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Ref. No. : ISO/R 710/1I-1968 (E)
IS0
I NT ERN AT1 ON A L O RG A N IZ AT1 ON FOR STAN DARD IZATlO N
IS0 RECOMMENDATION
R 7îO/ Il
GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS FOR USE ON DETAILED MAPS,
PLANS AND GEOLOGICAL CROSS SECTIONS
PART II : REPRESENTATION OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
1st EDITION
April 1968
COPYRIGHT RESERVED
The copyright of IS0 Recommendations and IS0 Standards
belongs to IS0 Member Bodies. Reproduction of these
documents, in any country, may be authorized therefore only
by the national standards organization of that country, being
a member of ISO.
For each individual country the only valid standard is the national standard of that country.
Printed in Switzerland
Also issued in French and Russian. Copies to be obtained through the national standards organizations.
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BRIEF HISTORY
The IS0 Recommendation R 710/II, Graphical symbols for use on detailed maps, plans and
geological cross sections - Part II : Representation of sedimentmy rocks, was drawn up by Technical
Committee ISO/TC 82, Mining, the Secretariat of which is held by the Deutscher Normenausschuss
(DNA).
!
Work on this question by the Technical Committee began in 1959 and led, in 1963, to the
adoption of a Draft IS0 Recommendation.
In January 1965, this Draft IS0 Recommendation (No. 728) was circulated to all the IS0
Member Bodies for enquiry. It was approved, subject to a few modifications of an editorial nature, by
the following Member Bodies :
Belgium
Italy Sweden
Brazil
Japan Turkey
Chile
Korea, Rep. of U.A.R.
Czechoslovakia Netherlands U.S.S.R.
France Poland
Germany Portugal
Greece
South Africa,
Rep. of
Hungasr
India Spain
Two Member Bodies opposed the approval of the Draft :
New Zealand
Yugoslavia
The Draft IS0 Recommendation was then submitted by correspondence to the IS0 Council,
which decided, in April 1968, to accept it as as IS0 RECOMMENDATION.
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ISO/R 710/II-1968 (
IS0 Recommendation R 710/11 April 1968
GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS FOR USE ON DETAILED MAPS,
PLANS AND.GEOLOGICAL CROSS SECTIONS
PART II : REPRESENTATION OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
1. SCOPE
This IS0 Recommendation is intended to unify symbols and ornaments for the representation of
sedimentary rocks on maps, plans and detailed geological cross-sections.
The symbols and ornaments may be divided in two groups, as follows :
(1) ,Principal types and
(2) Varia.
They are reproduced in two tables corning within the framework of a logical system which makes it
possible to complete them easily in case of need.
2. PRINCIPAL TYPES
2.1 Diagrammatic representation (see Table 1, pages 8 and 9).
In columns 1 to 15 of the Table comprising 18 principal types, i.e. 18 lines numbered 1 to 18,
the nature of the rock is specified as far as possible by means of an adjective; each column
designates a petrographic property of the rock in question (box 3/12, for example, represents an
area of sandy limestone)*. At the top of Table 1 (line entitled “Elementary symbols”) are
given the individual symbols, several of which, when juxtaposed, form the ornaments of the
corresponding rocks. The constituents of rocks are given from left to right : first the clastic
constituents (from detritus to clay), followed by the chemical and organic sediments. In the
main, the same order is observed for the horizontal subdivision of Table 1.
2.1.1 The elementary symbols shown have been used to form the ornaments with an irregular
arrangement to characterize loose rocks, and a systematic staggered arrangement to represent
consolidated rocks.
2.1.2 The column, “Basic types”, comprises rocks with no supplementary characterization, and
pure types. “Mixed types”, on the other hand, are rocks whose composition is characterized
by their petrographic peculiarities, for example, by a binder such as argillaceous sandstone,
box 5/8, or by additional constituents such as gritty sand, box 2/3. The boxes at the inter-
section of a basic type (horizontal line) and of the same character (vertical column) are left
white and are emphasized by a diagonal.
