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GROUP SPECIFICATION
Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) Release 2;
Testing;
NFVI Compute and Network Metrics Specification
Disclaimer
The present document has been produced and approved by the Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) ETSI Industry
Specification Group (ISG) and represents the views of those members who participated in this ISG.
It does not necessarily represent the views of the entire ETSI membership.
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2 ETSI GS NFV-TST 008 V2.5.1 (2018-08)
Reference
RGS/NFV-TST008ed251
Keywords
network, NFV, NFVI, SDN, testing
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3 ETSI GS NFV-TST 008 V2.5.1 (2018-08)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 4
Foreword . 4
Modal verbs terminology . 4
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 References . 5
2.1 Normative references . 5
2.2 Informative references . 5
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 6
3.1 Definitions . 6
3.2 Abbreviations . 6
4 Time and Time Intervals for Metrics. 6
5 Framework for Metric Definitions . 7
6 Compute Metrics . 7
6.1 Background . 7
6.2 Name . 8
6.3 Parameters . 8
6.4 Scope . 8
6.5 Units of Measure . 8
6.6 Definition . 8
6.7 Method of Measurement . 9
6.8 Sources of Error . 9
6.9 Discussion . 9
7 Network Metrics . 9
7.1 Background . 9
7.2 Name . 10
7.3 Parameters . 10
7.4 Scope . 10
7.5 Units of Measure . 10
7.6 Definition . 10
7.7 Method of Measurement . 11
7.8 Sources of Error . 11
7.9 Discussion . 11
8 Memory Metrics . 12
8.1 Background . 12
8.2 Name . 12
8.3 Parameters . 12
8.4 Scope . 12
8.5 Units of Measure . 12
8.6 Definition . 12
8.7 Method of Measurement . 13
8.8 Sources of Error . 13
8.9 Discussion . 13
9 Follow-on Activities . 13
Annex A (informative): Examples of Scope Specification for Metrics . 14
A.1 Description . 14
A.2 Memory Scope . 15
Annex B (informative): Authors & contributors . 17
History . 18
ETSI
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Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Group Specification (GS) has been produced by ETSI Industry Specification Group (ISG) Network Functions
Virtualisation (NFV).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Although many metrics for the performance and utilization of the Network Function Virtualisation Infrastructure
(NFVI) components have been in wide use for many years, there were no independent specifications to support
consistent metric development and interpretation. The present document provides the needed specifications for key
NFVI metrics.
ETSI
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5 ETSI GS NFV-TST 008 V2.5.1 (2018-08)
1 Scope
The present document specifies detailed and vendor-agnostic key operational performance metrics at different layers of
the NFVI, especially processor usage and network interface usage metrics. These metrics are expected to serve as
references for processed and time-aggregated measurement values for performance management information that
traverses the Or-Vi and/or Vi-Vnfm reference points of the NFV architectural framework. The present document
contains normative provisions.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI GS NFV-INF 003 (V.1.1.1) (12-2014): "Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV);
Infrastructure; Compute Domain".
TM
[i.2] Linux /UNIX system programming training, Linux man-pages: "TOP(1)".
NOTE: Available at http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/top.1.html#2._SUMMARY%C2%A0Display.
[i.3] O'Reilly Linux Dev Center: "Exploring the /proc/net/ Directory".
NOTE: Available at http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/linux/2000/11/16/LinuxAdmin.html.
[i.4] RHEL™ 6.8 Deployment Guide: "E.2.18. /proc/meminfo".
NOTE: Available at https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-
US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-proc-meminfo.html.
[i.5] ETSI GS NFV 003: "Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV); Terminology for Main Concepts in
NFV".
[i.6] IETF RFC 7348: "Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network (VXLAN): A Framework for
Overlaying Virtualized Layer 2 Networks over Layer 3 Networks".
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[i.7] free(1) Linux User Command, published by man7.org.
NOTE: Available at http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/free.1.html.
[i.8] collectd codebase, file "/src/memory.c", published by GitHub, Inc.
NOTE: Available at https://github.com/collectd/collectd/blob/collectd-5.7/src/memory.c#L325.
