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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM);
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS);
Universal Geographical Area Description (GAD)
(3GPP TS 23.032 version 15.1.0 Release 15)
R
GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR
MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
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3GPP TS 23.032 version 15.1.0 Release 15 1 ETSI TS 123 032 V15.1.0 (2018-09)
Reference
RTS/TSGS-0223032vf10
Keywords
GSM,UMTS
ETSI
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ETSI
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3GPP TS 23.032 version 15.1.0 Release 15 2 ETSI TS 123 032 V15.1.0 (2018-09)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
The present document may refer to technical specifications or reports using their 3GPP identities, UMTS identities or
GSM identities. These should be interpreted as being references to the corresponding ETSI deliverables.
The cross reference between GSM, UMTS, 3GPP and ETSI identities can be found under
.
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI
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3GPP TS 23.032 version 15.1.0 Release 15 3 ETSI TS 123 032 V15.1.0 (2018-09)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 2
Foreword . 2
Modal verbs terminology . 2
Foreword . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 6
3.1 Definitions . 6
3.2 Abbreviations . 6
4 Reference system . 7
5 Shapes. 7
5.1 Ellipsoid Point . 7
5.2 Ellipsoid point with uncertainty circle. 8
5.3 Ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse . 8
5.3a High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse . 9
5.4 Polygon . 9
5.5 Ellipsoid Point with Altitude . 10
5.6 Ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid . 10
5.6a High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid . 11
5.7 Ellipsoid Arc . 11
6 Coding . 12
6.1 Point . 12
6.1a High Accuracy Point . 12
6.2 Uncertainty . 12
6.2a High Accuracy Uncertainty . 13
6.3 Altitude . 13
6.3a High Accuracy Altitude . 14
6.4 Uncertainty Altitude . 14
6.5 Confidence . 14
6.6 Radius . 14
6.7 Angle . 15
7 General message format and information elements coding. 15
7.1 Overview . 15
7.2 Type of Shape . 15
7.3 Shape description . 16
7.3.1 Ellipsoid Point . 16
7.3.2 Ellipsoid Point with uncertainty Circle . 17
7.3.3 Ellipsoid Point with uncertainty Ellipse. 18
7.3.3a High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse . 19
7.3.4 Polygon . 20
7.3.5 Ellipsoid Point with Altitude . 21
7.3.6 Ellipsoid Point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid . 22
7.3.6a High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid . 23
7.3.7 Ellipsoid Arc . 24
8 Description of Velocity . 24
8.1 Horizontal Velocity . 24
8.2 Horizontal and Vertical Velocity . 25
8.3 Horizontal Velocity with Uncertainty . 25
8.4 Horizontal and Vertical Velocity with Uncertainty . 25
8.5 Coding Principles . 25
8.6 Coding of Velocity Type . 26
8.7 Coding of Horizontal Speed . 26
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8.8 Coding of Bearing . 26
8.9 Coding of Vertical Speed . 26
8.10 Coding of Vertical Speed Direction . 27
8.11 Coding of Uncertainty Speed . 27
8.12 Coding of Horizontal Velocity . 27
8.13 Coding of Horizontal with Vertical Velocity . 27
8.14 Coding of Horizontal Velocity with Uncertainty . 28
8.15 Coding of Horizontal with Vertical Velocity and Uncertainty . 28
Annex A (informative): Element description in compact notation . 29
Annex B (informative): Change history . 31
History . 32
ETSI
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3GPP TS 23.032 version 15.1.0 Release 15 5 ETSI TS 123 032 V15.1.0 (2018-09)
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
The present document defines an intermediate universal Geographical Area Description within the 3GPP system.
The contents of the present document are subject to continuing work within the TSG and may change following formal
TSG approval. Should the TSG modify the contents of the present document, it will be re-released by the TSG with an
identifying change of release date and an increase in version number as follows:
Version x.y.z
where:
x the first digit:
1 presented to TSG for information;
2 presented to TSG for approval;
3 or greater indicates TSG approved document under change control.
y the second digit is incremented for all changes of substance, i.e. technical enhancements, corrections,
updates, etc.
z the third digit is incremented when editorial only changes have been incorporated in the document.
ETSI
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1 Scope
The present document defines an intermediate universal Geographical Area Description which subscriber applications,
GSM or UMTS services can use and the network can convert into an equivalent radio coverage map.
For GSM or UMTS services which involve the use of an "area", it can be assumed that in the majority of cases the
Service Requester will be forbidden access to data on the radio coverage map of a particular PLMN and that the Service
Requester will not have direct access to network entities (e.g. BSC/BTS or RNC/Node B).
The interpretation by the PLMN operator of the geographical area in terms of cells actually used, cells that are partly
within the given area and all other technical and quality of service aspects are out of the scope of the present document.
