The telegraph greatly accelerated the circulation of news and was one of the important inventions of industrial society. Early telegraphs could only communicate on land. Later, submarine cables were used to carry out transoceanic services.
By the beginning of the 20th century, radio telegraphs began to be used, and telegraph services could basically reach most areas on the earth. Telegraph is mainly used to transmit text messages. The transmission using telegraph technology is called fax.
Extended information:
1. Communication methods
Before the invention of the telegraph, the main methods of long-distance communication included: courier, carrier pigeon, carrier dog, and Feng Yan and so on. Courier delivery is a relay of letters sent to the destination by dedicated personnel on horses or other means of transportation. Establishing a reliable and fast delivery system requires a very high cost. First, a good road network must be established, and then suitable delivery station facilities must be equipped.
It is even more unfeasible in areas with inconvenient transportation. The reliability of communication using homing pigeons is very low and is limited by weather and paths. Another type of communication method is to use signals visible to the naked eye, such as beacons, semaphores, light signals, etc., to relay messages through relay methods.
This method is also costly and easily affected by weather and terrain. Before the invention of the telegraph, only the most important messages were transmitted, and at a speed that would be unbearably slow from today's perspective.
2. Military use
1. The Civil War that broke out in the United States from 1861 to 1865 was the first time in the world that telegraph was used for military purposes. In addition to using Morse code to conduct military operations, both warring parties In addition to communicating among themselves, they also cooperated with the newspaper industry to spread battlefield news.
2. During the Sino-French War in 1884, the French army invaded Taiwan. Liu Mingchuan, the governor of Taiwan and commander of the Qing army, also made good use of the telegraph built during the Ding Richang period to report the war in Taiwan to the Qing court.
3. During the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Japanese intercepted telegrams sent back to Beijing by Li Hongzhang and learned the Qing court's information on the indemnity and peace.
4. During the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, Japan established a telegraph listening station in Taiwan and learned that the Russian Baltic Fleet was sailing through the Taiwan Strait to aid the war zones in Port Arthur and Tsushima waters, which made Japan successful. Destroy the Russian fleet.
5. During World War II, the Germans developed the Enigma cipher transmitter, which temporarily left the Allies helpless. However, it was finally deciphered by the Allies' more advanced cipher machines and was destroyed. In the Battle of the Atlantic, the German U-boat fleet commanded by telegraph communications was annihilated.
6. During the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party also reused telegram encoding/decoding personnel, but the People's Liberation Army not only used telegram interceptionIn addition to listening to the intelligence of the national army, and at the same time cooperating with the infiltration personnel behind enemy lines and the support of the people to gain an advantage; see also "The Listener".
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The plot of Listening to the Wind Baidu Video Playback
“My house was flooded and the house was damaged. It was washed away. Dad was washed away and has not yet returned." From the sketch "Expedited Telegram".
1. The original words are "There was a flood in my house, the house was washed away, and my father was washed away. He has not returned yet. I hope my son will return soon."
2. "Urgent Telegram" Author: Zhao Songbai; Performers: Zhao Liang, Guo Donglin.
3. Overview:
This sketch tells the story of a soldier in the military camp who sent a fake telegram because he was homesick. The company commander discovered the low-level mistake in signing the telegram, and the company commander learned that the soldier’s home was home. After being hit by a disaster, he went to take care of the soldier's house while he was home to visit relatives. Finally, he learned that his wife had given birth to a baby weighing eight pounds and he was extremely surprised.
Military Use of Telegraph
The Civil War that broke out in the United States from 1861 to 1865 was the first time in the world that telegraph was used for military purposes. In addition to communicating between troops, Sri Lankan code also cooperated with the newspaper industry to spread battlefield news.
In the Sino-French War in 1884, the French army invaded Taiwan. Liu Mingchuan, the governor of Taiwan and commander of the Qing army, also made good use of the telegraph built during the Ding Richang period to report the war in Taiwan to the Qing court.
