Charging refers to the process of recharging batteries and other equipment. The principle is to let direct current flow in the opposite direction of the discharge to restore the active material in the battery.
In Internet slang, it has extensive meanings such as study, work, etc. To increase your knowledge, for example, if you realize that you are still lacking in many aspects, you can acquire more knowledge to enrich yourself and increase your knowledge and talents.
What are the structural components of a car's charging system and what are the symptoms if it malfunctions?
It can be started. The battery will be charged after starting the engine. The energy consumed during startup can be fully charged within 3-5 minutes.
1. The charging of the battery by the motor has little to do with time, but mainly with operation.engine. When the engine is idling normally, the charging light turns off and the generator begins producing electricity. The higher the engine speed, the greater the power output once the generator's power output meets the power consumption of the vehicle's electrical devices. the remaining part will charge the battery.
2. When the engine starts, the generator replaces the battery to power the vehicle's electrical equipment and charges the battery. After starting the engine, as the generator continues to run for approximately two to three minutes, the voltage it puts out will slowly become higher than the battery voltage. At that point, the generator begins to slowly replace the battery to power the electrical system. equipment on the vehicle and charge the battery.
Detailed information:
Car charging precautions:
1. Develop good habits for using electricity in the car. The most important thing to maintain the vehicle battery is to develop good electricity use habits, such as not listening to the radio loudly when the engine is off, charging mobile phones, using charging pumps, etc. . This will easily cause battery loss. power over time, and the battery will lose power if the frequency is too high, the service life will be greatly reduced.
2. Do not start the vehicle frequently. Many car owners will encounter the problem of difficulty starting the car in winter. It is difficult to start, so they start the vehicle frequently. But the right approach should be: do not start the engine for more than 3 seconds each time. If theThe first boot fails, do not rush to restart it again and again.
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How does a car generator charge the battery?
The car charging system consists of a generator, a battery, a voltage regulator, a charging indicator and associated wires. etc. are composed together. The connection relationship between them is as shown below. The functions of each component and the working principle of the system are as follows.
1. Generator: Generating electricityThe machine is the main power source for automobile electrical equipment. During normal car operation, the alternator powers other electrical equipment except the starter and charges the battery. Thisthat is to say that when the engine is running normally, almost all of the car's electrical energy is supplied by the generator; when there is power left, the generator will charge the battery; Generally, the power of a car generator is 0.8 to 1.5 kilowatts, which can meet the power demand of the car in most cases. When energy production is insufficient, the battery supplements it. For some small displacement engines, when the generator generates a large amount of electricity and the load is high, the engine vibrates due to the increased load. At this time, the engine automatically increases the speed to improve engine power.
Most generators used in automobiles are three-phase silicon rectified alternators, which use silicon diodes as rectifiers to convert alternating current to direct current. Its main structure is composede of a rotor, a stator, a brush and slip ring mechanism, a three-phase rectifier bridge, bearings, fans and front and rear covers. The rotor is used to generate a magnetic field, the stator is used to generate current. , and the rectifier converts the three-phase current. The alternating current is converted into a pulsating direct voltage. The power generated by the generator increases as the engine speed increases.
2. Battery: Battery is what we commonly call battery. This is the largest electrical equipment in the car. Its main function is to power the starter, ignition system and other major electrical equipment. the engine starts; when the engine is not running or running at low speed, it powers various electrical equipment when there are too many electrical equipment and the power consumption exceeds the power capacity of the generator, thebattery assists the generator; to power various electrical equipment; In addition, the battery also has the function of stabilizing the voltage of the power system. It is equivalent to a large capacitor and can absorb instantaneous surges in the circuit to protect electrical equipment.
Many people think that the battery is the car's main source of energy. In fact, this is not the case. The generator is the real source of power for the car. When the engine is running normally, the generator output voltage is higher than the car battery voltage. The generator powers all electrical equipment (except the starter) and at the same time charges the battery. internal storage when the engine starts. Electrical energy operates the starter and usually exists in the form of an electrical device.
3. Voltage Regulator: Voltage regulator is used to adjustter the generator output voltage to maintain the generator output voltage between 13.8 and 14.4 volts. Since the generator output voltage increases with increasing engine speed, if the engine speed is too high, the generator output voltage will be too high, which will burn out the car's electrical system and some electronic components of the car. precision. With a voltage regulator, these problems can be avoided. Car voltage regulators are now all electronic, most are built inside the generator and only a few are external. The vast majority of generator failures are caused by a faulty voltage regulator.