This specification also provides a description of velocity that may be associated with a universal Geographical Area
Description when both are applied to a common entity at a common time.
2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
- References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or
non-specific.
- For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
- For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to a 3GPP document (including
a GSM document), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that document in the same
Release as the present document.
[1] GSM 01.04: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Abbreviations and
acronyms".
[2] GSM 04.07: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Mobile radio interface
signalling layer 3 General aspects".
[3] Military Standard WGS84 Metric MIL-STD-2401 (11 January 1994): "Military Standard
Department of Defence World Geodetic System (WGS)".
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following definitions apply.
Service Requester: Entity, which uses the Geographical Area Description in any protocol to inform the network about
a defined area.
Target: Entity whose precise geographic position is to be described.
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in GSM 01.04 [1] and the following apply.
GAD Geographical Area Description
GPS Global Positioning System
WGS World Geodetic System
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4 Reference system
The reference system chosen for the coding of locations is the World Geodetic System 1984, (WGS 84), which is also
used by the Global Positioning System, (GPS). The origin of the WGS 84 co-ordinate system is the geometric centre of
the WGS 84 ellipsoid. The ellipsoid is constructed by the rotation of an ellipse around the minor axis which is oriented
in the North-South direction. The rotation axis is the polar axis of the ellipsoid, and the plane orthogonal to it and
including the centre of symmetry is the equatorial plane.
The relevant dimensions are as follows:
Major Axis (a) = 6378137 m
Minor Axis (b) = 6356752,314 m
2 2
a − b
First eccentricity of the ellipsoid = = 0,0066943800668
2
b
Co-ordinates are then expressed in terms of longitude and latitude relevant to this ellipsoid. The range of longitude
is -180° to +180°, and the range of latitude is -90° to +90°. 0° longitude corresponds to the Greenwich Meridian, and
positive angles are to the East, while negative angles are to the West. 0° latitude corresponds to the equator, and positive
angles are to the North, while negative angles are to the South. Altitudes are defined as the distance between the
ellipsoid and the point, along a line orthogonal to the ellipsoid.
5 Shapes
The intention is to incorporate a number of different shapes, that can be chosen according to need.
- Ellipsoid Point;
- Ellipsoid point with uncertainty circle;
- Ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse;
- Polygon;
- Ellipsoid point with altitude;
- Ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid;
- Ellipsoid Arc;
- High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse;
- High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid.
Each shape is discussed individually.
5.1 Ellipsoid Point
The description of an ellipsoid point is that of a point on the surface of the ellipsoid, and consists of a latitude and a
longitude. In practice, such a description can be used to refer to a point on Earth's surface, or close to Earth's surface,
with the same longitude and latitude. No provision is made in this version of the standard to give the height of a point.
Figure 1 illustrates a point on the surface of the ellipsoid and its co-ordinates.
The latitude is the angle between the equatorial plane and the perpendicular to the plane tangent to the ellipsoid surface
at the point. Positive latitudes correspond to the North hemisphere. The longitude is the angle between the half-plane
determined by the Greenwich meridian and the half-plane defined by the point and the polar axis, measured Eastward.
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Figure 1: Description of a Point as two co-ordinates
5.2 Ellipsoid point with uncertainty circle
The "ellipsoid point with uncertainty circle" is characterised by the co-ordinates of an ellipsoid point (the origin) and a
distance r. It describes formally the set of points on the ellipsoid which are at a distance from the origin less than or
equal to r, the distance being the geodesic distance over the ellipsoid, i.e., the minimum length of a path staying on the
ellipsoid and joining the two points, as shown in figure 2.
As for the ellipsoid point, this can be used to indicate points on the Earth surface, or near the Earth surface, of same
latitude and longitude.
The typical use of this shape is to indicate a point when its position is known only with a limited accuracy.
Figure 2: Description of an uncertainty Circle
5.3 Ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse
The "ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse" is characterised by the co-ordinates of an ellipsoid point (the origin),
distances r1 and r2 and an angle of orientation A. It describes formally the set of points on the ellipsoid which fall
o
within or on the boundary of an ellipse with semi-major axis of length r1 oriented at angle A (0 to 180 ) measured
clockwise from north and semi-minor axis of length r2, the distances being the geodesic distance over the ellipsoid, i.e.,
the minimum length of a path staying on the ellipsoid and joining the two points, as shown in figure 2a.
As for the ellipsoid point, this can be used to indicate points on the Earth's surface, or near the Earth's surface, of same
latitude and longitude. The confidence level with which the position of a target entity is included within this set of
points is also included with this shape.
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The typical use of this shape is to indicate a point when its position is known only with a limited accuracy, but the
geometrical contributions to uncertainty can be quantified.
