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Ref. Na. : ISO/R 186-1968 (E)
n
IS0
I N T ERN AT I ON A L O RG A N IL AT1 ON FO R STA N DA RD IZATl ON
IS0 RECOMMENDATION
R 186
METHOD OF SAMPLING
PAPER AND BOARD FOR TESTING
2nd EDITION
April 1968
This second edition supersedes the first edition
COPYRIGHT RESERVED
The copyright of IS0 Recommendations and IS0 Standards
belongs to IS0 Member Bodies. Reproduction of these
documents, in any country, may be authorized therefore only
by the national standards organization of that country, being
a member of ISO.
For each individual country the only valid standard is the national standard of that country.
Printed in Switzerland
Also issued in French and Russian. Copies to be obtained through the national standards organizations.
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BRIEF HISTORY
The IS0 Recommendation R 186, Method of sampling paper for testing, was drawn up by Technical
Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, the Secretariat of which is held by the Association Française de
Normalisation (AFNOR).
Work on this question by the Technical Committee began in 1958 and led, in the same year, to the adoption
IS0 Recommendatiom.
of a Draft
In January 1959, this Dlraft IS0 Recommendation (No. 268) was circulated to all IS0 Member Bodies for
enquiry. It was approved by 2!i Member Bodies. One Member Body (Belgium) opposed the approval of the Draft.
The Draft IS0 Recommimdation was then submitted by correspondence to the IS0 Council which decided,
in February 1961, to accept it as an IS0 RECOMMENDATION.
O
BRIEF HISTORY RELATING TO THE 2nd EDITION
Sub-Committee ISO/TC 6/SC 2 was entrusted in 1963, by the Secretariat of Technical
Committee ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps, with the preparation of the revision of the IS0 Recom-
mendation R 186-1961. This work led in 1965 to the adoption of a Draft Revision.
The new title : Method of sampling paper and board for testing, completes the title of the first
edition : Method of samplin,gpaper for testing; some amendments were made to the text.
In November 1965, this Draft Revision (No. 863) was circulated to all the IS0 Member Bodies
for enquiry. It was approved, subject to a few modifications of an editorial nature, by the following
Member Bodies :
Argentina Iran Romania
Australia Ireland South Africa,
Belgium Israel Rep. of
Brazil Italy Spain
O
Chile
Japan Sweden
Czechoslovakiai Korea, Rep. of Switzerland
Denmark Mexico Turkey
Finland New Zealand U.A.R.
France United Kingdom
Norway
GeMlany Poland Yugoslavia
India Portugal
Four Member Bodies opposed the approval of the Draft :
Canada
Netherlands
U.S.A.
U.S.S.R.
186-1961 was then submitted by correspon-
The Draft Revision OS IS0 Recommendation R
dence to the IS0 Council which decided, in April 1968, to accept it.
The present edition (2nd Edition) embodies this revision.
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ISO/R 186-1968 (I
IS0 Recommendation R 186 April 1968.
METHOD OF SAMPLING
PAPER AND BOARD FOR TESTING
1. SCOPE
This IS0 Recommendation specifies a method of obtaining a representative sample of a lot of paper*
or board* for test purposes.
For some tests, special methods of sampling may be necessary; these will be given in the text of the
appropriate method of test.
NOTE. - If, at the the of sampling, less than 50 7, of the lot remains, sampling will be invalid in the absence of
agreement to the contrary.
2. TERMINOLOGY
A consignment consists of one or more lots.
The lot is the aggregate of paper or board of a single kind, of specified characteristics.
A lot comprises of one or more similar units, such as reels, reams (units or assembled), bales, bundles,
parcels, cases, pallets, etc.
The specimens are rectangles of paper or board cut to given dimensions, from the sheets drawn from
the selected units.
The sample comprises all the specimens.
k test piece comprises the quantity of paper or board on which the determination is carried out in
accordance with the stipulations of the method of test.
It may be taken from a specimen; in some instances, the test piece may be the specimen itself, or
several specimens.
Selected at random means taken in such a way that each part of the whole has an equal chance of
being selected. Lot
unit Git unit
n
u Sheet U!
See the following definitions in Recommendation ISO/R 66, Paper vocabularly - First series of terms :
No. IS - Paper,
No. 19 - Board,
No. 22 - Solid fibreboard,
NO. 23 - Corrugated fibreboard.
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ISO/R 186-1968 (I
3. PRINCIPLE
To withdraw from each lot a certain number of units.
(a)
To take from each af these units a certain number of sheets.
(b)
In general, to cut from these sheets the specimens from which will be taken the test pieces
(c)
necessary for various tests.
4. PROCEDURE
4.1 Selection of units
The units to be sampled should be selected according to the following Table :
Number of units
Method of selection
Units selected
all -
Q
6 to 99 5 at random
n*
100 to 399
at random
20
400 or more 20 at random
~
The units selected should be intact and in good external condition.
* In deciding the number of units to be selected, any remainder of less than 20 units should be ignored.
4.2 Selection of sheets
For each unit withdrawn from the lot, proceed as follows :
4.2.1 If the unit is a packuge that may be opened
When the unit is not subdivided (with or without a pallet)
(1)
Take at random the same number of sheets from each unit and as many as are necessary
20 sheets and
for the tests, or are otherwise requested, with a total of not less than
avoiding the outermost and all damaged sheets.
When the unit is composed of elements (reams or parcels, etc.) packaged together (with
(2)
or without a pallet)
Q
If there arc 20 or more elements in each unit, assemble all the elements from the
various units previously taken as in clause 4.1 and select the elements in the same way
that units are selected in clause 4.1.
If there are less than 20 elements in each unit, then one element should be selected at
random from each unit.
From each element retained select the sheets as indicated in clause
...