There are two types of microphone capsules: one is: dynamic coil type, and the other is: condenser type.
A brief comparison of dynamic microphones and condenser microphone capsules
Comparison items dynamic microphones and condenser microphones
Design principles
< p>Using the principle of electromagnetic power generation, the voice coil is mounted on the vibrating membrane, and then placed between the magnetic field of the magnet, and the sound induced by the vibrating membrane is indirectly converted into electrical energy signals through the voice coil.Using the principle of capacitor charging and discharging, the sound pressure induced by the ultra-thin vibrating membrane directly changes the voltage between the electrodes and converts it into an electrical energy signal.
Diaphragm
Because the diaphragm must carry a voice coil that is more than a hundred times heavier than itself, it cannot be used too thin and light, so the total weight of the diaphragm is more than a thousand times greater than that of the capacitive type.
Using an ultra-light and thin diaphragm with a thickness of less than one-tenth that of a moving coil type and a total weight of less than one-thousandth of that of a moving coil type, it directly senses sound pressure and exhibits extremely superior physical properties.
Voice coil
Use a voice coil loaded on the diaphragm to convert the induced sound pressure into an electrical energy signal. No need for a voice coil at all.
Signal output
Output directly from the voice coil or through a coupling transformer. Coupled output by field strength transistor (FET) or vacuum tube.
Frequency response
Due to the thick diaphragm and voice coil, the high range cannot be extended; because the impedance of the voice coil and the conversion efficiency of the magnetic field attenuate as the frequency decreases, the low range response It also deteriorated accordingly.
Because the ultra-thin diaphragm directly senses sound pressure and converts it into electrical energy signals, the frequency response can extend from ultra-low frequencies to ultrasonic waves.
Sensitivity
Due to the thickness of the diaphragm and the limit of the voice coil, it is slow to respond to weak sounds and has low sensitivity in converting electrical energy.
The diaphragm is extremely thin and light, and has no load on the voice coil. It is very sensitive to extremely weak sounds and has high sensitivity in converting electrical energy.
Touch noise
Due to the thick diaphragm and voice coil, it is difficult to overcome touch noise, seriously affecting the normal sound quality.
The diaphragm is extremely thin and light, and has excellent characteristics in eliminating touch noise.
Sturdy and resistant to falling
The sound head is large and heavy. The failure rate of accidentally bumping or falling to the ground is high, and it cannot be repaired.
The capsule is made of lightweight material, weighing only a few tenths of that of a moving coil type, and the failure rate if dropped to the ground is extremely low.
Volume and weight
The disadvantages of large size and heavy weight. It has the advantages of ultra-small size and light weight.
No bias required
Needs inter-electrode voltage and coupling circuit power supply
Instant response characteristics
The sound of the diaphragm and load The total weight is more than a thousand times larger than that of the capacitive type, and its response to sound pressure is slow, like the starting and braking dynamics of a fully loaded truck.The operation is slow and the instantaneous response time is long.
Because the diaphragm is extremely thin and light, it responds quickly to sound pressure, just like an unladen sports car. It has flexible starting and braking movements and a fast instantaneous response time.
Tone
Due to the slow instantaneous response characteristics, the timbre is softer and hazy, which makes the singing sound like a hazy scenery under a layer of mist, showing the original sound. The resolution is softer and the tone is softer.
Due to the fast instantaneous response characteristics and extremely clear and bright timbre, capable singers choose condenser microphones to showcase their naturally beautiful voices and make their singing sounds as if they are under the sun. The scenery is ordinary, the display is clear and bright, and the high-resolution, sharp and beautiful sound is intoxicating.
Application
It is more suitable for use in outdoor environments such as rock music and vocal singing and where the background noise is loud and the sound is louder.
In addition to being suitable for vocal singing in various occasions, the application of voice amplification can also achieve the clearest and most powerful voice effect without "box sound"; especially when recording percussion instruments or music with higher frequencies. For high-pitched orchestral instruments and in concert halls, theaters, recording studios or places where the best sound quality is required with low background noise, condenser microphones are best suited.
In electric fans, moving coil speakers, moving coil microphones and generators, there are ______ that use the principle of electromagnetic induction; there are ______ that use magnetic fields to energize conductors
Professional singers will have their own unique microphones, so how are the microphones often used by singers made? Let’s take a look. There are three steps in making a microphone.
First, workers layered and aligned three golden grids, and then welded them together. A stamping machine presses these grids into concave shapes. The grid is then cut in half by the blade. They will be used to make protective grilles for microphones. Workers apply solder paste into the grooves of the copper ring, and then embed the formed grid into the copper ring. Then, on a rotating machine, the copper ring is heated, and the tin inside melts and welds the ring and grid together.
Second, next, a drill opens enough ventilation holes in the brass disc, and another tool smoothes its surface. This piece of brass will serve as a shield for the microphone. Workers then attach the shield to the microphone. This plastic film is coated with a layer of real gold to facilitate surface guidance. A wire is then installed on this layer of real gold. When the components are fixed, the excess plastic film can be removed. Next, workers combine two of these components into a device, the core element of the microphone that converts sound into electrical signals.
Third, there will be an aluminum gasket connecting the two components to each other. Workers then attached a brass support piece to the electronic system and tightened it with screws. When the switch was installed, he inserted the core device into the protective grille and tightened it, and thenConnect the protective grille to the electronic system and secure the microphone body with a large nut. Next, start the sound test. The microphone is fed into a special room and a computer measures its response to audio from different directions. If everything meets the requirements, then all you have to do is buy it and take it home. At this point, the microphone production process has been completed.
(1) The main component of the electric fan is the motor, which is a machine that rotates when it is powered by electricity. The electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy;
(2) The moving coil speaker is Converting electrical signals into acoustic signals is also the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy;
(3) The dynamic microphone is a machine that converts acoustic signals into electrical signals, and mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy;
(4) A generator is a machine that can generate electric current due to motion, and it also converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
According to the understanding of the principles of the two magnetic phenomena, it can be seen that the premise of the electromagnetic induction phenomenon is motion, and the result is the generation of electric current, and the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy; the premise of the effect of the magnetic field on the energized conductor is the energization, and the result is Produce force and convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.
So the answer is: dynamic microphone, generator; dynamic speaker, electric fan.