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oSIST prEN 1366-9:2005
01-februar-2005
Preskusi požarne odpornosti servisnih napeljav - 9. del: Kanali za odvod dima iz
enega požarnega sektorja
Fire resistance tests for service installations - Part 9: Single compartment smoke
extraction ducts
Feuerwiderstandsprüfungen für Installationen - Teil 9: Entrauchungsleitungen für eine
Raumeinheit
Essais de résistance au feu des installations de service - Partie 9 : Conduits d'extraction
de fummée relatifs a un seul compartiment
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1366-9
ICS:
13.220.50 Požarna odpornost Fire-resistance of building
gradbenih materialov in materials and elements
elementov
91.060.40 Dimniki, jaški, kanali Chimneys, shafts, ducts
oSIST prEN 1366-9:2005 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 1366-9:2005
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oSIST prEN 1366-9:2005
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 1366-9
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2004
ICS
English version
Fire resistance tests for service installations - Part 9: Single
compartment smoke extraction ducts
Essais de résistance au feu des installations de service - Feuerwiderstandsprüfungen für Installationen - Teil 9:
Partie 9 : Conduits d'extraction de fummée relatifs à un Entrauchungsleitungen für eine Raumeinheit
seul compartiment
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 127.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1366-9:2004: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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prEN 1366-9:2004 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword. 3
1 Scope. 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions. 5
4 Test equipment. 6
5 Test conditions. 9
6 Test specimen . 9
7 Installation of test specimen. 10
8 Conditioning . 11
9 Application of instrumentation. 11
10 Test procedure . 12
11 Performance criteria . 15
12 Test report . 15
13 Direct field of application of test results . 16
Annex A (informative) Surface temperature and volume/mass flow measurements . 28
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Foreword
This document (prEN 1366-9:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 127 "Fire
safety in buildings", the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
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Introduction
This part of this European standard has been prepared because a method of test for smoke extraction
ducts used in single compartment applications has become necessary. This test exposes a smoke
extraction duct to conditions intended to represent the pre-flashover stage of a fire.
Leakage is measured at both ambient temperature and exposure at 600 °C. During the tests,
air/gases are drawn through the duct at a differential pressure between the inside and outside of the
duct. Leakage is determined at ambient temperature by sealing the openings in the duct located in the
furnace and taking flow measurements through a flow measuring device located just before the
extraction fan. With respect to determining leakage at 600 °C, oxygen-measuring techniques are used.
CAUTION — The attention of all persons concerned with managing and carrying out this fire
resistance test is drawn to the fact that fire testing may be hazardous and that there is a possibility
that toxic and/or harmful smoke and gases may be evolved during the test. Mechanical and
operational hazards may also arise during the construction of the test elements or structures, their
testing and disposal of test residues.
An assessment of all potential hazards and risks to health shall be made and safety precautions shall
be identified and provided. Written safety instructions shall be issued. Appropriate training shall be
given to relevant personnel. Laboratory personnel shall ensure that they follow written safety
instructions at all times.
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1 Scope
This method of EN 1366 specifies a test method for determining the fire resistance of smoke
extraction ducts that are used for single compartment applications only. In such applications, the
smoke extraction system is only intended to function up to flashover (typically 600 °C). The smoke
extraction duct is part of the smoke extraction system which also includes smoke control dampers and
smoke extract fans.
This test method of part 9 is applicable only to smoke extraction ducts that do not pass through into
other fire compartments. It represents fire exposure of a developing fire (pre-flashover).
For smoke extraction ducts that pass through into other compartments, the method of test described
in EN 1366-8 should be used.
This test has been designed to cover horizontal smoke extraction ducts intended for single
compartment applications only.
This method of test is only suitable for ducts constructed from non-combustible materials (euro
class A1).
It is applicable only to four sided ducts and two and three sided ducts are not covered.
The method described in this test is complex and requires sophisticated instrumentation. It is not
recommended therefore to try to test multiple assemblies in this test.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1363-1, Fire resistance tests — Part 1: General principles
EN 1366-1, Fire resistance tests for service installations — Part 1: Fire resisting ducts
EN 1366-8, Fire resistance tests for service installations — Part 8: Smoke extraction ducts
EN 1507, Ventilation for buildings — Ductwork — Rectangular sheet metal air ducts strengthened
leakage — requirements and testing
ISO 516,7, Measurement of fluid flow by means of orifice plates, nozzles and venturi tubes inserted in
circular cross-section conduits running full
ISO 5221, Air distribution and air diffusion — Rules to methods of measuring air flow rate in an air
handling duct
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 1363-1
and ISO 13943 and the following apply.
