The so-called “agricultural and photovoltaic complementarity” is a new development model that uses solar energy on rooftops to generate agricultural production inside greenhouses.
1. Agricultural photovoltaic supplementation makes it possible to produce clean energy through the construction of rooftop photovoltaic projects, which are ultimately integrated into the national grid. At the same time, photovoltaic technology is organically combined with modern physical agriculture within the project. shed to develop modern and efficient agriculture, which has both unlimited power generation capacity without pollution and without additional land occupation, it can realize three-dimensional value-added use of land and achieve a win-win situation for photovoltaic development and agricultural production. .
2. Mode: Photovoltaic power generation is generatedoutside the shed and vegetables are grown inside the shed. In addition to the energy generated for use inside the hangar, the rest is integrated into the public electricity grid and benefits. subsidies from the national new energy production policy.
3. Several models and the advantages they bring:
Photovoltaic agricultural greenhouses for warm counter-seasons in winter
a. Objective: Mainly planted in the off-season. Fruits and vegetables require good thermal insulation effect in winter
b. Structure: The first rear wall is made of an earth wall to facilitate thermal insulation, the roof is made of a steel structure and solar panels and translucent glass are used instead of the commonly used plastic films.
c. Installation example: Solar modules are usually installed on the back of the roof, in three vertical rows, 100 meters long from east to en west, and 10 meters wide from the north. south, and the light transmittance of the planting area is more than 80%
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d Income: The roof covering an area of 1,000 square meters can install 75 kilowatt modules at a given moment. 30 degree angle, generating 90,000 hours of electricity per year. The total investment in the greenhouse and power generation system is around 800,000 yuan. The annual income from electricity generation is 108,000 yuan, and the net agricultural income is 80,000 yuan. The two annual income can reach 188,000 yuan.
Low light photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse
a. Purpose: to grow mushrooms and other low-light crops with low lighting requirements and high thermal insulation requirements
b. . Structure: The roof uses a steel structure and uses solar panels instead of commonly used plastic films.read. As this type of greenhouse does not require light transmission, all solar modules are generally installed
c. Installation example: The greenhouse is 100 meters from east to west, 10 meters wide from north to south, and covers an area of 1,000 square meters. Modules can be installed on the roof. With 800 pieces of 250W components, the overall installed photovoltaic capacity of a greenhouse is 200 kilowatts, with an angle of 30 degrees, and can generate 240,000 kilowatt hours of electricity. annual
d. Income: The total investment in greenhouses and power generation system is 1.8 million yuan, and the annual power generation income is 288,000 yuan, the net agricultural income is 100,000 yuan and the two incomes can reach 388,000 yuan per year.
Photovoltaic agricultural greenhouse
a. Purpose: Livestock breeding, which is a steel structure multi-span greenhouse modeler. This photovoltaic greenhouse model can maximize the use of land resources. The roof of the greenhouse is completely covered with solar modules and livestock breeding is carried out under the greenhouse.
b. Installation example: The greenhouse as a whole is composed of several units with a width of 8 meters from north to south and a length of 8 meters from east to west (the cleaning channel is 50 cm wide) . Three rows of components can be installed vertically on the sunny side of the greenhouse at a 30 degree angle. Each unit can install 24 250 W modules, totaling 6 kW/unit. Each 30 acres can produce one megawatt and generate 1.2 million kilowatt hours of electricity per year.
c. Income: The total investment in the 1MW shed and power generation system is 9.5 million yuan. The annual income from electricity generation is 1.44 million yuan. The rental of breeding greenhouses is 30,000 yuan per mu. 600,000 yuan. The two annual income can reach 2.04 million yuan.
4. Nowadays, agricultural photovoltaic has developed rapidly in terms of early system design and technology, and the state's policy support for agricultural-solar complementary photovoltaic power plants will also become more and more comprehensive. The "Notice on Further Implementation of Relevant Policies for Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation" issued by the National Energy Administration mentioned: "If distributed projects are built on abandoned land, hills arid areas, agricultural greenhouses, mudflats, etc., the voltage level is 35 kV and below. The capacity of the project connected to the power grid (not exceeding 20 MW) and the energy produced are consumed in the transformer area of the grid connection point. The reference electricity price policy of thelocal photovoltaic plant can be implemented. The power grid company can provide efficient and convenient services through the “green channel” referring to distributed access services.
5. Analysis of the power generation benefits of "agricultural and photovoltaic complementarity":
Taking a 20MW photovoltaic project as an example, the construction content of the photovoltaic greenhouse includes: construction and the installation costs of the photovoltaic system, the project cost, the land cost, the construction cost of the agricultural greenhouse itself and the access system cost total about 12,470 yuan/kW.
6. Advantages of photovoltaic agricultural greenhouses:
Land use advantages: Photovoltaic energy production in the greenhouse and ecological selection and planting under the greenhouse improve the overall land utilization rate.
2. Savings Benefitsenergy saving: part of the photovoltaic energy production can be consumed locally, thus reducing losses on transmission lines.
