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HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
standard for radio equipment and services;
Part 31: Specific conditions for equipment
in the 9 kHz to 315 kHz band for
Ultra Low Power Active Medical Implants (ULP-AMI)
and related peripheral devices (ULP-AMI-P);
Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements
of article 3.1(b) of Directive 2014/53/EU
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2 ETSI EN 301 489-31 V2.2.1 (2019-04)
Reference
REN/ERM-EMC-376
Keywords
EMC, harmonised standard, LF, radio, regulation,
short range
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3 ETSI EN 301 489-31 V2.2.1 (2019-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Definitions . 7
3.2 Symbols . 7
3.3 Abbreviations . 8
4 Test conditions . 8
4.1 General . 8
4.2 Arrangements for test signals . 8
4.2.0 General . 8
4.2.1 Arrangements for test signals at the input of transmitters . 8
4.2.2 Arrangements for test signals at the RF output of transmitters . 9
4.2.2.1 General . 9
4.2.2.2 ULP-AMI transmitters . 9
4.2.2.3 ULP-AMI-P transmitters . 9
4.2.3 Arrangements for test signals at the RF input of receivers . 9
4.2.4 Arrangements for test signals at the output of receivers . 9
4.2.5 Arrangements for testing transmitter and receiver together (as a system: ULP-AMI together with an
associated ULP-AMI-P) . 9
4.3 RF exclusion band of radio equipment . 10
4.3.0 General . 10
4.3.1 Exclusion bands for receiver . 10
4.3.2 Exclusion band for transmitters . 10
4.4 Narrow band responses of receivers or receivers which are part of transceivers . 10
4.5 Normal test modulation . 10
5 Performance assessment . 10
5.1 General . 10
5.2 Equipment which can provide a continuous communication link . 11
5.3 Equipment which does not provide a continuous communication link . 11
5.4 Ancillary equipment . 11
5.5 Equipment classification . 11
6 Performance criteria . 11
6.1 Classification of ULP-AMI and ULP-AMI-P . 11
6.2 General performance criteria . 12
6.3 Performance criteria and table . 12
6.4 Performance criteria for continuous phenomena applied to transmitters . 13
6.5 Performance criteria for transient phenomena applied to transmitters . 13
6.6 Performance criteria for continuous phenomena applied to receivers . 14
6.7 Performance criteria for transient phenomena applied to receivers . 14
7 Applicability overview . 14
7.1 EMC emission . 14
7.1.1 General . 14
7.1.2 Special conditions . 14
7.2 Immunity . 14
7.2.1 General . 14
7.2.2 Special conditions . 15
ETSI
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4 ETSI EN 301 489-31 V2.2.1 (2019-04)
Annex A (informative): Relationship between the present document and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU . 18
Annex B (informative): Test fixture for ULP-AMI (Simulated man) . 20
Annex C (informative): Simultaneous testing of ULP-AMI/ULP-AMI-P and parts covered by
AIMD . 22
Annex D (informative): Change History . 23
History . 24
ETSI
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5 ETSI EN 301 489-31 V2.2.1 (2019-04)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic
compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
The present document has been prepared under the Commission's standardisation request C(2015) 5376 final [i.4] to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU on the harmonisation
of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing
Directive 1999/5/EC [i.1].
Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with
the normative clauses of the present document given in table A.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of the present
document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that Directive and associated
EFTA regulations.
The present document is part 31 of a multi-part deliverable. Full details of the entire series can be found in part 1 [1].
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 20 June 2017
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 July 2019
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 January 2020
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 January 2021
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI
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6 ETSI EN 301 489-31 V2.2.1 (2019-04)
1 Scope
The present document together with ETSI EN 301 489-1 [1] covers the assessment of all radio transceivers associated
with inductive Ultra Low Power Active Medical Implant (ULP-AMI) transmitters and receivers operating in the range
from 9 kHz to 315 kHz and any associated external radio apparatus (ULP-AMI-Ps) transmitting in the frequency range
of 9 kHz to 315 kHz including external programmers and patient related telecommunication devices in respect of
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC). Non-radio parts of the above equipment may be covered by other directives
and/or standards when applicable.
Technical specifications related to the antenna port and emissions from the enclosure port of the radio systems of these
devices are not included in the present document. Such technical specifications are found in the relevant product
standards for the effective use of the radio spectrum.
The present document specifies the applicable test conditions, performance assessment, and performance criteria for
assessment of the radio communications link for ULP-AMI and ULP-AMI-Ps.
In case of differences (for instance concerning special conditions, definitions, abbreviations) between the present
document and ETSI EN 301 489-1 [1], the provisions of the present document take precedence.
The environmental classification and the emission and immunity requirements used in the present document are as
stated in the ETSI EN 301 489-1 [1], except for any special conditions included in the present document.
The present document, together with ETSI EN 301 489-1 [1], contains requirements to demonstrate an adequate level of
electromagnetic compatibility as set out in Directive 2014/53/EU [i.1].
