the vehicle is made available to
supplement the muscular effort of the driver.
3.1.4 Depression
The effort provided by means of a depression used to supplement, but not replace, the
muscular effort of the driver.
3.1.4.1 Depression (vacuum) servo-brake
A mechanism by means of which a depression of the engine is made use of to
supplement the muscular effort of the driver.
3.1 .5 Compressed air
The effort required to actuate the braking device is provided by the pressure exerted
by the compressed air stored in a reservoir on the vehicle.
3.1.6 Hydraulic
The effort required to actuate the braking device is provided either by the pressure exerted
within an hydraulic accumulator or by resisting the movement of a confined liquid.
3.1.7 Electrical
The effort required to actuate the braking device is provided by the sources of electrical
energy with which the vehicle is equipped.
3.2 Control
The element or mechanism of the braking device which governs the action of that braking
device as a whole.
It may be operated
3.2.1 By the driver
3.2.1.1 By hand.
3.2.1.2 By foot.
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ISO/R 611 - 1967 (E)
3.2.2 Without action of the driver (automatic control)
3.2.2.1 By inertia (overrun)
Proximity between a trailer and the towing vehicle.
3.2.2.2 By gravity
The dropping of the trailer drawbar.
3.2.2.3 By traction
Tension of a cable between a trailer and the towing vehicle.
3.2.2.4 By variation of pressure
Variation of pressure in a connecting hose between a trailer and the towing vehicle.
3.2.2.5 Electrically
Breaking or completing of an electrical
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