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Kef. NO. : ISO/R 1015-1969 (E)
IS0
I N TERN AT1 O NA L O RG A N IZ AT1 O N FO R S TAN DAR D IZATl ON
IS0 RECO M M EN DATIO N
R 1015
DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE
IN' BROWN COALS AND LIGNITES
BY THE DIRECT VOLUMETRIC METHOD
1st EDITION
March 1969
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Printed in Switzerland
Also issued in French and Russian. Copies to be obtained through the national standards organizations.
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BRIEF HISTORY
The IS0 Recommendation R 101 5, Determination of moisture in brown coals and lignites by the direct
volumetric method, was drawn up by Technical Committee ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels, the Secretariat of
which is held by the British Standards Institution (BSI).
Work on this question led, in 1966, to the adoption of a Draft IS0 Recommendation.
In August 1967, this Draft IS0 Recommendation (No. 1282) was circulated to all the IS0 Member Bodies
L for enquiry. It was approved, subject to a few modifications of an editorial nature, by the following Member Bodies :
Australia Iran
South Africa, Rep. of
Austria Italy Spain
Canada Japan Switzerland
Czechoslovakia Korea, Rep. of Turkey
Denmark Netherlands U.A.R.
France New Zealand United Kingdom
Germany Portugal U.S.S.R.
India Romania Yugoslavia
No Member Body opposed the approval of the Draft.
Thz Draft IS0 Recommendation was then submitted by correspondence to the IS0 Council, which decided,
in March 1969, to accept it as an IS0 RECOMMENDATION.
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ISO/R 1015-1969 (E)
IS0 Recommendation R 1015 March 1969
DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE
IN BROWN COALS AND LIGNITES
BY THE DIRECT VOLUMETRIC METHOD
1. SCOPE
This IS0 Recommendation describes a direct volumetric method of determining the moisture content of brown
coals and lignites. It may be used for the determination of either total moisture or the moisture in the analysis
sample.
2. PRINCIPLE
The brown coal or lignite is heated in a flask under reflux conditions with boiling toluene or xylene. The moisture
is entrained by the toluene or xylene vapour and carried to a condenser fitted with a graduated receiver. The water
then separates in the receiver to form a lower layer whilst the excess reagent is returned to the distillation flask by
means of an overflow. The moisture content is calculated from the mass of sample taken and the volume of water
collecte d.
NOTE. - The results obtained using toluene and using xylene may not be identical for all brown coals and lignites hut any differences
should be within the tolerance of the method (see section 8).
3. REAGENTS
Ail reagents should be of analytical reagent quality and distilled water should be used throughout.
3.1 Toluene, boiling point 110 OC.
3.2 Xylene, boiling range 135 to 140 OC.
NOTE. - In view of the low solubility of water in either toluene or xylene it can be shown that only a very small error in the
determination could arise from variations in the condition of saturation of the entraining reagent. In order to reduce this error to
insignificance, however, it is recommended that the reagent should be used in the same condition for the determination as during
calibration of the apparatus.
4. APPARATUS
Distiliation fisk, capacity 500 ml minimum.
4.1
4.2 Condenser, having a minimum length of water jacket of 200 mm, and fitted with an extended lip to
direct the distillate into the receiver without touching the sides.
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ISO/R 1015-1969 (E)
4.3 Receiver, for the condensed water, graduated in 0.1 ml divisions. An overflow tube connected to the receiver
or to the lower portion of the condenser permits the return of condensed reagent to the distillation flask.
NOTES
1. The condenser, receiver and flask are fitted together by means of ground glass joints. The condenser may be fitted to
condense either an upward flowing or downward flowing vapour stream.
2. it is important that the receiver and condenser should be clean. To ensure this, they should be treated with a cleansing
reagent such as a strong solution of potassium dichromate in sulphuric acid.
4.4 Glass tubing. Pieces of glass tubing, 5 mm in diameter and 5 mm long, with sharp edges.
4.5 Spray tube. A glass tube through which the reagent can be supplied to wash down the inner surface of the
condenser. This precaution is required only when an upward flow condenser is employed.
4.6 Burette, graduated in 0.05 ml divisions.
5. SAMPLE
5.1 The sample for the determination of total moisture should be crushed to pass a sieve of 3 mm square
aperture. If special mills which prevent loss of moisture are available the sample may be crushed direct-
ly, otherwise the sample should be brought in
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