|
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Environmental Engineering (EE);
Metrics and Measurement Method for Energy Efficiency of
Wireless Access Network Equipment;
Part 2: Energy Efficiency - dynamic measurement method
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 ETSI TS 102 706-2 V1.5.1 (2018-11)
Reference
RTS/EE-EEPS13
Keywords
energy efficiency, LTE
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from:
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the
print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© ETSI 2018.
All rights reserved.
TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS and the ETSI logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.
TM TM
3GPP and LTE are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
oneM2M™ logo is a trademark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the oneM2M Partners.
GSM and the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
3 ETSI TS 102 706-2 V1.5.1 (2018-11)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references. . 7
3 Definition of terms and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Terms . 7
3.2 Abbreviations . 8
4 Assessment method . 9
5 Reference configurations and Measurement requirements . 9
5.1 Reference configurations . 9
5.2 Measurement and test equipment requirements . 10
5.3 BS Configuration . 11
5.4 Transmit Signal and RF output power . 11
5.5 UE Emulator requirements and settings . 11
5.6 Environmental conditions . 12
5.7 Power supply . 12
6 Energy Efficiency Performance . 12
6.1 Energy Efficiency Performance KPI Definition . 12
6.2 Energy Efficiency Performance Measurement . 13
6.2.1 Measurement Lab Setup . 13
6.2.2 UE Distribution . 13
6.2.3 Data Traffic Model . 14
6.2.4 Measurement Time Definition . 15
6.2.5 Low traffic model . 15
6.2.6 Medium traffic model . 15
6.2.7 Busy-hour traffic model . 15
6.2.8 Data Volume Measurement . 15
6.2.9 Power and Energy Consumption Measurement . 16
6.2.10 Energy Consumption measurement . 16
6.2.11 Base Station Energy Efficiency KPI . 17
6.2.12 UE quality of service KPI . 17
7 Uncertainty . 17
8 Measurement report . 17
Annex A (normative): Test Reports . 18
A.1 General information to be reported . 18
A.2 Base Station Energy Performance report . 19
Annex B (normative): Reference parameters for LTE system . 20
Annex C (normative): Data Traffic Model . 21
C.1 Data Traffic Model . 21
C.2 Measured data for BS Energy Performance KPI calculation . 22
Annex D (normative): Uncertainty assessment . 23
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
4 ETSI TS 102 706-2 V1.5.1 (2018-11)
D.1 General requirements . 23
D.2 Components contributing to uncertainty . 23
D.2.1 Contribution of the measurement system . 23
D.2.2 Measurement equipment (dynamic) . 24
D.2.3 Attenuators, cables (dynamic) . 24
D.2.4 UE emulator (dynamic) . 24
D.3 Contribution of physical parameters . 24
D.3.1 Impact of environmental parameters (dynamic) . 24
D.3.2 Impact of path loss(dynamic) . 24
D.3.3 Data volume (dynamic) . 25
D.3.4 Variance of device under test . 25
D.4 Uncertainty assessment . 25
D.4.1 Combined and expanded uncertainties . 25
D.4.2 Cross correlation of uncertainty factors . 25
D.4.3 Maximum expanded uncertainty . 26
Annex E (informative): Bibliography . 27
History . 28
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
5 ETSI TS 102 706-2 V1.5.1 (2018-11)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Environmental Engineering (EE).
The present document is part 2 of a multi-part deliverable covering Metrics and Measurement Method for Energy
Efficiency of Wireless Access Network Equipment, as identified below:
ETSI ES 202 706-1: "Power Consumption - Static Measurement Method";
ETSI TS 102 706-2: "Energy Efficiency - dynamic measurement method".
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Energy efficiency is one of the critical factors of the modern telecommunication systems. The energy consumption of
the access network is the dominating part of the wireless telecom network energy consumption. Therefore, the core
network and the service network are not considered in the present document. In a radio access network, the energy
consumption of the Base Station is dominating (depending on technology often also referred to as BTS, NodeB,
eNodeB, etc. and in the present document denoted as BS). The energy consumption of Radio Network Control nodes
(RNC or BSC) are covered in ETSI ES 201 554 [6].
The present document defines the dynamic measurement method for evaluation energy efficiency:
• BS efficiency under dynamic load conditions: the BS capacity under dynamic traffic load provided within a
defined coverage area and the corresponding energy consumption is measured for given reference
configurations.
ETSI ES 202 706-1 [i.6] defines daily average power consumption of the base station.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
6 ETSI TS 102 706-2 V1.5.1 (2018-11)
1 Scope
The present document covers the following radio access technology:
• LTE.
The methodology described in the present document is to measure base station dynamic energy efficiency. Within the
present document, it is referred to dynamic measurement.
The results based on dynamic measurements of the BS provide energy efficiency information for BS with dynamic
load.
Energy consumption of terminal (end-user) equipment is outside the scope of the present document however, how a
user equipment (UE) affects a base station energy performance will be considered for further study.