During the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Japanese intercepted telegrams sent back to Beijing by Li Hongzhang and learned the Qing court's information on the indemnity and peace.
During the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, Japan established a telegraph listening station in Taiwan. It learned that Tsarist Russia’s Baltic Fleet was sailing through the Taiwan Strait to aid the war zones in Port Arthur and Tsushima waters, and Japan successfully annihilated Tsarist Russia in one fell swoop. fleet.
During World War II, the Germans developed the Enigma cipher transmitter, which temporarily left the Allies helpless. However, it was finally deciphered by the Allies' more advanced cipher machines and was used in the Atlantic Ocean. In the naval battle, the German U-boat fleet commanded by telegraph communication was annihilated.
During the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party also reused telegram encoding/decoding personnel. However, the People's Liberation Army not only used telegrams to intercept national military intelligence, but also cooperated with the operation of infiltration personnel behind enemy lines and people's support to gain an advantage; see also **"The Listener of the Wind". ?
Reference for the above information? Baidu Encyclopedia - Telegram
Unit 701 is a mysterious unit set up to monitor enemy radio stations. Special interceptor Zhang Xuening, code-named 200, was ordered to go Shanghai brought back the famous piano tuner Luo San'er, but unexpectedly met Luo San'er's follower He Bing. He Bing was blind, but his hearing was extremely sensitive. Zhang Xuening believed that He Bing was exactly the talent the army needed, so he took He Bing back to force. He Bing relied on his wisdom and hearing to learn Morse code, telegraph and other interception techniques, and successfully helped Unit 701 eavesdrop onOne hundred and twenty enemy radio stations, He Bing and Zhang Xuening also gradually fell in love. However, as an agent, Zhang Xuening could not be affectionate, so he had to be cruel and told He Bing openly and secretly that he did not want to have too much contact with him. He Bing was heartbroken and met Shen Jing, the 701 interceptor, while walking in the fields. Shen Jing's father is from the Kuomintang, so she has no friends and has always been a loner. He Bing and Shen Jing became good friends after knowing each other many times.
The boss asked Zhang Xuening to go to Shanghai to complete the task. Zhang Xuening said goodbye to He Bing and set off immediately. There was no news for half a year. During this period, He Bing and Shen Jing finally got married. Zhang Xuening came back on the wedding night and told He Bing and his wife that he had contacted an American doctor who could cure He Bing's eyes. With Zhang Xuening's help, He Bing's eyes were cured
He Bing listens The arrival of 120 enemy radio stations gave Unit 701 a lot of gains. However, the Kuomintang had a very powerful agent, codenamed "Chongqing". In order to eliminate "Chongqing", the superiors asked Zhang Xuening to go to Shanghai to use Shanghai Public Relations Zhang Xuening went to Shanghai again, and He Bing listened to telegrams in the army. , but found that his hearing was not as good as before. He used to be able to monitor the enemy's five high-level radio stations, but now he could not hear them. The angry He Bing had to pick up the headset, close his eyes, and listen carefully to barely hear it.
In Shanghai, the former Luo San'er recognized Zhang Xuening and conveyed the news to five enemy agents. The enemy agents sent a telegram saying, 'The old ghost has appeared and the battle will be fought quickly. ’ was monitored by He Bing. Because ‘Old Ghost’ and ‘Chongqing’ were too similar, He Bing mistook ‘Old Ghost’ as ‘Chongqing’. At the same time, Zhang Xuening did not know that his identity had been discovered. Five agents forced Zhang Xuening in the house and stabbed him to death together. Zhang Xuening understood that in fact, there was not only one person in Chongqing, but the codename of five people.
< p> Zhang Xuening died. Captain Shen Jing, He Bing, and other staff members were very sad. He Bing knew that Zhang Xuening’s death was indirectly caused by his problems. He was so angry and guilty that he blinded himself and devoted himself to In the listening business, He Bing, who lost his eyesight, regained his previous hearing and finally listened to 5 high-level radio stations and successfully defeated 'Chongqing'. However, Zhang Xuening never came back...