*
In order to designate a box, always quote first the number of the column and, second the number of the line, the
two numbers being separated by a stroke, for example, 3/12.
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ISO/R 710/11-1968 I
2.2 Individual symbols
As far as possible, the selected ornaments express in a diagrammatic way the nature of the
rocks. This is relatively easy to accomplish in the case of clastic sedimentary rocks.
2.2.1 Detritus. This is represented by sharp-cornered particles; rounded gravel is represented by
round particles. The smaller grain of sand is marked on the drawing by a dot. A more detailed
subdivision according to the size of the grains, for example, division into coarse, medium or
fine sand, may be obtained by the smaller or the larger dimension of the symbols. As an
example, the four following ornaments show the way in which it is possible to distinguish
between the different types of sand depending on the size of the grains (see Fig. 1 to 4).
I:.'"''"I . pl . TJ . . .e.
,.
!'.
.. ._
... *=** .. ...... -. , :.
.:. ' . *a '
. . .a:: . . . . . e**. . . . . . . . .' :
. .
FIG. 1- Coarse sand FIG. 2 - Medium sand FIG. 3 - Fine sand FIG. 4 - Sand with grains
of different sizes
2.2.2 Silt. The elementary symbol is made up of two dots (the symbol of sand) and a line (the
symbol of clay) corresponding to the dimension of its particles which have an intermediary
place between sand and clay. It should, however, be noted that the dots should touch the
line.
2.2.3 Clay and clay rocks. A horizontal ornament has been chosen among the basic types, in order
to illustrate the imperviousness of these rocks. In the ornament for shale which is character-
ized by the highest degree of consolidation, the lines are elongated so that they form
continuous lines.
2.2.4 Limestone. The ornament retained is already widely used and has the form of a trellised
framework. It represents a stratified limestone with its fissures.
2.2.5 Dolomite. In this ornament. where calcium is partially replaced by magnesium, the vertical
lines slope slightly towards the right, forming an angle of 60" with the horizontal. The same
oblique line is found again in the ornaments for potassium-magnesium salts. The elementary
symbols for the two carbonates make use of the characteristic part of the corresponding
ornaments.
2.2.6 Gypsum. The elementary symbol is a simplified reproduction of its typical twin crystal
known under the name "fer de lance"*. The angle should be 90" in order to give a more
elongated form to the symbol.
2.2.7 Anhydrite. The same symbol as in clause 2.2.6, but reversed, is used to represent anhydrite.
Being similar to the letter A (Anhydrite), it is relatively easy to remember.
2.2.8 Sodium salt. This is represented by a square, derived from the cubic shape of its crystal. In
order to distinguish sodium salt from potassium-magnesium salt, a diagonal line should be
traced in the square, descending from left to right in the case of a magnesium salt (by
analogy with the symbol for dolomite).
* This designation means "spear-head".
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ISO/R 710/11-1968 (E)
--
Î
Potassium-
+S , Dolomitic Gypsiferous Anhydrite Sodium sait magnesium Ferruginous Siliceous Carbonaceous Bituminous
sait
I
I
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v A Ommi \\ 1 __ A
l 'I
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
. .-,
I
-____II
--
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-
I
,
Gritty
Nature of rock
Detritus Sandy Silty Argillaceous Calcareoys
pebbly
-
.
O Y
O
I
Elementary symbols
1
2 3 4 5 68
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b
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I- Y Y JI 1
FI= 9 Siltstone
/
t-1-14 I
Il 16 Sodiumsait
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I
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lSO/R 710/11-1968 (E)
2.2.9 ‘%emginous” and
“siliceous” symbols. The forms finally retained have been adopted
because no better ones were available. Ail the efforts made to find a descriptive method of
showing the property of’these rocks have led to no fully satisfactory solution.
2.2.10 Carbonaceous nature. This is represented by a black band resembling the cross-section of a
seam of coal.
2
...