4. Charging Indicator System: The charging indication system mainly refers to the voltmeter or charging light on the dashboard. They are used to indicate whether the operating condition of the generator is normal. If the indicatorcharging generator appears while the car is drivingIf the light is on or the voltmeter indicator is lower than 24V, it means the generator is not charging or the charging capacity is too low and the charging system needs to be repaired.
The working principle of the car charging system is: when we turn on the ignition switch, the battery provides excitation current to the generator rotor, and the rotor generates a field magnetic, then the motor starts; , causing the generator to operate, and the stator winding cuts the rotor winding. The magnetic field lines generate three-phase alternating current, which is converted to direct current after rectification and output of the silicon at this time, because the generator speed is low, this is the case. The excitation current is supplied by the battery. This situation is called "other excitation", then as the speed of the generatortor becomes higher and higher, the power output becomes larger and larger, and the current of the rotor winding is supplied by the current generated by the battery. the generator itself. This situation is called “self-arousal.”
When the engine is operating normally, the generator also works at high speed with the engine, emitting electrical energy for use by the car's electrical equipment, and the excess electrical energy is used to charge the battery. When the battery is fully charged, the voltage regulator cuts off the excitation current to the rotor and the generator stops producing electricity; When the battery voltage drops to a certain value, the voltage regulator reconnects the excitation current and the generator starts producing electricity again. This process is repeated again and again, which can not only ensure normal operationof the car's electrical equipment, but also maintain the battery in a fully charged state. In order to ensure that the car can produce electricity at low speed, the speed of the generator is generally 2.5-3 times the speed of the engine, so even if the engine is idling, the generator can produce electricity Normally.
Common faults in automotive charging systems include no charge, overcharge and undercharge. The causes of faults are only two types: poor line contact and failure of the generator itself. Generally speaking, today's generators are highly integrated and cannot be disassembled and repaired under normal circumstances, and can only be replaced as a whole. When the car charging system is used, it is not allowed to use the instant grounding (grounding) method of the output end ofu generator (fire test method) to determine whether the generator produces electricity, nor remove the battery and other main electrical equipment when the generator is running at high speed, to avoid power surges caused by the failure of electronic components precision. During daily maintenance, it is necessary to frequently check the connection between the generator and the battery to ensure that the connection is firm and reliable and that the joints are free of rust. Additionally, the generator belt tension should also be checked. frequently. If the belt is too loose, the generator speed will be reduced. If it is too low, energy production will be insufficient. If the belt is too tight, it will easily damage the generator belt and bearings.
The generator and the battery are connected in parallel. The generator is essentially an electric motor. The reason forwhich the rotor sends electricity is that it must be excited and generate rotation. magnetic field.
As the rotor is rotated by the pulley, the stator moves to intersect the magnetic field lines, generating an induced electromotive force. The higher the pulley speed, the greater the induced emf generated, and the greater the induced emf. the battery can be charged.
The generator is the main power source for automobile electrical equipment. During normal car operation, the alternator powers other electrical equipment except the starter and charges the battery.
In other words, when the engine is running normally, almost everything on the car's electrical power is supplied by the generator; When there is power left, the generator will charge the battery.
Generally, the power of a car generator is de 0.8 to 1.5 kilowatts, which can meet the power demand of the car in most cases. When energy production is insufficient, the battery supplements it.
For some small displacement engines, when the generator generates a large amount of electricity and the load is high, the engine vibrates due to the increased load. At this time, the motor automatically increases speed. to increase engine power.
Detailed information:
Most generators used in cars are gas generators. three silicon rectifications. Phase alternator, which uses silicon diodes as rectifiers to convert alternating current into direct current.
Its main structure is composed of a rotor, a stator, a brush and slip ring mechanism, a three-phase rectifier bridge, a bearing, a fan and to broodfront and rear end keys. used to generate magnetic field, and the stator is used to output current, the rectifier converts three-phase alternating current into DC pulse voltage. The power generated by the generator increases as the engine speed increases.
The battery is the largest electrical equipment in the car. Its main function is to power the starter, ignition system and other major electrical equipment when the engine is started when the engine is not running or running; at low speed, it powers various components. Power supply for various electrical equipment;
When there are too many electrical equipment and the power consumption exceeds the power capacity of the generator, the battery assists the generator. to power various electrical equipment; In addition, the battery also has a stable power system. The voltage function is equivalente has a large capacitor, which can absorb instantaneous surges in the circuit to protect electrical equipment.