[i.9] ETSI GS NFV-IFA 003 (V2.4.1): "Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) Release 2;
Acceleration Technologies; vSwitch Benchmarking and Acceleration Specification".
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in ETSI GS NFV 003 [i.5] apply.
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in ETSI GS NFV 003 [i.5] and the following apply:
CPU Central Processing Unit
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
HZ Hertz of the system clock, an operating system parameter
KiB Kibibytes
NFVI Network Function Virtualisation Infrastructure
OS Operating System
RAM Random Access Memory
VIM Virtual Infrastructure Manager
VXLAN Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network
NOTE: IETF RFC 7348 [i.6].
4 Time and Time Intervals for Metrics
Coherent compute domains [i.1] usually need access to a clock with accurate time-of-day (or simply time) and sources
of periodic interrupts. Time sources are accessed to provide timestamps for events and log entries that document the
recent history of the compute environment. Periodic interrupts provide a trigger to increment counters and read current
conditions in the compute and networking environments. The compute domain may contain a very large number of
NFV compute nodes [i.1], and each node needs to execute a process to synchronize its hardware and system clocks to a
source of accurate time-of -day, preferably traceable to an international time standard.
With the foundation of time, date, and periodic interrupts, a measurement system can determine the beginning and end
of time intervals, which is a fundamental aspect of metrics that involve counting and collecting events.
Table 4-1 specifies requirements applicable to time, date, and periodic interrupts.
Table 4-1: Requirements applicable to time, date and periodic interrupts
General-Time-01 Each node in the compute domain shall be able to take readings from (or access) a clock with
accurate time-of-day and calendar date.
General-Time-02 Each node in the compute domain shall have a source of periodic interrupts available which are
derived from the time-of-day clock, with configurable period (a parameter of metrics that use this
feature).
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When the results from measurement systems are collected and reported by management systems, the management
systems may provide an additional time and date reading associated with the operation to collect the results, using their
own time source.
5 Framework for Metric Definitions
The metric definitions in the present document are primarily based on the fact that the resources of the NFVI have
utilization and performance characteristics that can be assessed by measurement processes. The resources may be
implemented in hardware, software (such as virtual resources), or a combination of both. The measurement processes
are primarily implemented in software (such as in the kernel or user space), but may be assisted by features of the
hardware.
The measured NFVI resources and the measurement processes shall be completely specified in the dimensions of model
numbers, firmware versions, software versions, and any other aspects that influence the results (such as physical
location of the components within a datacentre's racks and shelves). For example, the fixed frequency of the physical
CPU clock in Hz, which governs the rate that the CPU executes instructions, is one important descriptor of the NFVI.
Clock Speed may depend on other CPU settings, such as energy-saving power control. For one list of NFVI platform
descriptors, see clause 5.1 of ETSI GS NFV-IFA 003 [i.9].
For each metric it specifies, the present document provides the following elements:
• Background
• Name
• Parameters (input factors)
• Scope of coverage
• Unit(s) of measure
• Definition
• Method of Measurement
• Sources of Error
• Discussion
NOTE: The present document specifies well-known metrics, and assumes that Virtual Infrastructure Managers
(VIM) will control and expose the metrics as specified here, or will be enhanced to collect and convey the
metrics with the required framework elements, which are Name, Parameters, Scope, Units of measure,
and the source of the measurement (where the metric was measured, which may be synonymous with the
Scope).
6 Compute Metrics
6.1 Background
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is an essential component of every coherent compute domain. Each CPU is a
limited resource in terms of the instructions per second it can execute. It is valuable to monitor the utilization of the
CPU resource to fulfil the goals of maintaining continued and efficient operations, and for troubleshooting abnormal
behaviour to find root causes. For many uses, it is helpful to categorize the CPU's execution time into multiple
execution contexts, such as system and user contexts. A compute node may include additional processors beyond the
main CPU; the metrics specified in this clause can also be used to measure and report the usage of such processors.
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VNFs also have a view of CPU resources in terms of execution time they have used during a measurement interval.
However, the configured instantiation of the VNF determines how to map its view of virtual processor resource us
...