3.1
single compartment smoke extraction duct
a duct used for the extraction of smoke up to a temperature of 600 °C from a single compartment to
outside a building without passing through another compartment.
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3.2
smoke extraction duct for single compartments
a duct needed for the distribution or extraction of air or smoke
3.3
suspension devices
the components used for suspending and fixing a duct from a floor or supporting a duct from a wall
3.4
supporting construction
the wall or partition through which the duct passes in the test
3.5
fire zone
fire area of a single compartment building bounded by smoke curtains
3.6
smoke curtain
vertical barrier designed to contain hot gas layer to fire zone
4 Test equipment
4.1 General
In addition to the test equipment specified in EN 1363-1, the following is required.
4.2 Furnace
This shall be capable of subjecting fire resisting smoke extraction ducts to the heating and pressure
conditions specified in this standard and be suitable for testing ducts in the horizontal orientation
(Figure 1).
4.3 Perforated plate
The perforated plate controls the flow through the duct so that the required differential pressure, see
Table 1, can be achieved. Depending on the end-use conditions, a pressure level from Table 1 shall
be selected: These levels correspond to typical values used in smoke extraction design.
The plate shall be positioned 250 ± 50 mm from where the duct passes through the furnace wall
(see Figures 1 and 2).
These plates shall be made from heat resisting steel, 19 % min. Cr content and 11 % min. Ni content.
The number of holes and dimensions are given in Tables 2 and 3. The thickness of the plates shall be
2,5 mm.
NOTE 1 Table 2 gives details of perforated plates for standard rectangular ducts of size 1000 mm x 250 mm.
For smaller sizes, the number of holes will be reduced proportional to the smaller cross-section.
NOTE 2 Table 3 gives details of perforated plates for standard circular ducts of diameter 560 mm. For smaller
sizes, the number of holes will be reduced proportional to the cross-section (a change to larger sizes is not
accepted; see 6.1.2 and Table 5).
Further details of the plate are shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5.
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Table 1 — Differential pressures between inside and outside the duct for smoke extraction
ductwork
Pressure Level*) Operating differential pressure at Differential pressure for the
ambient temperature fire test and pre-test calibration
Pa Pa
1 -500 -150
2 -1000 -300
3 -1500 -500
Table 2 — Details of perforated plates for testing rectangular ducts (see Figure 3)
Pressure level*)
Specification for perforations
1 2 3
Total number of holes 550 407 324
Number of holes - horizontally 50 37 36
Number of holes - vertically 11 11 9
Diameter of hole (mm) 10 10 10
Horizontal distance from rim e (mm) 15 15 20
Vertical distance from rim c (mm) 15 15 20
Mounting hole separation a (mm) 19,8 26,9 27,4
Mounting hole separation b (mm) 21,8 22 26,3
Table 3 — Details of perforated plate for testing circular ducts (see Figure 4)
a)
Pressure level
Specification for perforations
1 2 3
Total number of holes 541 403 319
Diameter of hole (mm) 10 10 10
Horizontal distance from rim e (mm) 30 35 35
Mounting hole separation a (mm) 20,8 22,2 27,5
Mounting hole separation b (mm) 20,8 22,2 27,5
a)
see clause 5
4.4 Inlet nozzles (fire test)
Each nozzle shall have an internal dimension of 160 mm (see Figure 10, suitable for the standard size
of duct specified in 6.1) in accordance with ISO 5167/ISO 5221 and shall be suitably mounted to the
end of the duct with its piezometric ring connected to appropriate differential pressure measuring
equipment. The measuring device shall be capable of measuring to an accuracy of ± 5 %.
4.5 Ambient leakage measuring device
These shall be in accordance with ISO 5167/ISO 5221 and suitably mounted to the end of the duct,
connected to appropriate differential pressure measuring equipment. The measuring device shall be
capable of measuring to an accuracy of ± 5 %.
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4.6 Pressure sensors for differential pressure control
A tube sensor as specified in EN 1363-1 shall be located at the end of the duct, inside the duct, at the
level of its centre line. A second sensor (e.g. an open end of a measuring tube) shall be located on
the same level outside the duct differential pressure fine control device.