3. Economic benefits: you can apply for agricultural support funds and PV can benefit from subsidies on electricity prices from renewable energy.
4. Employment Benefits: This can provide secondary employment opportunities to landless farmers and increase their income.
5. Access benefits: The National Energy Administration has integrated agricultural photovoltaic greenhouse projects into distributed project management and implemented reference electricity prices for photovoltaic power plants, which is a favorable policy submission of projects and access to the network.
6. Benefits of photovoltaic poverty alleviation: The National Poverty Alleviation Office requires that all lLocalities use arid hills, agricultural greenhouses or agricultural facilities in poor areas to build photovoltaic power plants according to local conditions to directly increase income. of the poor.
7. Advantages of project site selection: The demand for land for ground-mounted power plants is high, and generally they can only be located on unused land such as barren mountains, barren slopes and mudflats. complex and geological conditions are poor, making it difficult to build power plants. Complementary agricultural and photovoltaic projects can use general agricultural land to realize the construction of photovoltaic power plants without changing the nature of land use.
Photovoltaic power plants and land properties
When processing photovoltaic power plant procedures involvings large-scale ground-mounted power plants, fishing-solar complementary, agriculture-solar complementary and other issues involving land acquisition, land leasing and other issues, the first thing that needs to be considered is the nature of the land . After inspecting the promising land parcel, you should go to the local land and resources office to inquire about the latest land use policies, current land holdings and land use planning to determine whether it meets policies, planning and other requirements. Then, it is necessary to first clarify the classification of land ownership, including fishing and light supplementation, agriculture and light mutuality. To complete the projects, it is particularly important to clarify the relevant policies related to agricultural land.
1. What is agricultural lande ? According to the provisions of the Land Management and Land Classification Law promulgated by the Ministry of Land and Resources, agricultural land refers to land used for agricultural production, including cultivated land, garden land , forest lands, pastures and other agricultural lands. Agricultural land is divided into five types: cultivated land; forest lands; grazing land and other agricultural land; 2. What is cultivated land? According to the regulations, cultivated land refers to land intended for planting crops, including cultivated land, newly developed and reclaimed land, fallow land, rotational land and grassland rotational land mainly intended for planting crops, with scattered fruit trees, mulberry trees, or other trees; On average, a harvest of mudflats and varecovered waste can be guaranteed every year. Cultivated land also includes ditches, ditches, roads and field ridges less than one meter wide in the south and less than two meters wide in the north. Cultivated land can be divided into three types: ① Rice fields refer to arable land with guaranteed water sources and irrigation facilities, which can be irrigated normally in normal years and are used to cultivate crops aquatic, including irrigated rice fields and rotational dry lands; Irrigated land refers to rice fields, other than vegetable fields, cultivated land with guaranteed water sources and irrigation facilities, which can be irrigated normally in normal years. ③ Dry land refers to cultivated land without irrigation facilities and dependent on natural precipitation to cultivate cropsdry ultures; , including cultivated land without irrigation facilities that relies solely on flood diversion and siltation. Irrigated Agricultural Land 3. What is basic agricultural land? Basic agricultural land refers to cultivated land that should not be occupied based on the demand for agricultural products due to population and socio-economic development during a certain period and based on the overall plan of land use. This corresponds to general agricultural land. Basic agricultural land is part of cultivated land and mainly constitutes the part of high-yield and high-quality cultivated land. Generally speaking, cultivated land included in the basic agricultural land protection zone is basic agricultural land. Ordinary people call basic agricultural land "field for eating" and "field for protecting life". The area of agricultural land is larger than that of cultivated land, and cultivated land is larger than basic agricultural land. Basic agricultural land refers only to cultivated land specially protected by the state. Agricultural land can be converted into building land through legal procedures; and once the basic agricultural land is determined in accordance with the law, no unit or individual may modify or occupy it, unless it is truly impossible to avoid the basic agricultural land when selecting sites for key construction projects. such as national energy, transportation, water conservancy and military installations, agricultural land protected areas can only be occupied and must be approved by the State Council. 4. What is agricultural land conversion? Agricultural land conversion refers to the acte to convert agricultural land determined by a land use status survey into building land after being submitted for approval in accordance with the comprehensive land use plan, the annual land use plan and the approval authority stipulated by the State. Conversion of agricultural land is also called conversion of agricultural land to building land.
2. Photovoltaic Power Plants and Land Use
In 2014, the National Energy Administration issued a “Notice on Further Implementation of Policies Related to Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation.” The notice mentioned “use.” abandoned land according to local conditions. "The "mud flats, lakes, barren hills and slopes" mentioned in the document are unused land, and the "fish ponds, fish ponds, etc." "Agricultural greenhouses" belong to the category of agricultural land;Abandoned land may belong to building land, such as mining land. ComprehensiveAs mentioned above, it is necessary to understand relevant land policies when developing photovoltaic power plants with state-owned land resources. The nature of the land, land use planning, construction planning, land ownership, land use and land connections must be clearly understood. at an early stage. Otherwise, once the project is launched, land issues will cause huge losses.