The scope of the present document is not to define target values for the power consumption nor the energy efficiency of
equipment.
The results should only be used to assess and compare the energy efficiency of base stations.
Wide Area Base Stations are covered in this version of the present document.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI TS 125 104: " Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Base Station (BS)
radio transmission and reception (FDD) (3GPP TS 25 104)".
[2] ETSI EN 300 132-1: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) equipment; Part 1: Operated by Alternating
Current (AC) source".
[3] ETSI EN 300 132-2: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to
telecommunications and datacom (ICT) equipment; Part 2: Operated by -48 V direct current (dc)".
[4] ETSI TS 136 211: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical
channels and modulation (3GPP TS 36.211)".
[5] ETSI TS 136 104: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base Station
(BS) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36.104)".
[6] ETSI ES 201 554: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement method for Energy efficiency
of Mobile Core network and Radio Access Control equipment".
[7] ETSI EN 300 132-3: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to
telecommunications equipment; Part 3: Operated by rectified current source, alternating current
source or direct current source up to 400 V".
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
7 ETSI TS 102 706-2 V1.5.1 (2018-11)
[8] 3GPP TR 36 873: "3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group radio
Access Network; Study on 3D channel model for LTE".
[9] ETSI TS 136 141: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base Station
(BS) conformance testing (3GPP TS 36.141)".
2.2 Informative references.
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] IEC/ISO Guide 98-3: "Evaluation of measurement data - Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement", (2008 or equivalent GUM:2008/JCGM 100:2008).
NOTE: Available at http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/documents/jcgm/JCGM_100_2008_E.pdf.
[i.2] ETSI TS 145 005: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Radio transmission
and reception (3GPP TS 45.005)".
[i.3] ISO/IEC 17025: "General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories".
[i.4] IEC 62018: "Power consumption of information technology equipment - Measurement methods".
NOTE: Equivalent to CENELEC EN 62018.
[i.5] ETSI TS 102 706 (V1.2.1): "Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement Method for Energy
Efficiency of Wireless Access Network Equipment".
[i.6] ETSI ES 202 706-1: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Metrics and measurement method for
energy efficiencyof wireless access network equipment; Part 1: Power Consumption - Static
Measurement Method".
3 Definition of terms and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply:
Base Station (BS): radio access network component which serves one or more radio cells and interfaces the user
terminal (through air interface) and a wireless network infrastructure
BS test control unit: unit which can be used to control and manage BS locally in a lab
busy hour load: period during which occurs the maximum total load in a given 24-hour period
distributed BS: BS architecture which contains remote radio heads (i.e. RRH) close to antenna element and a central
element connecting BS to network infrastructure
efficiency: throughout the present document the term efficiency is used as the relation between the useful output
(telecom service, etc.) and energy consumption of the BS
integrated BS: BS architecture in which all BS elements are located close to each other; for example, in one single
cabinet
NOTE: The integrated BS architecture may include Tower Mount Amplifier (TMA) close to antenna.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
8 ETSI TS 102 706-2 V1.5.1 (2018-11)
low load: lowest generated traffic during the dynamic measurement period
medium load: medium load between the lowest and buy hour load generate during the dynamic measurement period
power saving feature: software/hardware feature in a BS which contributes to decrease power consumption
static measurement: power consumption measurement performed with different radio resource configurations with
pre-defined and fixed load levels
UE group: group of UEs whose path losses to the BS are identical
Wide Area Base stations: Base Stations that are characterized by requirements derived from Macro Cell scenarios with
a BS to UE minimum coupling loss equals to 70 dB and having a rated output power (PRAT) above 38 dBm, where the
Rated output power, PRAT, of the BS is the mean power level per carrier for BS operating in single carrier,
multi-carrier, or carrier aggregation configurations that the manufacturer has declared to be available at the antenna
connector during the transmitter ON period according to 3GPP standardization, ETSI TS 136 104 [5] and ETSI
TS 125 104 [1]
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AC Alternating Current
BS Base Station
BSC Base Station Controller
BTS Base Transceiver Station
BW Bandwidth
CPICH Common PIlot CHannel
DC Direct Current
DL DownLink
DUT Device Under Test
EC Energy for Central part
EPRE Emitted Power per Resource Element
ERRH Energy for Remote Radio Part
GSM Global System for Mobile communication
GUM Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
HSPA High Speed Packet Access
HW HardWare
JCGM Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology
KPI Key Performance Indicator
LTE Long Term Evolution
MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
PBCH Packet Broadcast Control Channel
PC Power for Central part
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control CHannel
PDF Proportional Distribution Function
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared CHannel
PSS Primary Synchronizing Signal
REG Resource Element Group
RF Radio Frequency
RNC Radio Network Controller
RRH Remote Radio Head
RS Reference Signals
RX Receiver
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SIMO Single Input Multiple Output
SSS Secondary Synchronizing Signal
SW SoftWare
TMA Tower Mount Amplifier
TX Transmitter
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
9 ETSI TS 102 706-2 V1.5.1 (2018-11)
UE User Equipment
UL UpLink
4 Assessment method
The assessment method is covering the BS equipment dynamic efficiency for which the present document defines
reference BS equipment configurations and reference load levels to be used when measuring BS efficiency.