A flow control damper shall be provided for a fine control for maintaining the required differential
pressure. Alternatively, another suitable device such as a variable speed fan may be used. Any flow
control damper shall be attached to the extract fan connecting duct (see 4.8).
4.7 Welded connecting tube
A welded connecting tube is a tube designed to provide a suitable gas tight connection between the
inlet nozzles and the oxygen measuring probes.
4.8 Extract fan connecting duct
An extract fan connecting duct is a duct designed to connect between the test specimen and the
extraction fan. An inlet opening may be provided if a flow control damper is used for fine control of the
differential pressure (see 4.6).
4.9 Extraction fan
An extraction fan is a fan for extracting gas under test with a suction capacity of at least 2 x V where
n
3
V is the required capacity e.g. for a stated cross-section of 1 m x 0,25 m, V = 0,5 m /s.
n n
The characteristic curves of the fan shall be horizontal for the actual airflow. The capacity of the fan
shall not change by more than 10 % in the event of a drop in the pressure of up to 50 Pa.
4.10 Thermocouples
1,5 mm sheathed thermocouples shall be provided for measuring the gas temperature adjacent to the
nozzles. An alternative thermocouple may be used, provided it can be shown to have equivalent
response time.
4.11 Oxygen measuring equipment
Equipment for measuring the oxygen content of gases shall be provided. This system shall consist of
paramagnetic cell oxygen analysers together with appropriate equipment for cooling, filtering and
drying the gases. Appropriate connecting tubes and probes shall be provided. The 90 % response
time of the complete system shall be 20 s maximum. The accuracy shall be better than ± 0,1 %.
4.12 Restraint equipment
Restraining equipment shall be applied as for duct B in EN 1366-1.
4.13 Observation window
An observation window shall be provided between the two nozzles and a suitable method of viewing
from a safe distance be provided (a mirror arrangement may be found suitable).
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5 Test conditions
5.1 Differential pressure conditions
Depending on the end-use conditions, a pressure selected from Table 4 shall be selected: These
levels correspond to typical values used in smoke extraction design.
Table 4 — Differential pressures between inside and outside the duct for smoke extraction
ductwork
Pressure Level Operating differential pressure at Differential pressure
ambient temperature for the fire test
Pa
Pa
1 -500 -150
2 -1 000 -300
3 -1 500 -500
5.2 Heating conditions
The heating conditions and the furnace atmosphere shall conform to those specified in EN 1363-1 (or,
if applicable, EN 1363-2) until 600 °C is reached. This mean temperature shall be reached between 5
to 10 minutes from igniting the first furnace burner. After 10 minutes this temperature shall be
maintained between +70, -0 °C for the rest of the test.
The furnace pressure shall be controlled to (15 ± 3) Pa throughout the test at the mid-height position
of the ducts in the furnace.
Details of test conditions within the duct during the test are given in clause 10.
6 Test specimen
6.1 Size
6.1.1 Length
The minimum lengths of the parts of the test specimen inside and outside the furnace shall be as
given in Table 5 (see also Figure 1).
Table 5 — Minimum length of test specimen
Minimum length (m)
Orientation
Inside furnace Outside furnace
a)
Horizontal 3,0 4,2
a)
see clause 7.4.
6.1.2 Cross-section
The sizes of duct given in Table 6 shall be tested unless smaller cross-sections are required for
specific applications.
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Table 6 — Cross-section of test specimen
Rectangular Circular
Width (mm) Height (mm) Diameter (mm)
1000 250 560
6.2 Number
One test specimen shall be tested for each type of installation to be evaluated.
6.3 Design
The test shall be made on a test specimen representative of the complete duct. Each type of duct
requires a different approach and an attempt shall be made to reproduce the edge conditions and the
method of fixing or support inside and outside the furnace representative of that used in practice. The
distance between hangers or supports shall be representative. Where compensators are used in
practice, than they shall be incorporated in the test specimen. In this case, the compensator shall be
located outside the furnace, approximately 500 mm from the perforated plate.
7 Installation of test specimen
7.1 General
The test specimen shall be installed, as far as possible, in a manner representative of its use in
practice.
The fire-stopping at the penetration through the supporting construction shall be sufficient to prevent
leakage of furnace gases.
Parts of the ducts within the furnace shall be exposed to fire from all sides over their whole length.
7.2 Standard supporting construction
A standard supporting construction shall be selected from the specifications detailed in EN 1366-1.
