A match is a tool for lighting a fire that can generate friction and ignite based on the principle of friction and heat generation by objects and the chemical activity of oxidants and d powerful reducing agents. When the match head rubs against the friction surface of the matchbox, a large amount of friction heat will be generated because both sides are rough. At that time, the phosphorus contained on the friction surface will ignite first, and the heat generated will decompose the sulfur and potassium hydroxide on the match head to release oxygen, thereby igniting the match. That is to say, the first ignition is caused by the red phosphorus on the friction surface of the matchbox, and the second ignition is caused by the action of the oxygen produced by the head of the matchbox. match and fuel (sulphur). Of course, even if the friction surface of the matchbox is not usedilized and the match head is violently rubbed on the blackboard or newspaper placed on the table, when a large amount of friction heat is generated, a second ignition can be directly caused. , thus starting the match. This is because the high temperature generated by friction causes the potassium hydroxide to decompose and release oxygen, and at the same time, the temperature of the sulfur exceeds the ignition point, causing the match to burn. In other words, when the three conditions for the object to burn are met, the match will light. The three conditions are oxygen, flash point (high temperature), and fuel. But when lighting a match without a matchbox, you need some technical advice. In 1669, the German H. Brand refined yellow phosphorus.
In 1805, the French chancellor stuck potassium chlorate and sugar on a small stick ofwood, dipped it in sulfuric acid and ignited it. In 1816, F. Drewson of Paris, France, manufactured yellow phosphorus matches. In 1828, S. Jones of London, England, made promethine matches, followed by Parisian G. E. Mekel and Austrian J. Seeger and others who invented phosphorus-free matches. . In order to increase the stability and flammability of matches, the Frenchman C. Soria used white phosphorus and yellow phosphorus as formulas and innovated the design of match formulas in 1831. "The match" makes fire by friction, and the inventor of this type of match was Walker in England. In 1826, he used gum and water to make a paste of antimony sulfide and potassium chloride, which he applied to the match shaft and tightened it. Pulling on sandpaper creates a fire. He stuck potassium chlorate and antimony trisulfide to the end of a small wooden stick likemedicinal head, and put it in a box with sandpaper stuck to the side of the box. Hold a small wooden stick and rub the medicinal head hard on the sandpaper to ignite it. This is the first correspondence of practical value.