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are specific, identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number. Only the cited
version applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 301 489-1 (V2.2.0) (03-2017): "ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for
radio equipment and services; Part 1: Common technical requirements; Harmonised Standard
covering the essential requirements of article 3.1(b) of Directive 2014/53/EU and the essential
requirements of article 6 of Directive 2014/30/EU".
[2] ETSI EN 302 195 (V2.1.1) (06-2016): "Short Range Devices (SRD); Ultra Low Power Active
Medical Implants (ULP-AMI) and accessories (ULP-AMI-P) operating in the frequency range
9 kHz to 315 kHz Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the
Directive 2014/53/EU".
[3] CENELEC EN 61000-4-5 (2014): "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-5: Testing and
measurement techniques - Surge immunity test".
ETSI
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7 ETSI EN 301 489-31 V2.2.1 (2019-04)
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
[i.2] Camelia Gabriel: "Compilation of the dielectric properties of body tissues at RF and Microwave
Frequencies", Physics Department, Kings College, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
[i.3] Void.
[i.4] Commission Implementing Decision C(2015) 5376 final of 4.8.2015 on a standardisation request
to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation and to the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute as regards radio equipment in support of Directive
2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council.
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in ETSI EN 301 489-1 [1], ETSI
EN 302 195 [2], Directive 2014/53/EU [i.1] and the following apply, unless otherwise ascribed herein:
emission bandwidth: bandwidth between two points that are 20 dB down on either side of the frequency with the
maximum level in the modulation envelope
environmental profile: range of environmental conditions under which equipment within the scope of the present
document is required to comply with the provisions of the present document
H-field test antenna: electrically screened loop or equivalent antenna, with which the magnetic component of the field
can be measured
life supporting equipment: equipment or system that includes at least one function that is intended to actively keep
alive or resuscitate patients and the failure of which is likely to lead to serious injury or death of a patient
non-radio part: those portions of a device not used for communication via electromagnetic waves
radio part: that portion of a device used for communication via electromagnetic waves
Ultra Low Power Active Medical Implant (ULP-AMI): radio part of an active medical implant
Ultra Low Power Active Medical Implant Peripheral device (ULP-AMI-P): radio part of equipment outside the
human body, including body worn devices and monitors, used to program and/or control or receive data from an
ULP-AMI
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the symbols given in ETSI EN 301 489-1 [1], ETSI EN 302 195 [2] and
Directive 2014/53/EU [i.1] apply.
ETSI
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8 ETSI EN 301 489-31 V2.2.1 (2019-04)
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in ETSI EN 301 489-1 [1], ETSI EN 302 195 [2],
Directive 2014/53/EU [i.1] and the following apply, unless otherwise ascribed herein:
AC Alternating Current
AIMD Active Implantable Medical Device
AMI Active Medical Implant
DC Direct Current
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
EUT Equipment Under Test
ISM Industria, Scientific and Medical
RF Radio Frequency
ULP-AMI Ultra Low Power-Active Medical Implant
ULP-AMI-P Ultra Low Power-Active Medical Implant Peripheral device
4 Test conditions
4.1 General
For the purposes of the present document, the test conditions of ETSI EN 301 489-1 [1], clause 4 shall apply as
appropriate. Further product related test conditions for equipment covered by the scope of the present document are
specified herein.
For emission and immunity tests the normal test modulation, test arrangements, etc., as specified in the present
document, clauses 4.1 to 4.5 shall apply.
Whenever the Equipment Under Test (EUT) is provided with a detachable antenna, the EUT shall be tested with the
antenna fitted in a manner typical of normal intended use, unless otherwise specified. If the EUT can be used with
several types of antenna the test shall be repeated for each type of antenna.
Active Medical Implant inductive devices are designed to be implanted within a human body. These radio systems are
isolated from disturbances by the surrounding body tissue. In order to adequately assess the EMC characteristics of
active medical implants devices as they are intended to be used, the use of a simulated man is permitted. See annex B
for additional details. The provisions of annex B are intended to provide an operational environment that simulates, to
the extent possible, actual usage conditions for internal implanted devices. It may be necessary to use this or another
appropriate special fixture when making emission measurements and immunity tests with radiated RF fields.
4.2 Arrangements for test signals
4.2.0 General
The provisions of the ETSI EN 301 489-1 [1], clause 4.2 shall apply.
4.2.1 Arrangements for test signals at the input of transmitters
The provisions of the ETSI EN 301 489-1 [1], clause 4.2.1 shall apply with the following modifications:
• The transmitter shall be modulated with normal test modulation as specified for that type of equipment
(clause 4.5). Where transmitters do not have a modulation input port, the internal equipment modulation shall
be used.
ETSI
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9 ETSI EN 301 489-31 V2.2.1 (2019-04)
4.2.2 Arrangements for test signals at the RF output of transmitters
4.2.2.1 General
The provisions of the ETSI EN 301 489-1 [1], clause 4.2.2 shall apply with the following modification:
• The manufacturer may provide a suitable companion receiver or another device that can be used to set up a
communications link and/or to receive messages.