North
angle, A
semi-major
axis, r1
semi-minor
axis, r2
Figure 2a: Description of an uncertainty Ellipse
5.3a High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse
The "high accuracy ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse" is characterised by the co-ordinates of an ellipsoid point
(the origin), distances r1 and r2 and an angle of orientation A, as described in clause 5.3. Compared to the "ellipsoid
point with uncertainty ellipse", the "high accuracy ellipsoid point with uncertainty ellipse" provides finer resolution for
the co-ordinates, and distances r1 and r2.
5.4 Polygon
A polygon is an arbitrary shape described by an ordered series of points (in the example pictured in the drawing, A
to E). The minimum number of points allowed is 3, and the maximum number of points allowed is 15. The points shall
be connected in the order that they are given. A connecting line is defined as the line over the ellipsoid joining the two
points and of minimum distance (geodesic). The last point is connected to the first. The list of points shall respect a
number of conditions:
- a connecting line shall not cross another connecting line;
- two successive points must not be diametrically opposed on the ellipsoid.
The described area is situated to the right of the lines with the downward direction being toward the Earth's centre and
the forward direction being from a point to the next.
NOTE: This definition does not permit connecting lines greater than roughly 20 000 km. If such a need arises, the
polygon can be described by adding an intermediate point.
Computation of geodesic lines is not simple. Approximations leading to a maximum distance between the computed
line and the geodesic line of less than 3 metres are acceptable.
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C
B
E
A
D
Figure 3: Description of a Polygon
5.5 Ellipsoid Point with Altitude
The description of an ellipsoid point with altitude is that of a point at a specified distance above or below a point on the
earth's surface. This is defined by an ellipsoid point with the given longitude and latitude and the altitude above or
below the ellipsoid point. Figure 3a illustrates the altitude aspect of this description.
Point with negative altitude
Altitude
Point with positive altitude
Altitude
Figure 3a: Description of an Ellipsoid Point with Altitude
5.6 Ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid
The "ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid" is characterised by the co-ordinates of an ellipsoid point
with altitude, distances r1 (the "semi-major uncertainty"), r2 (the "semi-minor uncertainty") and r3 (the "vertical
uncertainty") and an angle of orientation A (the "angle of the major axis"). It describes formally the set of points which
fall within or on the surface of a general (three dimensional) ellipsoid centred on an ellipsoid point with altitude whose
real semi-major, semi-mean and semi-minor axis are some permutation of r1, r2, r3 with r1 ≥ r2. The r3 axis is aligned
vertically, while the r1 axis, which is the semi-major axis of the ellipse in a horizontal plane that bisects the ellipsoid, is
oriented at an angle A (0 to 180 degrees) measured clockwise from north, as illustrated in Figure 3b.
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vertical
r3
N
r1 A
r2
ellipsoid point
with altitude
Figure 3b: Description of an Ellipsoid Point with Altitude and Uncertainty Ellipsoid
The typical use of this shape is to indicate a point when its horizontal position and altitude are known only with a
limited accuracy, but the geometrical contributions to uncertainty can be quantified. The confidence level with which
the position of a target entity is included within the shape is also included.
5.6a High Accuracy Ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty
ellipsoid
The "high accuracy ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid" is characterised by the co-ordinates of an
ellipsoid point with altitude, distances r1 (the "semi-major uncertainty"), r2 (the "semi-minor uncertainty") and r3 (the
"vertical uncertainty") and an angle of orientation A (the "angle of the major axis"), as described in clause 5.6.
Compared to the "ellipsoid point with altitude and uncertainty ellipsoid", the "high accuracy ellipsoid point with altitude
and uncertainty ellipsoid" provides finer resolution for the co-ordinates, and distances r1, r2, and r3.
5.7 Ellipsoid Arc
An ellipsoid arc is a shape characterised by the co-ordinates of an ellipsoid point o (the origin), inner radius r1,
uncertainty radius r2, both radii being geodesic distances over the surface of the ellipsoid, the offset angle (θ) between
the first defining radius of the ellipsoid arc and North, and the included angle (β) being the angle between the first and
second defining radii. The offset angle is within the range of 0° to 359,999…° while the included angle is within the
range from 0,000…1° to 360°. This is to be able to describe a full circle, 0° to 360°.
This shape-definition can also be used to describe a sector (inner radius equal to zero), a circle (included angle equal to
360°) and other circular shaped areas. The confidence level with which the position of a target entity is included within
the shape is also included.
North
Point (o) θ
β
r1
r2
Figure 3c: Description of an Ellipsoid Arc
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6 Coding
6.1 Point
The co-ordinates of an ellipsoid point are coded with an uncertainty of less than 3 metres.
23
The latitude is coded with 24 bits: 1 bit of sign and a number between 0 and 2 -1 coded in binary on 23 bits.
...