Where the duct passes through an opening in the furnace wall, the opening shall be of sufficient
dimensions to allow for the supporting construction to surround all faces of the duct by at least
200 mm.
To ensure that leaking furnace gas does not occur, it is important that the supporting construction and
furnace roof is well sealed where it contacts the furnace wall.
7.3 Duct arrangement
7.3.1 A single duct may be tested in the furnace, or alternatively, two or more ducts may be tested
in the same furnace, provided that there is sufficient space to do so, in accordance with the
dimensions shown in Figure 1.
7.3.2 Ducts shall be arranged as shown in figure 1. The end of the ducts within the furnace shall be
closed independently of any furnace enclosure by materials and construction similar to the remainder
of the duct.
7.3.3 The test arrangement shall include at least one joint or flange connection inside the furnace
and at least one joint or flange connection outside it. Any stiffeners used to maintain the cross-section
of the duct shall be arranged at the positions and centres specified by the sponsor. The distance
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between joint and hangers shall not be less than intended in practice. If the minimum distance has not
been specified, hangers shall be arranged so that the joint at mid-span lies midway between them.
Centres of the hangers should be specified by the manufacturer and shall be representative of
practice.
7.3.4 Two openings shall be provided, one on each vertical side of the duct inside the furnace. The
openings shall be positioned (500 ± 25) mm from the furnace wall. Each opening shall have the same
breadth/height ratio as the cross-section of the duct and have a total opening area of 50 % of the
cross-sectional area of the duct. For circular ducts the total opening may be square or circular. (Each
opening will have an area of (25 ± 5) % of the cross-sectional area of the duct.)
7.3.5 There shall be a clearance of (500 ± 50) mm between the top of the duct and the ceiling and
at least 500 mm between the underside of the duct and the floor. Similarly, there shall be a clearance
of at least 500 mm between the sides of the duct and furnace walls.
7.4 Restraint of ducts
Inside the furnace, the duct will be fully restrained in all directions at the furnace wall or floor remote
from the penetration point (see Figure 1). Where there is a possibility of the furnace wall moving, then
the fixings shall be made to be independent of the furnace structure. The outside of the duct shall be
restrained as shown in EN 1366-1.
7.5 Perforated plate
The perforated plate shall be located (250 ± 50) mm from the external face of the supporting
construction. Provision shall be made for the plate to be removed, if necessary during the pre-test
calibration described in 10.1.
8 Conditioning
8.1 General
Conditioning of the test construction shall be in accordance with EN 1363-1.
9 Application of instrumentation
9.1 Thermocouples
9.1.1 Furnace thermocouples (plate thermometers)
Plate thermometers shall be provided in accordance with EN 1363-1 and shall be positioned as
shown in Figures 8 and 9. Side A of the plate thermometers shall face the wall of the furnace that is
parallel to the longer side of the duct.
9.1.2 Gas temperature adjacent to nozzles
The gas temperature adjacent to the nozzles shall be measured with the thermocouples arranged
pointing downwards to allow for draining moisture with its measuring junction located at the centre line
of each nozzle and at a distance equal to twice the diameter of the measuring duct downstream from
the entrance to the flow measuring device. An alternative thermocouple may be used provided it can
be shown to have equivalent response time.
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9.2 Pressure
For measurement of the differential pressure between the inside and outside the duct, the pressure
probe shall be located horizontally at the end of the duct in the level of centre line of the inlet nozzles
as shown in Figures 5 and 6.
9.3 Oxygen measurements
Oxygen measurements are made using a sensor manufactured from stainless steel tube, having
approximate dimensions 6 mm outside diameter and 5 mm internal diameter, shall be located inside
the duct 100 mm upstream from the perforated plate on the centre line of the duct. A second sensor
shall be located after the nozzles at a distance of 100 mm on the centre line of the connecting box
(see Figures 5 and 6 for details). Each sensor is connected by suitable pipework to its own single
oxygen-measuring instrument.
9.4 Observations on reduction of cross-section
To facilitate this, an observation window shall be located between the two nozzles.
10 Test procedure
10.1 Pre-test calibration
10.1.1 Oxygen-measuring instrument
Calibrate the measuring instrument just prior to the fire test.