The assessment procedure contains the following tasks:
1) Identification of equipment under test:
1.1 Identify BS basic parameters (Table A.1).
1.2 List BS configuration (annexes A and B).
1.3 List traffic load(s) for measurements (annex C).
1.4 List of used power saving features and capacity enhancement features.
2) Efficiency measurement under dynamic load conditions, Measure BS equipment delivered task in terms of bits
and the consumed energy under required conditions (see clause 6).
3) Collect and report the efficiency measurement results.
5 Reference configurations and Measurement
requirements
5.1 Reference configurations
Reference configurations are defined for LTE in annex B.
These configurations include integrated and distributed BS, mast head amplifiers, remote radio heads, RF feeder cables,
number of carriers, number of sectors, power range per sector, frequency range, diversity, MIMO.
The BS shall be tested with its intended commercially available configuration at temperatures defined in clause 5.6
"Environmental conditions". It shall be clearly reported in the measurement report if the BS cannot be operated without
additional air-conditioning at the defined temperatures.
Appropriate transmission e.g. a transport function or other providing capacity corresponding to the BS capacity, shall be
included in the BS configuration during testing. The configurations include:
1) UL diversity (this is a standard feature in all BS. Therefore, it is considered sufficient that the test is performed
on the main RX antenna only. The diversity RX shall be active during the measurement without connection to
the test signal).
2) DL diversity (not considered in HSPA. LTE: Transmission mode 3 "Open loop spatial multiplexing" shall be
according to ETSI TS 136 211 [4] (2×2 DL MIMO)).
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
10 ETSI TS 102 706-2 V1.5.1 (2018-11)
Figure 1: Integrated BS model
Figure 2: Distributed BS model
5.2 Measurement and test equipment requirements
The measurement of the power consumption shall be performed by either measuring the power supply voltage and true
effective current in parallel and calculate the resulting power consumption (applicable only for DC) or with a wattmeter
(applicable for both AC and DC). The measurements can be performed by a variety of measurement equipment,
including power clamps, or power supplies with in-built power measurement capability.
All measurement equipment shall be calibrated and shall have data output interface to allow long term data recording
and calculation of the complete power consumption over a dedicated time.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
11 ETSI TS 102 706-2 V1.5.1 (2018-11)
The measurement equipment shall comply with following attributes:
• Input power:
- Resolution: ≤ 10 mA; ≤ 100 mV; ≤ 100 mW.
- DC current: ±1 %.
- DC voltage: ±1 %.
- AC power: ±1 %.
An available current crest factor of 5 or more.
The test instrument shall have a bandwidth of at least 1 kHz.
NOTE: Additional information on accuracy can be found in IEC 62018 [i.4].
• RF output power accuracy: ±0,4 dB.
5.3 BS Configuration
The BS shall be tested under normal test conditions according to the information accompanying the equipment. The BS,
test configuration and mode of operation (baseband, control and RF part of the BS as well as the software and firmware)
shall represent the normal intended use and shall be recorded in the test report.
The BS shall be tested with its typical configuration. In case of multiple configurations, a configuration with 3 sectors
shall be used.
EXAMPLE: A typical wide area BS configuration consists of three sectors and shall therefore be tested in a
three-sector configuration. If a BS is designed for dual or single sector applications, it shall be
tested in its designed configuration.
The connection to the simulator via the BS controller interface shall be an electrical or optical cable-based interface
(e.g. PCM, SDH, and Ethernet) which is commercially offered along with the applied BS configuration.
Additional power consuming features like battery loading shall be switched off.
The used power saving features and SW version shall be listed in the measurement report.
The measurement report shall mention the configuration of the BS for example the type of RF signal combining
(antenna network combining, air combining or multi-carrier).
5.4 Transmit Signal and RF output power
The maximum RF transmit power that the base station under test is capable of shall be reported.
The base station under test shall control the RF transmit signal to fulfil the traffic profiles as listed in annexes A and B.
The power amplifier(s) of the BS shall support the same crest factor (peak to average ratio) and back-off as applied in
the commercial product.
All relevant requirements from 3GPP specifications for the LTE air-interface shall be fulfilled.
5.5 UE Emulator requirements and settings
UE power consumption is not considered in the present document. However, UE category and performance has a
significant impact on the base station energy efficiency. To assess energy efficiency of the BS, the UE capabilities
represented by the UE emulator shall be used as following:
• The UE emulator shall provide the total capacity (number of simultaneous UEs as defined in annex C, max
data rate, etc.) to load the BS per test specifications
...