4.2.2.2 ULP-AMI transmitters
For ULP-AMI transmitters the test fixture described in annex B may be used.
The manufacturer shall provide a suitable receiver or alternate technique that can be used to monitor the medical
implant communications link.
4.2.2.3 ULP-AMI-P transmitters
The provisions of the ETSI EN 301 489-1 [1], clause 4.2.2 shall apply with the following modifications:
• ULP-AMI-Ps are designed to be used external to a human body;
• the manufacturer shall provide a suitable receiver or alternate technique that can be used to monitor the
medical implant communications link.
4.2.3 Arrangements for test signals at the RF input of receivers
The provisions of ETSI EN 301 489-1 [1], clause 4.2.3 shall apply with the following modifications:
• the wanted RF input signal, coupled to the receiver, shall be modulated with normal test modulation as
specified for that type of equipment (clause 4.5);
• the level of the wanted RF input signal shall be sufficiently above the threshold sensitivity level to provide
reliable communication of the receiver, but in all cases it shall be below the overload characteristics of the
receiver;
• the manufacturer shall provide a suitable transmitter that can be used to set up the medical implant
communications link if needed.
4.2.4 Arrangements for test signals at the output of receivers
The provisions of ETSI EN 301 489-1 [1], clause 4.2.4 shall apply with the following modification, if appropriate:
If direct access to the receiver output of the ULP-AMI and associated ULP-AMI-P is not possible, then the
manufacturer shall provide the method by which the receiver's functionality can be monitored during the immunity
tests.
4.2.5 Arrangements for testing transmitter and receiver together
(as a system: ULP-AMI together with an associated ULP-AMI-P)
The provisions of ETSI EN 301 489-1 [1], clause 4.2.5 shall apply with the following modification:
• The transmitter of an ULP-AMI and the receiver of an associated ULP-AMI-P or the receiver of an ULP-AMI
and the transmitter of an associated ULP-AMI-P may be tested together, if appropriate and agreed by the
manufacturer and the test laboratory (size of devices, etc.).
In this case both EUTs shall be located in their respective test environment and exposed simultaneously to the EMC
phenomena.
ETSI
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10 ETSI EN 301 489-31 V2.2.1 (2019-04)
4.3 RF exclusion band of radio equipment
4.3.0 General
The emission measurement and immunity test exclusions are referred to as "exclusion bands" and are defined in the
clauses 4.3.1 and 4.3.2.
The frequency, on which the EUT is intended to operate, shall be excluded from conducted and radiated RF immunity
tests.
The frequency on which the transmitter part of the EUT is intended to operate shall be excluded from emission
measurements when performed in transmit mode of operation.
During emission measurements, a frequency exclusion band does not apply for the receiver part of ULP-AMIs and/or
associated ULP-AMI-Ps.
4.3.1 Exclusion bands for receiver
No measurements for conducted and radiated RF immunity test shall be performed below 315 kHz.
Table 1: Void
4.3.2 Exclusion band for transmitters
For wide band transmitters, i.e. transmitters in a non-channelized frequency band, the exclusion band is twice the
intended operating frequency band (i.e. 315 kHz or less) centred on the centre frequency of the intended operating
frequency band.
In case the receiver and transmitter are tested together as a system (see clause 4.2.5) the exclusion band defined for
receiver or the exclusion band defined for transmitters shall be used, whichever is greater.
4.4 Narrow band responses of receivers or receivers which are
part of transceivers
The provision of ETSI EN 301 489-1 [1], clause 4.4 shall apply.
4.5 Normal test modulation
The RF carrier shall be modulated with a test signal that produces specific selective messages or commands as stated by
the manufacturer, representing a practical selection of usable selective messages/commands. The manufacturer shall
declare the format of the modulation signal and any error detection and correction involved. Where transmitters do not
have a modulation input port, the internal equipment modulation is used.
5 Performance assessment
5.1 General
The provision of ETSI EN 301 489-1 [1], clause 5.1 shall apply.
The manufacturer shall at the time of submission of the device(s) for test, supply the necessary general information as
requested in ETSI EN 301 489-1 [1], clause 5.1. Additionally he shall supply the following product-related information:
• the class of the device selected by the manufacturer according to table 2 (see clause 6.1).
The performance assessment is dependent on whether the type of device is an ULP-AMI or an ULP-AMI-P.
ETSI
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11 ETSI EN 301 489-31 V2.2.1 (2019-04)
For both types of devices the performance assessment is based on:
• the maintenance of function(s);
• the way an eventual loss of function(s) can be recovered;
• the unintentional behaviour of the EUT.
For both types of devices it shall be possible to assess the performance by monitoring the intended functions before,
during and after the tests.
5.2 Equipment which can provide a continuous communication
link
The provisions of ETSI EN 301 489-1 [1], clause 5.2 shall apply.
5.3 Equipment which does not provide a continuous
communication link
The provisions of ETSI EN 301 489-1 [1], clause 5.3 shall apply.
5.4 Ancillary equipment
The provisions of ETSI EN 301 489-1 [1], clause 5.4 are
...