10.1.2 Perforated plate
Switch on the extract fan. Check that both the required differential pressure and air velocity of 3 m/s
are obtained under ambient conditions. Ensure the air velocity is within ± 15 % and the differential
pressure is within ± 3 %. However, if these values cannot be achieved, switch off the fan, remove the
perforated plate and as appropriate, drill additional holes or seal some holes using screws. Replace
the perforated plate and repeat the procedure until the required values have been achieved.
NOTE The initial check on the perforated plate should be undertaken on a duct section provided for the
purpose and not the test specimen where the removal of the plate may create problems.
10.2 Leakage measurement at ambient temperature
10.2.1 Seal the two openings in the duct that are located inside the furnace.
10.2.2 Switch on the extract fan, making any fine adjustments so that the differential pressure
reading is within ± 3 % of the prescribed value given in table 1 throughout the time over which the
leakage measurements are taken.
NOTE The pressure level may be selected by the sponsor, alternatively it is possible to progressively work
up from pressure level 1 to pressure level 3, subject to compliance with 11.2.
10.2.3 Switch on measuring equipment related to the ambient leakage measuring device.
10.2.4 After stable conditions are achieved, for a period of not less than five minutes measure and
record the pressure differential through to the ambient leakage measuring device at the selected
pressure level. Where information is required on leakage at other pressure levels, repeat the
procedure described in 10.1.2 to 10.2.4. Calculate the airflow in accordance with ISO 5167/ISO 5221.
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10.2.5 Switch off measuring equipment and the extraction fan.
10.2.6 Remove sealing from openings.
10.3 Fire test
10.3.1 Extraction fan
Switch on the extraction fan and make any adjustments to the damper or fan to maintain the
differential pressure at the selected pressure level given in Table 5.
10.3.2 Ignition of furnace
Ignite the furnace and switch on all measuring equipment.
10.3.3 Furnace conditions
Throughout the test, maintain the furnace conditions to comply with the requirements of clause 5 of
this standard. Make any adjustments necessary to maintain the differential pressure readings inside
the duct to within ± 3 % of the appropriate value given in the third column of table 1 after 5 min of the
start of the test.
10.3.4 Temperatures and pressures
Record all temperatures and pressures at the intervals specified in EN 1363-1.
10.3.5 Oxygen measurements
After the first minutes of the test, start recording the oxygen measurement, readings being taken at
the furnace location and then at the nozzle location.
10.3.6 General observations
Take observations on the general behaviour of the duct throughout the test, in particular observe for
collapse of any part of the duct inside and outside of the furnace that would effect the liability of
function for the purpose for which it is intended.
10.3.7 Reduction of cross-section
Throughout the test, take measurements around the top and bottom outside surface and both sides of
the duct outside the furnace to determine any reduction in cross-section of the duct.
These measurements shall be taken at three locations outside the furnace between the perforated
plate and the end of the duct. Supplement these measurements by observations. As soon as possible
after the end of the fire test, remove sufficient of the apparatus to allow the inside of the tested duct to
be examined so that any reduction in cross-section can be verified.
10.3.8 Leakage calculations
Using the values recorded, calculate the leakage from the O measurements as follows:
2
C ×m ×()c −c
f G2 G2 G1
m =
L
21−c
G1
where
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m is the leakage mass flow (kg/s)
L
m is the mass flow at point G near inlet nozzles (kg/s)
G2 2
c is the oxygen content of first sensor (vol-%)
G1
c is the oxygen content of second sensor (vol-%)
G2
C the correction factor, is determined as follows:
f
0,79×L + 1,85×C
min
C =
f
0,79×L + 1,85×C +()21−c × 0,529×H
min G2
where
C is the carbon content in fuel (kg/kg fuel)
H is the hydrogen content in fuel (kg/kg fuel)
S is the sulphur content in fuel (kg/kg fuel)
3
L is the minimum stoichiometrical air needed (m /kg fuel) at standard temperature and pressure
min
L is determined as follows:
min
L = 8,88×C + 26,44×H + 3,33×S
min
where
V shall be used to determine compliance with the leakage criteria stated in 11.3 and is calculated
L
as:
m
L
V =
L
ρ
where
3
V is the leakage volume flow (m /s)
L
3
ρ is the density of dry air at 20 °C/1013 hPa (= 1,2 kg/m )
10.3.9 Termination of test
The test may be terminated
a) at the request of the sponsor;
b) at end of classification period (or if a serious failure occurs);
c) when criteria is exceeded leakage (but this may need to be calculated after the test); if duct insi
...